Higher-speed rail

Last updated

FXD1-J0010 at Guangqumen (20190203093259).jpg
China Railway CR200J
Vande Bharat Express around Mumbai.jpg
Vande Bharat Express near Mumbai.
Southwest Chief at Los Cerrillos, February 2020.jpg
Amtrak's Southwest Chief east of Los Cerrillos, New Mexico.

Higher-speed rail (HrSR), [1] also known as high-performance rail, [2] higher-performance rail, [3] semi-high-speed rail or almost-high-speed rail, [4] is the jargon used to describe inter-city passenger rail services that have top speeds of more than conventional rail but are not high enough to be called high-speed rail services. [5] The term is also used by planners to identify the incremental rail improvements to increase train speeds and reduce travel time as alternatives to larger efforts to create or expand the high-speed rail networks. [6]

Contents

Though the definition of higher-speed rail varies from country to country, most countries refer to rail services operating at speeds up to 200 km/h (125 mph). [7]

The concept is usually viewed as stemming from efforts to upgrade a legacy railway line to high speed railway standards (speeds in excess of 250 km/h or 155 mph), but usually falling short on the intended speeds. The faster speeds are achieved through various means including new rolling stock such as tilting trains, upgrades to tracks including shallower curves, electrification, in-cab signalling, and less frequent halts/stops. [8]

Definitions by country

As with the definitions of high-speed rail, the definition varies by country. The term has been used by government agencies, [9] government officials, [10] transportation planners, [11] academia, [12] the rail industry, [13] and the media, [14] but sometimes with overlaps in the speed definitions. Some countries with an established definition of higher-speed rail include:

Agency / CouncilTop speeds (mph)Ref
California Department of Transportation Up to 125 [22]
Minnesota Department of Transportation Greater than 90 but less than 125 [23]
North Central Texas Council of Governments 80–150 [11]
Oklahoma Department of Transportation 110–125 [24]
Texas Department of Transportation 110–125 [24]
Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation Up to 110 [19]

Speed limits

In Canada, the assumption about grade crossing is that operating higher-speed rail services between 160 and 200 km/h (99 and 124 mph) would require "improved levels of protection in acceptable areas". [25]

In the United States, railroad tracks are largely used for freight with at-grade crossings. Passenger trains in many corridors run on shared tracks with freight trains. Most trains are limited to top speeds of 79 mph (127 km/h) unless they are equipped with an automatic cab signal, automatic train stop, automatic train control or positive train control system approved by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). [26] In developing higher-speed rail services, one of those safety systems must be used.

Additionally, the FRA establishes classification of track quality which regulates the speed limits of trains with Class 5, Class 6, Class 7 and Class 8 for top speeds of 90 mph (145 km/h), [27] 110 mph (175 km/h), 125 mph (200 km/h) and 160 mph (255 km/h), respectively. [28] The FRA also regulates passenger train design and safety standards to ensure trains that operate at speeds of 80 mph (130 km/h) up to 125 mph (200 km/h) comply with its Tier I standard and trains that operate at speeds up to 150 mph (240 km/h) comply with its Tier II standard. [29]

Another limitation is the safety of grade crossings (also known as level crossings, flat level crossings, non-grade-separated crossings) which limits how fast trains can go. FRA regulations set speed limits for tracks with grade crossings as follows: [30] Level crossings are generally the most dangerous part of the railway network with a large number of fatal incidents occurring at a grade crossing.

In Europe, the limit is often 160 km/h (100 mph) over grade crossings. [31] In Sweden there is a special rule permitting 200 km/h (125 mph) if there are barriers and automatic detection of road vehicles standing on the track. [32] In Russia 250 km/h (155 mph) is permitted over grade crossings. [33] The United Kingdom has railway lines of 200 km/h (125 mph) which still use grade crossings.

With the above limitations, many regional transportation planners focus on rail improvements to have the top speeds up to 110 mph (175 km/h) when proposing a new higher-speed rail service. [21]

Similar categories

In countries where there had been rail improvement projects in the later part of the 20th century and into the 2000s, there are inter-city rail services with comparable speed ranges of higher-speed rail, but they are not specifically called "higher-speed rail". Below are some examples of such services that are still in operation.

Commuter rail services

Some commuter rail services that cover shorter distances may achieve similar speeds but they are not typically called as higher-speed rail. [19] Some examples are:

Rail improvement strategies

Cab display unit of ACSES, an approved PTC system Amt 9634-CDU-closeup.jpg
Cab display unit of ACSES, an approved PTC system

There are many types of trains that can support higher-speed rail operation. Usually, the rail infrastructure needs to be upgraded prior to such operation. However, the requirements to the infrastructure (signalling systems, curve radii, etc.) greatly increase with higher speeds, so an upgrade to a higher-speed standard is often simpler and less expensive than building new high-speed lines. But an upgrade to existing track currently in use, with busy traffic in some segments, introduces challenges associated with the construction work that could potentially disrupt the train services. The followings are some strategies used by regional transportation planners and rail track owners for their rail improvement projects in order to start the higher-speed rail services.

Signal upgrades

In Victoria, Australia, the increased top speeds from 130 to 160 km/h (80 to 100 mph) in the Regional Fast Rail project required a change to the signalling system to account for increased braking distance. Prior to the project, the system comprised a mixture of equipment from pre-WWI mechanical signalling to the remote control systems of the 1980s. In some cases, operators needed to telephone the local operators to manually control the signal boxes. With the new speeds, the signalling needed to be computerized. The project employed the Solid State Interlocking with the newly laid fiber-optic communication between the components to use three computer systems to control the signals. When the output of one computer differs from the other two, the system will fail that computer and continue the signal operations as long as the outputs from the other two computers are consistent. The project deployed the Train Protection & Warning System which allows the system to automatically applies the brakes at a sufficient distance to stop the train if the driver does not control the speeds adequately. The project also incorporated Train Control and Monitoring System to allow real-time monitoring of the position of trains. [49]

In the United States, the first step to increase top speeds from 79 mph (127 km/h) is to install a new signal system that incorporates FRA-approved positive train control (PTC) system that is compatible with higher-speed rail operation. [50] They are both transponder-based and GPS-based PTC systems currently in use in the United States. By a mandate, a significant portion of the railroads in the United States will be covered by PTC by the end of 2015. [51]

Concrete ties on a BNSF line Concrete sleeper 1638.JPG
Concrete ties on a BNSF line

Track improvements

To support trains that run regularly at higher speeds, the rails need to be reliable. Most freight tracks have wooden ties which cause rails to become slightly misaligned over time due to wood rot, splitting and spike-pull (where the spike is gradually loosened from the tie). [52] The concrete ties used to replace them are intended to make the track more stable, particularly with changes in temperature. [53] Rail joints are also an issue, since most conventional rail lines use bolts and fishplates to join two sections of the rail together. This causes the joint to become slightly misaligned over time due to loosening bolts. To make for a smoother ride at higher speeds, the lengths of rail may be welded together to form continuous welded rail (CWR). However, the continuous welded rails are vulnerable to stress due to changes in temperature. [54]

In Australia, the track condition before the Regional Fast Rail project could only support trains up to speeds of 130 km/h (80 mph). The tracks are with mixture of wooden and concrete ties. The rail weight varies but with majority being 47 kg/m (95 lb/yd). The track upgrade in the project included changing to use concrete ties and to use new standard of rail weight at 60 kg/m (121 lb/yd) in order to support the new top speeds of 160 km/h (100 mph). [55]

There may be restriction in maximum operating speeds due to track geometry of existing line, especially on curves. Straightening the route, where possible, will reduce the travel time by increasing the allowable speeds and by reducing the length of track. When straight routes are not possible, reducing the number of curves and lowering the degree of curvature would result in higher achievable speeds on those curves. An example is the elimination of three consecutive reverse curves in favor of one larger curve. Raising superelevation may be considered for sharp curves which significantly limit speed. The higher speeds on those modified curves, together with the higher superelevation, will require track modification to have transition spirals to and from those curves to be longer. [56]

Old turnouts may need replacement to allow trains to run through the turnouts at higher speeds. In the United States, some old turnouts have speed limit of 20 mph (30 km/h). Even with newer turnouts (rated #20), the diverging speed limit is still at 45 mph (70 km/h) which would significantly slow down the higher-speed train passing through those sections. High-speed turnouts (rated #32.7) are capable of handling maximum diverging speeds of 80 mph (130 km/h). [57] [58] [59]

In order to minimize the downtime to upgrade tracks, a track renewal train (TRT) can automate much of the process, replacing rails, ties, and ballast at the rate of 2 miles per day. In the United States, a TRT is used by Union Pacific Railroad on the track shared with future higher-speed rail service in Illinois area. [60] [61]

For electrified track, the old catenary may need to be replaced. The fixed-tension catenary which is acceptable for low speeds may not be suitable for regular higher-speed rail services, where a constant tension is automatically maintained when temperature changes cause the length of the wire to expand or contract. [62]

Crossing improvements

With trains running at higher speeds throughout the route, safety at all at-grade crossings needs to be considered.

In Australia, the levels of upgrade of the crossing in the rail improvements project were based on the risk analysis. The improvements included flashing light protection, automatic full barriers protection, and pedestrian gates crossings. The project also introduced the use of rubber panels at the crossings. [49]

In the United States, the FRA limits train speeds to 110 mph (175 km/h) without an "impenetrable barrier" at each crossing. Even with that top speed, the grade crossings must have adequate means to prevent collisions. Another option is grade separation, but it could be cost-prohibitive and the planners may opt for at-grade crossing improvements instead. [30]

The safety improvements at crossings can be done using combination of techniques. This includes passive devices such as upgraded signage and pavement markings. Another low-cost passive device is median separators which are installed along the center line of roadways, extending approximately 70 to 100 feet from the crossing, to discourage drivers from running around the crossing gates. More active devices include the four-quadrant gate, which blocks both sides of each traffic lane. Longer gate arms can cover 3/4 of the roadway. Video cameras can also be installed to catch the violators. A signal monitoring system can also be installed to alert the crews when the crossing equipment has malfunctioned. [63]

In Norway, grade crossing speed are not permitted to exceed 160 km/h (100 mph). [64]

Rerouting and passing sidings

Norfolk Southern Railway freight enters the NEC from the Port Road Branch in Perryville, Maryland NS Entering the NE Corridor.jpg
Norfolk Southern Railway freight enters the NEC from the Port Road Branch in Perryville, Maryland

In areas where there is frequent interference between freight and passenger trains due to congestion which causes the passenger trains to slow down, more extensive improvements may be needed. Certain segments of the line in congested areas may need to be rerouted. New track may need to be laid to avoid many curves which slow down the trains. In stretches of heavy freight train traffic, adding passing sidings along the segment should be considered. Sometimes certain stations may need to be bypassed. [65]

Electrification

The "Main Line" portion of the Keystone Corridor is fully electrified. Amtrak Keystone Corridor Rosemont Curve.jpg
The "Main Line" portion of the Keystone Corridor is fully electrified.

Another consideration is electrification. Electrifying a railway line entails a major upgrade to the rail infrastructure and equipment. On the infrastructure side, it requires catenary lines to be built above the tracks. New transmission lines are needed to carry power from the power plants. Substations are required for each of the 40-mile (64 km) lengths to reduce severe voltage losses. There is also a need to consider the required amount of power supply and new power plants may be required. For locomotives, new electric locomotives are needed or existing diesel-electric locomotives can be retrofitted into all-electric locomotives, but it is a complicated task. [66] These factors cause electrification to have high initial investment costs. The advantages of all-electric locomotives are that they provide quieter, cleaner and more reliable operations than the diesel-electric counterpart. The fuel consumption, locomotive maintenance costs and track wear of all all-electric locomotives are also lower. [67] Furthermore, electric traction makes the operator more independent of oil price fluctuations and imports, as electricity can be generated from domestic resources or renewable energy. This was a major consideration in the electrification of the German Democratic Republic network, as lignite (and therefore electricity) was cheap and plentiful domestically whereas oil had to be imported at world market prices.[ citation needed ]

An alternative to catenary lines is to use a third rail system which has a semi-continuous rigid conductor placed alongside or between the rails of a railway track. However the operating speeds of this type of systems cannot be greater than 100 mph (160 km/h) due to its limitation of the power supply gaps at turnouts and grade crossings. Therefore, the third rail system is not generally used for higher-speed rail. [68]

One example in the United States that does involve electrification is the Keystone Improvement Project to provide higher-speed rail service along the Harrisburg-Pittsburgh segment of the Keystone Corridor in Pennsylvania. The plan includes additional track, a new signal system and electrification. If completed as planned, this would allow Amtrak to utilize electric power continuously on service from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh. The first segment ("Main Line") has already been using electric locomotives with a top speed of 110 mph (175 km/h). [69]

In operation

Australia

NSW TrainLink XPT at Central station Countrylink XPT at Sydney Central station.jpg
NSW TrainLink XPT at Central station
A Diesel Tilt Train at Bowen Hills QRTILTRAIN2.jpg
A Diesel Tilt Train at Bowen Hills

In 1999, the concept of Regional Fast Rail project was initiated by the Government of Victoria with a goal to provide express higher-speed rail services between four main regional centres of Victoria (Geelong, Ballarat, Bendigo and the Latrobe Valley) and Melbourne. The initiative included a key component to upgrade rail infrastructure to have top speeds up to 160 km/h (100 mph). The development phase of initiative was between 2000 and 2002. Finally, the services on four lines began between 2005 and 2006 with top speeds of 160 km/h using VLocity trains. [70] Additionally, Queensland Rail's Tilt Train, the Prospector and NSW TrainLink's XPT all have a top service speed of 160 km/h (99–100 mph). [71] [72] [73]

The New South Wales XPT (short for Express Passenger Train) is the main long-distance passenger train operated by NSW TrainLink on regional railway services in New South Wales, Australia from Sydney to Dubbo, Grafton, and Casino as well as interstate destinations, Brisbane and Melbourne. The XPT is based on the British Rail designed High Speed Train and entered service in April 1982. It came to fruition in January 1978 when the Public Transport Commission invited tenders for 25 high-speed railcars similar to the Prospector railcars delivered by Comeng to the Western Australian Government Railways in 1971. Comeng's proposal for a train based on the InterCity 125 was announced as the successful bidder in October 1976.

The Tilt Train is the name for two similar tilting train services, one electric and the other diesel, operated by Queensland Rail on the North Coast line from Brisbane to Rockhampton and Cairns. In May 1999 the Electric Tilt Train set an Australian train speed record of 210 km/h (130 mph) north of Bundaberg, a record that still stands. [74] [75]

The Transwa WDA/WDB/WDC class are a class of railcars built by United Goninan, Broadmeadow for Transwa in 2004–05 to replace the WAGR WCA/WCE class railcars on the AvonLink and Prospector services in Australia. They are capable of high-speed operation.

China

Geographically accurate map of CRH services. Magenta and Red: High-speed rail Yellow: Higher-speed rail Black text in image: Cities that host CR divisions headquarters High and Higher speed rail in China.svg
Geographically accurate map of CRH services.
Magenta and Red: High-speed rail
Yellow: Higher-speed rail
Black text in image: Cities that host CR divisions headquarters
A S511 train in the Beijing Suburban Railway. CRH6F-A-0496@FGP (20201009113705).jpg
A S511 train in the Beijing Suburban Railway.
Train K9787 in the Southern Xinjiang railway. China Railways train K9787 on Nanjiang Railway line.jpg
Train K9787 in the Southern Xinjiang railway.

In China, higher-speed railways are railways that are not officially categorized as high-speed rail but allow CRH EMUs run on it with speeds up to 200 km/h. [76] Typically these lines are classified as Grade I conventional railways and are used by both passenger and freight services.

Note that the majority of high-speed lines are also called "passenger-only"(Chinese :客运专线) lines. Inside mainland China this word invokes a sense of higher-speed rail but the wording usage is inconsistent.

Train identifiers

Identifiers starting with G indicates at least part of the train's route operates at a maximum 300 km/h or above (this is a characteristic of the line rather than the precise maximum speed of this exact train) and not running at deliberately reduced speed on any section. Other sections of the route may have lower speeds as low as 160 km/h.

Identifiers starting with C indicates short-distance travel using CRH trains, the maximum speed is irrelevant (ranging from 160 km/h Ürümqi-Korla service to 350 km/h Beijing-Tianjin (via intercity) service).

Identifiers starting with D indicates CRH services with maximum speed 265 km/h or less, including overnight sleepers on 310 km/h Beijing-Guangzhou line (running them 310 km/h overnight not only causes noises but also disturbs sleeping patterns of passengers. This is an example of deliberately reduced speeds).

Identifiers starting with S indicates metropolitan services using CRH rolling stock and have a different fare system to the national one. Their maximum speed is 160 km/h.

Note: The start and end station in the following lists accounts only CRH services. * denotes some section of this line doesn't have 160 km/h CRH services.

Conventional lines running CRH services

This list is complete and up to date as of December 2019.
Line nameLine name
(Chinese)		start stationend stationTrain identifiersNote
Southern Xinjiang*南疆线(吐库二线段) Turpan/Turpan North Korla C T K Y none
Lanzhou-Xinjiang (West)*

(including Second track)

兰新线西段(北疆线) Ürümqi Bole C T K YBole station where Boltala Prefecture branch splits is no longer a passenger stop. [77]
Jinghe-Khorgos 精伊霍铁路 Jinghe South Khorgos C T K Y
Boltala Prefecture Branch 博州支线 Bole Boltala C T K Y
Liuyuan-Golmud*柳格线柳敦段 Yumen Dunhuang D K Y noneNo CRH train from/to Dunhuang stops at Yumen.
Changchun-Baicheng
Baicheng-Arxan*		长白·白阿线(长乌段) Changchun Ulanhot C Z K
Hohhot-Ordos 呼鄂线 Hohhot East Ordos D Z K
Beijing Suburban:
Huairou-Miyun 		北京市郊怀密线 Qinghe Gubeikou S
Beijing Suburban:
Sub-Center 		北京市郊副中心线 Liangxiang Qiaozhuang East S
Tianjin-Jizhou 津蓟铁路 Tianjin Jizhou North S
Beijing-Qinhuangdao 京秦线(京哈线) Beijing Qinhuangdao D Z T K YBoth conventional and high-speed services has some detouring to Tianjin instead.
Xiong'an Area雄安地区动车 Shijiazhuang Beijing South D Z T K YSection between Xushui East and Bazhou West is high-speed Tianjin–Baoding intercity railway(mixed traffic).
G class trains running solely on aforementioned section is not counted.
Section between Shijiazhuang and Xushui East is Beijing–Guangzhou railway.
Section between Bazhou West and Beijing South is Beijing–Kowloon railway.
Northern Tongpu Quadruple Track*北同蒲三四线 Huairen East Yuanping West D Z KPart of Datong-Xi'an high-speed line.
Beijing-Shanghai Overnight Sleepers 京沪动卧 Beijing Hangzhou D2/1/3 pair(s) of trains between Beijing and Shanghai/Nanjing/Hangzhou daily.
Trains to Hangzhou have section between Kunshan and Hangzhou runs via Shanghai–Kunming railway and does not stop at Shanghai.
Longkou-Yantai 龙烟线 Longkoushi Yantai D
Nanjing-Qidong*宁启线南启段 Nantong Qidong DSection between Nanjing and Nantong is 200 km/h
CR Shanghai Suburban (Shaoxing) 上海局市域(绍兴) Qianqing Shangyu SLocally administered
CR Shanghai Suburban (Ningbo) 上海局市域(宁波) Ningbo Yuyao SLocally administered
Dazhou-Chengdu*达成线成遂段 Dazhou Suining D Z T KSection between Suining and Chengdu is 200 km/h
Xiangyang-Chongqing*襄渝线达渝段 Dazhou Chongqing North D T K
Nanchong-Gaoxing 南高线 Nanchong Gaoxing DGaoxing station connects to Dazhou-Chongqing but is not a passenger stop
Shimen County-Changsha 石长线 Shimenxian North Changsha D T K
Kunming-Hekou*昆玉河铁路(标准轨) Yuxi Hekou North C KCRH service between Yuxi and Kunming South run on Kunming–Yuxi intercity railway (200 km/h)
Shanghai-Kunming*沪昆线宣昆段 Xuanwei Kunming C Z T K none
Litang-Zhanjiang*黎湛线贵玉段 Guigang Yulin D T K none
Shejiang-Shantou*畲汕线潮汕至汕头 Chaoshan Shantou G D K

Newly built lines operating less than 200 km/h speed

This list is complete and up to date as of December 2019.
Line nameLine name
(Chinese)		start stationend stationTrain identifiersNote
Shanghai Area: Jinshan 金山线 Shanghai South Jinshanwei S [78]
Zhongchuan Airport intercity 中川机场城际 Lanzhou West Zhongchuan Airport C DLanzhou Area only except a single round trip to/from Tianshui South.
Beijing Subway Daxing Airport Express 北京地铁大兴机场线 Caoqiao Daxing Airport Not existNot part of China Railway System.
Baotou-Xi'an*包西线西延段 Xi'an Yan'an D Z T KDifferent from Baotou–Xi'an high-speed railway (under construction).
Nanjing-Chengdu*宁蓉线宜凉段
(宜万铁路)		 Yichang East Liangwu G D Z KPassenger service branches at Lichuan.
Lanzhou-Chongqing 兰渝铁路 Lanzhou Chongqing North G D Z K
Changsha-Zhuzhou/Xiangtan 长株潭城际铁路 Changsha West Zhuzhou South/Xiangtan C
Guiyang-Kaiyang 贵开城际铁路 Guiyang North Kaiyang C
Guiyang Loop Line 贵阳市域铁路环线Loop LineC
Guangzhou-Shenzhen (quadtuple track) 广深线(城际线) Foshan West Shenzhen C DThrough operation to Huaiji (Guiyang-Guangzhou high-speed line), it operates at 180 km/h.

Designated 200 km/h, operating 160 km/h lines with currently no C/D/G class services

This list is complete and up to date as of December 2019.
Line nameLine name
(Chinese)		start stationend stationTrain identifiersNote
Jining-Baotou quadtuple track*集包第二双线 Jining South Hohhot East Z T K noneThe section between Hohhot East and Baotou is high-speed rail.
The section between Jining South and Hohhot differs from Zhangjiakou–Hohhot high-speed railway (all of this line's D class service is transfterred to it).
Taiyuan-Zhongwei/Yinchuan Corridor 太中银通道 Taiyuan Zhongwei/Yinchuan Z T K none

Slow speeds on lines normally running high-speed

This section lists the deliberately reduced scenarios mentioned in "train identifiers" section above.

This list is complete and up to date as of December 2019.
Line nameLine name
(Chinese)		start stationend stationTrain identifiersNote
Southeast coastal sleepers 沪广动卧 Shanghai Hongqiao/Shanghai Guangzhou South/Zhuhai DSection between Shanghai and Hangzhou uses Shanghai-Kunming high-speed line. Section between Shenzhen North and Zhuhai uses Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong high-speed line and Guangzhou-Zhuhai intercity line.
Beijing-Guangzhou sleepers 京广动卧 Beijing Guangzhou South and others (see note)DOvernight service to Shenzhen North, Zhuhai, Zhanjiang West and Kunming using Beijing-Guangzhou-Shenzhen, Guangzhou-Zhuhai, Xinhui-Maoming-Zhanjiang and Shanghai-Kunming high-speed lines.

Greece

Since 1997, ongoing construction to upgrade and built higher-speed lines capable of speeds of up to 200 km/h (120 mph) is conducted. The P.A.Th.E. Plan (Patras-Athens-Thessaloniki-Evzonoi), as it is called aims at reduced journey times between Greece's main cities (Athens, Thessaloniki and Patra) as well as an improved rail connection between Greece and North Macedonia. Currently, only the modernized lines of Domokos–Thessaloniki, Athens Airport–Kiato, and Thessaloniki–Strymonas are in operation at maximum speeds of 160 km/h (99 mph). [79]

India

Gatimaan Express at New Delhi Railway Station Gatimaan express.jpg
Gatimaan Express at New Delhi Railway Station
Tejas Express in Mumbai Rajendra B.Aklekar.jpg
Tejas Express in Mumbai
Vande Bharat Express during its inaugural run from Howrah to New Jalpaiguri Howrah New Jalpaiguri Vande Bharat Express.jpg
Vande Bharat Express during its inaugural run from Howrah to New Jalpaiguri
RapidX train in Delhi-Meerut RRTS Namo Bharat Train closeup.jpg
RapidX train in Delhi-Meerut RRTS

The Gatimaan Express was India's first semi-high speed train. [80] In October 2014, the railways applied for safety certificate from Commission of Railway Safety to start the service. In June 2015, the train was officially announced. The train was launched on 5 April 2016 and completed its maiden journey between Nizamuddin and Agra Cantt within 100 minutes. But due to low occupancy, Indian Railways first extended this train from Agra to Gwalior on 19 February 2018 and then to Jhansi on 1 April 2018.[ citation needed ]

The Tejas Express was Introduced by Indian Railways in 2017. It features modern onboard facilities with doors which are operated automatically. Tejas means "sharp", "lustre" and "brilliance" in many Indian languages. The inaugural run of Tejas Express was on 24 May 2017 from Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus to Karmali, Goa. It covered 552 km in 8 hours and 30 minutes. [81] On 1 March 2019, second Tejas Express of the country was flagged off between Chennai Egmore and Madurai Junction by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It covered 497 km in 6 hours and 30 minutes. [82] Lucknow – New Delhi Tejas Express, which was inaugurated on 4 October 2019, is India's first train operated by private operators, IRCTC, a subsidiary of Indian Railways. [83] The Ahmedabad – Mumbai Tejas express, also operated by IRCTC was inaugurated on the 17 January 2020. [84] From 1 September 2021, the train LHB Rajdhani Rakes are replaced with LHB Tejas Sleeper Rakes. This increased the speed of the train to 130 km/h. The train can travel at a top speed of 160 km/h making it a Semi-High Speed Train.

In 2021, Indian Railways started to upgrade Rajdhani Coaches to Tejas coaches. This replaced its traditional LHB Rajdhani coaches On 15 February 2021, the Agartala Rajdhani Express was upgraded with Tejas livery Sleeper Coaches. On 19 July 2021, the Mumbai Rajdhani Express was upgraded to Tejas class smart coaches. LHB Rajdhani coaches. [85] [86] On 1 September 2021 the Rajendra Nagar Patna Rajdhani Express was upgraded to Tejas rakes. This increased the speed of the train to 130 km/h. The train can travel at a top speed of 160 km/h. [87]

In 2019, Vande Bharat Express , also known as Train 18, [88] was inaugurated. This is an Indian higher-speed rail intercity electric multiple unit. [89] It was designed and built by Integral Coach Factory (ICF) at Perambur, Chennai under the Indian government's Make in India initiative over a span of 18 months. The unit cost of the first rake was given as ₹1 billion (US$12 million), though the unit cost is expected to go down with subsequent production. [90] At the original price, it is estimated to be 40% cheaper than a similar train imported from Europe. [91] The train was launched on 15 February 2019, from Delhi to Varanasi. [92] The service was named 'Vande Bharat Express' on 27 January 2019. [93] On 5 October 2019, a second Vande Bharat Express was opened from Delhi to Katra [94] On 30 September 2022, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated a 3rd Vande Bharat Express rake connecting Mumbai and Ahmedabad passing through Surat. This rake was an upgraded second generation version. [95] an other second generation rake was inaugurated from Delhi to Una passing through Chandigarh. [96]

The Delhi Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS), also known as RapidX, is a semi high-speed rail project inaugurated in 2023. Trains, called Namo Bharat trains, can reach speeds of up to 180 kilometers per hour.

Inaugural run and entry into service

The train flagged off for an inaugural run by Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi, on 15 February 2019, [97] with its commercial run started from 17 February 2019 onwards. It will be running on the Delhi-Varanasi route, [98] via Kanpur and Prayagraj, connecting the holy city of Varanasi to the Capital city, reducing travel time along the route by 15 percent. [89] The train's regenerative brakes are also expected to allow a 30% savings in electricity costs as compared to its predecessor. [99] At an operating speed of 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph), it will outpace the Shatabdi Express by 30 kilometres per hour (19 mph). [98] Although the trainset has been tested for speeds up to 180 km/h, it is capable of running at speed of 200 km/h. Every other car on the train is motorised. [100] The 8-hour journey from New Delhi to Varanasi station has the Chair Car CC Class fare of ₹1,755.00 and covers the total distance of about 762 kilometers. [101]

Laos

Passenger trains on the 2021 opened Boten–Vientiane railway travel at speeds of up to 160 km/h, [102] [103] however the railway has been described as 'high-speed' as well. [104] Some sections of the railway were planned to allow speeds of up to 200 km/h, however this was downgraded to 160 km/h in the final design. [105] [106]

United States

Amtrak Northeast Regional in Connecticut. Amtrak 627 with a Northeast Regional in Madison, Connecticut, April 2015.jpg
Amtrak Northeast Regional in Connecticut.
Amtrak Keystone Service passing Devon station in Pennsylvania. Keystone Service train passing through Devon station, July 2007.jpg
Amtrak Keystone Service passing Devon station in Pennsylvania.

This is the list of the current higher-speed rail services from the East Coast to the West Coast:

Corridor / SegmentService nameLength (miles)EquipmentPowerCurrent Top speed (mph)Avg speed (mph) [107] Note
Washington, DC–Boston, MA Northeast Regional 457locomotive-hauled coaches Electric 125 mph (201 km/h)57 mph (92 km/h) [108] Trains run on Northeast Corridor trackage shared by high-speed Acela Express trains. This service also qualifies as high-speed rail in certain portions of its route when traveling at its maximum speed, 125 mph (201 km/h).
Miami – Orlando, FL Brightline 235locomotive-hauled coachesDiesel-electric125 mph (201 km/h)69 mph (111 km/h)service started September 22, 2023.
Philadelphia–Harrisburg, PA, PA Keystone Service 104locomotive-hauled coachesElectric125 mph (201 km/h)59 mph (95 km/h)
New York City–Albany, NY Empire Service , Lake Shore Limited , Maple Leaf , Adirondack , Ethan Allen Express 141locomotive-hauled coaches Diesel-electric 110 mph (177 km/h)56 mph (90 km/h) [21]
New Haven, CT–Springfield, MA Amtrak Hartford Line, Vermonter , Northeast Regional 62locomotive-hauled coachesDiesel-electric110 mph (177 km/h)47 mph (76 km/h)Amtrak services running on the New Haven–Springfield Line started operating at 110 mph (177 km/h) on 16 June 2018. [109]
Chicago, IL–Detroit/Pontiac, MI Wolverine 304locomotive-hauled coachesDiesel-electric110 mph (177 km/h)57 mph (92 km/h)As of 2014, a 97-mile (156 km) portion allows speeds up to 110 mph (177 km/h). Another portion of 135 miles (217 km) is under construction to increase to those speeds. [21] [110]
Chicago, IL–Port Huron, MI Blue Water 319locomotive-hauled coachesDiesel-electric110 mph (177 km/h)49 mph (79 km/h)As of 2014, a 97-mile (156 km) portion allows speeds up to 110 mph (177 km/h). [110] [111]
Chicago, IL–St. Louis, MO Lincoln Service 284locomotive-hauled coachesDiesel-electric110 mph (177 km/h)53 mph (85 km/h) [112]
Chicago, IL–Los Angeles, CA Texas Eagle 2,728locomotive-hauled coachesDiesel-electric100 mph (161 km/h)55 mph (89 km/h) [113]
Chicago, IL–Los Angeles, CA Southwest Chief 2,256locomotive-hauled coachesDiesel-electric90 mph (145 km/h)55 mph (89 km/h) [114]
Los Angeles, CA–San Diego, CA Pacific Surfliner 130locomotive-hauled coachesDiesel-electric90 mph (145 km/h)55 mph (89 km/h) [21] There is a study in place to increase maximum speed to 110 mph (177 km/h) when funding is available. [115]

Earlier attempts

Canada

There have been several different attempts at higher speed rail in the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor, and several high speed rail attempts as well. [5]

Ireland

In 2010, there was a report commissioned by the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport as a mid-term review of Transport 21, an Irish infrastructure plan announced in 2005. The report recommended, among other things, a development of national rail to provide higher-speed rail services. [116] However, there have been no progress toward the recommendation.

United States

There have been long-range visions to establish high/higher-speed rail networks in different regions of the United States but without adequate funding. During the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, there was a surge of interest to apply for grants from the federal government to start those projects. However, many proposals have been put on hold or cancelled after failing to secure funding or support from the public or key local politicians. [117] [118]

Amtrak Cascades

Amtrak Cascades, a 467-mile (752 km) intercity rail service, stretches from Eugene, Oregon, through the State of Washington to Vancouver, British Columbia, in Canada. As of 2010, the long-term goal of this corridor was to have the top speeds of the segment of Eugene, Oregon, to Blaine, Washington, with top speeds in the 90 to 120 mph (145 to 195 km/h) range, and eventually 150 mph (240 km/h) on a dedicated track. [119] However, as of 2012, the Washington State Department of Transportation plans for its 300-mile (480 km) stretch to have top speeds of only 79 mph (127 km/h), [120] and the plan in Oregon is to limit the speeds to 79 mph (127 km/h) as well, with safety and other freight service concerns voiced by the track owner, Union Pacific Railroad. [121] This essentially halts the plan to provide a higher-speed rail service on this corridor in the near future.

Minnesota

The Northern Lights Express project, in the planning stages and proposed to begin construction in 2017, would upgrade the BNSF trackage between Minneapolis and Duluth to support service up to 90 mph (145 km/h). [122]

Other higher-speed rail proposals are periodically considered, but would need to pass through neighboring states, which have thus far not agreed to cooperate. Minnesota transportation planners proposed a higher-speed rail service called the River Route, with top speeds of 110 mph (175 km/h), between Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Minnesota, and Chicago, Illinois, via Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which follows the Empire Builder route. [123] There is no current progress with the River Route project due to the cancellation of the funding in Wisconsin.

Another alternative that has been discussed is to have a new route that heads south to Iowa to join the rail link from Iowa to Chicago. [124] There was a report in 2011 that Iowa would halt its involvement in high/higher-speed rail projects. [125] However, the Iowa Department of Transportation and Illinois Department of Transportation continue to pursue the study of rail link between Chicago and Omaha, Nebraska, through Iowa with top speeds of 110 mph (175 km/h). [126] [127] Therefore, the status of the proposal to link Minneapolis–Saint Paul with Chicago via Iowa is unknown.

New York

An un-rebuilt RTL Turboliner in New York in 1983. Turboliner 152.jpg
An un-rebuilt RTL Turboliner in New York in 1983.

In 1998, New York State initiated a $185 million program in partnership with Amtrak to increase the speeds of the Empire Service to 125 mph (200 km/h) by reconstructing all seven gas-turbine Turboliner trainsets, originally built in 1976–1977, to the new RTL-III specification. The reconstructed trains, coupled with track improvements, would cut the travel time between New York City and Albany by 20 minutes. However, the project ran into many problems including issues with the trains and the unsuccessful implementation of required track improvements. [128] New York ended the rehabilitation program in 2005 after spending $70.3 million. [129] Fallout over the program led to litigation between New York and Amtrak; Amtrak would eventually pay New York $20 million and commit to funding $10 million in track improvements. [130] New York auctioned off its surplus Turboliners in 2012 for $420,000. [131]

Ohio

The Ohio Hub, a rail improvement project proposed by the Ohio Department of Transportation, is aimed at revitalizing passenger rail service in the Ohio region. The proposal was to increase the top speeds to 110 mph (175 km/h) in the network connecting Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati, commonly referred as the 3-C corridor. [132] The project is currently in an unknown state after the U.S. government rescinded the federal funding from Ohio and redirected it to other states. [117]

Wisconsin

In October 2009, the Wisconsin Department of Transportation adopted the Connections 2030 plan which is the long-range plan for state transportation needs. The plan includes Wisconsin Rail Plan 2030, the twenty-year plan to improve the state railroad system by 2030. In the rail plan, there is a multi-phase project to upgrade the rail service from Chicago, Illinois, to Milwaukee and Madison, Wisconsin, with top speeds of 110 mph (175 km/h). The latter phases of the project will expand the same service to Minneapolis–Saint Paul in Minnesota and another route to Green Bay, Wisconsin. [133] There was a reaction against the project in 2010, and the $810 million grant the state originally received for the project from the federal government was rescinded. [117] As of 2012, the rail plan is postponed indefinitely. [134]

Current efforts

Baltic states

The three Baltic states have been working with the European Union as part of the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T) initiative on a study to build a higher-speed rail line in the Rail Baltica corridor to connect Warsaw, in Poland, and Tallinn, in Estonia. [135]

Bangladesh

Bangladesh Government has taken initiatives to develop high-speed rail (HSR) in between its two major cities – Dhaka, the National Capital City and Chattogram (former Chittagong), the second largest and the principal Port City of the country. Bangladesh Railway (BR), the Government-owned and-managed transportation agency of the country, signed a contract of BDT 102 crore on 31 May 2018 with a Consortium of China Railway Design Corporation (CRDC), a Chinese Company and Mazumder Enterprise (ME), a Bangladeshi Pvt. Ltd. Company for feasibility study and detailed design for construction of proposed Dhaka-Chattogram via Cumilla/Laksam HSR line.

With 320.79 km length, Dhaka-Chattogram is the main business corridor and life line of BR, and at present, the railway route is a circuitous way through Tongi-Bhairab Bazar-Brahmanbaria-Cumilla-Chattogram. The proposed shorter route, which would be Dhaka-Cumilla/Laksham-Chattogram, will cut short the length by about 91 km, making the total length around 230 km. The expected speed of the proposed HSR would be above 300 km/h (yet to determine) and it would take less than one hour to reach Chattogram from Dhaka, which currently takes more than five hours. Under the 18-month contract, the Consortium's responsibilities will include identifying alternative alignments, assessing the viability of the project, preparing detailed engineering design, and cost estimation. [136]

Canada

For a rail route to connect Windsor, Ontario to Detroit, Michigan in the United States, a higher-speed rail plan was proposed as an alternative after a study on the Windsor to Quebec City route in Canada was to consider only high-speed rail with top speeds of 200 km/h (125 mph) or more. Politicians in Windsor area proposed in 2012 that having higher-speed rail connection between Windsor and Detroit must be part of the consideration. [25] [137] [138]

Another feasibility study is ongoing as part of the Northern New England Intercity Rail Initiative to connect between Boston and Montreal trains at top speeds of 90 mph (145 km/h). [139]

Greece

A project to modernize railway network in Greece is ongoing. A new 106 km (66 mi) alignment between Tithorea and Domokos is designed to avoid the mountainous part. The new line will have speeds of 160 and 200 km/h (100 and 125 mph). [79]

India

In October 2013, the Minister of Railways announced at the two-day international technical conference on High Speed Rail Travel; Low Cost Solution that the focus of India's rail improvement is to implement a lower cost solution to meet the immediate needs by providing higher-speed rail services as an incremental step before the dedicated track high-speed rail can be achieved. India's higher-speed rail will be in the range of 160 and 200 km/h (100 and 125 mph). [7] On 3 July 2014, a trail run with the new top speeds of 160 km/h (100 mph) was successfully completed on a journey of 200 km (125 mi) between Delhi and Agra. The new service, operational since 5 April 2016, cut the travel time from 126 minutes (compared to standard trains) with a top speed of 160 km/h (99 mph) to 99 minutes. [140]

In 2019, the government approved 3 rapid regional railways including Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System with speeds up to 160 km/h. [141]

In June 2020, the government of Kerala approved the Thiruvananthapuram–Kasargode Semi High Speed Rail Corridor or Silver line, a Semi-High speed rail line connecting the state. [142]

In July 2021, the Government announced plans of making 10 new Vande Bharat Express Lines connecting Over 40 cities. This is planned to be done by 2022. [143]

Malaysia

A KTM Class 93 (Platinum service) arriving in Kuala Lumpur ETS EP arriving KLO.jpg
A KTM Class 93 (Platinum service) arriving in Kuala Lumpur

The KTM ETS is an inter-city rail service operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad utilizing electric multiple units. The KTM ETS is the second electric train service to be operated by the Malaysian railway company, after the KTM Komuter service.

Commencing in August 2010, the ETS is the fastest metre gauge train service in Malaysia and operates along the electrified and double-tracked stretch of the West Coast Line between Gemas and Padang Besar on the Malaysia-Thai border by the Malaysian national railway operator, Keretapi Tanah Melayu.

The rail service is operated by KTM Intercity Division. It was previously operated by ETS Sendirian Berhad, a fully owned subsidiary of Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad. The operation speed for this train is 140 km/h with the maximum possible speeds for the trains at 160 km/h.

New Zealand

Advocacy group Greater Auckland proposed the Regional Rapid Rail initiative in 2017, including tilt trains with a maximum speed of 160 km/h. [144] This network would link Auckland with Hamilton, Tauranga and Rotorua. In December 2018, the Government of New Zealand committed funding to reintroducing a five-year trial rail service between Papakura in southern Auckland to Hamilton, starting in 2020. [145]

Panama

China claimed to invest capitals into 160 km/h rail corridor, total length would be 491 km. [146]

Philippines

The state-owned Philippine National Railways plans to rebuild its historic South Main Line from Manila to the Bicol Region in the southeastern tip of Luzon. The agency will build 639 km (397 mi) of track, with the main line itself leading to Matnog, Sorsogon and a spur line leading to Batangas City. It will be a standard-gauge railway served by Chinese-built diesel multiple units with a maximum speed of 160 km/h (100 mph) and an average speed of 107 km/h (66 mph) including stops. [147] The project will start construction in mid-2020 and is set to open partially by 2022.

In January 2022, PNR general manager Junn Magno defined the agency's future high-speed rail projects to be electrified railways with a maximum speed of at least 200 km/h (120 mph). The high power costs and resulting expensive ticket prices resulted in the operation of high-speed rail in the country to be marked as infeasible. The agency then resorted to semi-high speed express trains for its new standard-gauge lines. [148]

United States

This is a partial list of ongoing higher-speed rail projects from the East Coast to the West Coast.

Corridor / SegmentLengthTop speedAvg speedCurrent statusNote
Boston, MA – Springfield, MA – Montreal, QC, Canada408 mi (657 km)90 mph (145 km/h)55 mph (89 km/h)Feasibility studyA study of higher-speed rail options with top speeds of 90 mph (145 km/h) in 3 sections along the route. [139] [149] [150]
New York City – Niagara Falls, NY463 mi (745 km)125 mph (200 km/h)85 mph (137 km/h) Tier 1 EIS Fully electrified track, and straightened Hudson River route. See [note 1]
Washington, DC – Richmond, VA115 mi (185 km)90 mph (145 km/h) Tier 2 EIS [152] [153] [154]
Richmond – Newport News, VA90 mph (145 km/h)Tier 1 EIS [154]
Richmond – Norfolk, VA110 mph (175 km/h)Tier 1 EIS [154]
Richmond, VA – Raleigh, NC160 mi (257 km)110 mph (175 km/h)87 mph (140 km/h)Tier 2 EISTop speeds from Richmond, VA, to south of Petersburg, VA, will be 90 mph (145 km/h) and changed to 110 mph (175 km/h) after that. [155]
Raleigh – Charlotte, NC180 mi (290 km)90 mph (145 km/h)Construction [154]
Charlotte, NC – Atlanta, GA245 mi (394 km)110 mph (175 km/h)Tier 1 EISA 110 mph (175 km/h) option is considered along with 150 mph (240 km/h) high-speed rail. [154]
Atlanta, GA – Macon, GA – Jacksonville, FL408 / 368 mi (657 / 592 km)90–100 / 130 mph (145–160 / 210 km/h)77 / 94 mph (124 / 151 km/h)Tier 1 EISSee [note 2]
Atlanta, GA – Chattanooga / Nashville, TN – Louisville, KY489 / 428 mi (787 / 689 km)90–100 / 130 mph (145–160 / 210 km/h)72 / 85 mph (116 / 137 km/h)Tier 1 EIS completedSee [note 2]
Atlanta, GA – Birmingham, AL176 / 150 mi (283 / 241 km)90–100 / 130 mph (145–160 / 210 km/h)64 / 90 mph (103 / 145 km/h)Tier 1 EISSee [note 2]
Atlanta, GA – Columbus, GA116 mi (187 km)79–110 mph (125–175 km/h)60 mph (97 km/h)Feasibility StudyHigher-speed rail was one of the 3 alternatives in the feasibility study completed in 2014. Funding is not yet available to begin Tier 1 EIS phase. [158]
Columbus, OH – Fort Wayne, Indiana – Chicago, IL300 mi (483 km)110 mph (175 km/h)Feasibility StudyInitial operating speeds up to 110 mph (175 km/h). [159] Study funded by local governments and organizations, not by state governments. [160]
Ann Arbor, MI – Traverse City, MI250 mi (402 km)90–110 mph (145–175 km/h)Feasibility StudyThree alternatives with 2 higher-speed rail alternatives at top speeds of 90 mph (145 km/h) and 110 mph (175 km/h) [161]
Kalamazoo, MI – Albion, MI45 mi (72 km)110 mph (175 km/h)Operation starts May 25, 2021 [162]
Chicago, IL – Milwaukee, WI86 mi (138 km)90 mph (145 km/h)59 mph (95 km/h)Environmental AssessmentThe top speeds of 90 mph (145 km/h) is one of the alternatives under consideration. [163]
Chicago, IL – Omaha, NE (via Iowa)474–516 mi (763–830 km)110 mph (175 km/h)Tier 1 EIS [126] [127]
Minneapolis – Duluth, MN152 mi (245 km)90 mph (145 km/h)Environmental Assessment completedKnown as Northern Lights Express, received Finding Of No Significant Impact on Tier 2 Environmental Assessment in February 2018, and cleared to seek federal funding for design and construction. [164]
St. Louis, MO – Kansas City, MO283 mi (455 km) [165] 90 mph (145 km/h)ConstructionNew sidings between Jefferson City and Lee's Summit for 90 mph (145 km/h) service [166]
Oklahoma City, OK – San Antonio, TX850 mi (1,368 km)110 mph (175 km/h)Feasibility StudySee [note 3]
Dallas/Fort Worth – Houston, TX239 mi (385 km)110 mph (175 km/h)Feasibility StudySee [note 3]
Phoenix – Tucson, AZ120 mi (193 km)125 mph (200 km/h)66 mph (106 km/h)Tier 1 EIS completedThree alternatives finalized by Arizona Department of Transportation. [168] The Yellow Corridor Alternative was selected as the preferred alternative at the completion of Tier 1 EIS. [169]
Notes
  1. ↑ The study includes higher-speed rail alternatives with top speeds of 90 (145) (options A and B) and 110 mph (175 km/h). It also has high-speed rail options with top speeds of 125 (200), 160 (255) and 220 mph (355 km/h). As of March 2012, the Tier 1 EIS has eliminated the high-speed rail options, except for the 125 mph option. The numbers on the table represent the 125 mph alternative. The other alternatives are for non-electrified track with average speeds of 57 mph (92 km/h) (for 90A option), 61 (98) (for 90B option), and 63 (101) (for 110 option). [151]
  2. 1 2 3 The study includes two main alternatives for higher-speed rail. The first alternative is called Shared Use with top speeds of 90–110 mph (145–175 km/h). The second alternative is called Hybrid High Performance with top speeds of 130 mph (210 km/h) (however it would be classified as high-speed rail). There are also high-speed rail alternatives in the same study with top speeds of 180–220+ mph (290–355+ km/h). The numbers on the table represent the first two alternatives. [156] Federal Railroad Administration signed the Final EIS and Record of Decision in September 2017 to formally complete the Tier 1 EIS process for Atlanta to Chattanooga route. [157]
  3. 1 2 The study includes higher-speed rail up to 110 mph (175 km/h) and high-speed rail of 150+ mph (240+ km/h) options. [167]

Proposed routes

In addition to ongoing projects, there are proposed routes that have not reached the feasibility study stage yet. In Pennsylvania, a rail advocacy group started fund raising efforts in 2014 to obtain $25,000 for a preliminary study and additional $100,000 for feasibility study of the route from Erie to Pittsburgh. The proposal is for 110 mph (175 km/h) express train services to directly link the two cities. An alternative is to have intermediate stops in Ohio cities including Ashtabula, Warren, and Youngstown before heading back to New Castle, Pennsylvania. [170]

In Ohio, a rail advocacy group works with local political leaders in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois to consider a higher-speed rail line from Cincinnati to Chicago. This is in response to another advocacy group in Indiana that gained funding for the Columbus, Ohio – Fort Wayne – Chicago route that is already in feasibility study stage. The group persuaded the Hamilton County government in Ohio to advocate for the study. [171] The county commissioners unanimously voted in September 2014 to pursue a feasibility study. As a possible route that goes through the states of Kentucky and Indiana, the county expects that Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Regional Council of Governments will help fund a feasibility study. [172]

In Michigan, a feasibility study sponsored by an environmental group is in progress for a new rail line between Detroit and Grand Rapids. The proposal is to have trains running at speeds between 79 and 110 mph (127 and 177 km/h). The state transportation department is interested in the study but is not ready to move beyond this study. [173]

In Texas, the East Texas Corridor Council proposed a higher-speed rail route between Longview and Dallas. The trains will operate at speeds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and 110 mph (175 km/h). [174]

Vietnam

In 2018, Vietnam planned to build a higher-speed rail line in the northern part of the country to link between Haiphong, Hanoi, and Lào Cai which is then connected to China. The 391-kilometre (243 mi) line will run parallel to the existing regular speed railway. The top speeds for the new services will be up to 160 km/h (100 mph). [175]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">High-speed rail</span> Fastest rail-based transport systems

High-speed rail (HSR) is a type of rail transport network utilizing trains that run significantly faster than those of traditional rail, using an integrated system of specialized rolling stock and dedicated tracks. While there is no single standard that applies worldwide, lines built to handle speeds above 250 km/h (155 mph) or upgraded lines in excess of 200 km/h (125 mph) are widely considered to be high-speed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rail transport in India</span>

Rail transport in India consists of primarily of passenger and freight shipments along an integrated rail network. Indian Railways (IR), a statutory body under the ownership of the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India, operates India's national railway system. It is the primary owner and operator of rail operations throughout the country including suburban rail in major metros.

<i>Acela</i> Intercity rail service operated by Amtrak in the northeastern United States

The Acela is Amtrak's flagship passenger train service along the Northeast Corridor (NEC) in the Northeastern United States between Washington, D.C. and Boston via 13 intermediate stops, including Baltimore, New York City and Philadelphia. Acela trains are the fastest in the Americas, reaching 150 miles per hour (240 km/h), but only over 49.9 miles (80.3 km) of the 457-mile (735 km) route.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northeast Corridor</span> Electrified railroad line in the Northeastern U.S.

The Northeast Corridor (NEC) is an electrified railroad line in the Northeast megalopolis of the United States. Owned primarily by Amtrak, it runs from Boston in the north to Washington, D.C., in the south, with major stops in Providence, New Haven, Stamford, New York City, Newark, Trenton, Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore. The NEC is roughly paralleled by Interstate 95 for most of its length. Carrying more than 2,200 trains a day, it is the busiest passenger rail line in the United States by ridership and service frequency.

<i>Ethan Allen Express</i> Intercity rail service in the United States

The Ethan Allen Express is a daily passenger train operated by Amtrak in the United States between New York City and Burlington, Vermont, via Albany, New York. One daily round trip is operated on a 310-mile (500 km) north–south route with a 7-hour 35 minute scheduled running time. The train is subsidized by New York and Vermont for the portion north of Albany. It is named for Vermont cofounder and American Revolutionary War hero Ethan Allen.

<i>Lincoln Service</i> Amtrak service between Chicago, IL and St. Louis, MO

The Lincoln Service is a 284-mile (457 km) higher-speed rail service operated by Amtrak that runs between Chicago, Illinois and St. Louis, Missouri. The train is a part of the Illinois Service and is partially funded by the Illinois Department of Transportation. The train uses the same route as the long-distance Texas Eagle, which continues to San Antonio and Los Angeles. A connection with the Kansas City-bound Missouri River Runner is available in St. Louis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor</span> Proposed passenger rail project in the United States

The Southeast Corridor (SEC) is a proposed passenger rail transportation project in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States to extend high-speed passenger rail services from the current southern terminus of the Northeast Corridor in Washington, D.C. Routes would extend south via Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia, with a spur to Norfolk in Virginia's Hampton Roads region; the mainline would continue south to Raleigh, Durham, Greensboro, and Charlotte, North Carolina. Since the corridor was first established in 1992, the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) has extended it further to Atlanta and Macon, Georgia; Greenville and Columbia, South Carolina; Jacksonville, Florida; and Birmingham, Alabama.

Various terms are used for passenger railway lines and equipment; the usage of these terms differs substantially between areas:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">High-speed rail in the United States</span>

Plans for high-speed rail in the United States date back to the High-Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965. Various state and federal proposals have followed. Despite being one of the world's first countries to get high-speed trains, it failed to spread. Definitions of what constitutes high-speed rail vary, including a range of speeds over 110 mph (180 km/h) and dedicated rail lines. Inter-city rail with top speeds between 90 and 125 mph is sometimes referred to in the United States as higher-speed rail.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New York high-speed rail</span> Overview of proposals for high-speed rail in the US state of New York

High-speed rail in New York has been a topic that is consistently discussed among legislators, political leaders and in particular, several past governors since the 1990s, but thus far little progress has been made. In his campaign speeches prior to his defeat by Governor George Pataki in 1994, Mario Cuomo promised to bring high speed (maglev) rail up the Hudson Valley and along the Catskill Mountains route. It was not a priority for the subsequent administration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">High-speed rail in Canada</span>

Several plans have been proposed for high-speed rail in Canada, the only G7 country that does not have any high-speed/higher-speed rail lines. In the press and popular discussion, there have been two routes frequently proposed as suitable for a high-speed rail corridor: Edmonton to Calgary via Red Deer and Windsor to Quebec City via London, Kitchener-Waterloo, Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal.

<i>Wolverine</i> (train) Amtrak service between Chicago, Illinois, and Pontiac, Michigan

The Wolverine is a higher-speed passenger train service operated by Amtrak as part of its Michigan Services. The 304-mile (489 km) line provides three daily round-trips between Chicago and Pontiac, Michigan, via Ann Arbor and Detroit. It carries a heritage train name descended from the New York Central Railroad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">High-speed rail in Australia</span>

High-speed rail in Australia has been under investigation since the early 1980s. Every federal government since this time has investigated the feasibility of constructing high-speed rail with speeds above 200 km/h, but to date nothing has ever gone beyond the detailed planning stage. Various corridors have been proposed for a potential high-speed line. The most commonly suggested route is between Australia's two largest cities, Sydney and Melbourne, which, as of 2023, is the world's sixth busiest air corridor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">High-speed rail in Europe</span>

High-speed rail (HSR) has developed in Europe as an increasingly popular and efficient means of transport. The first high-speed rail lines on the continent, built in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, improved travel times on intra-national corridors.

The Northern Lights Express (NLX) project is a planned higher-speed rail service that would run 155 miles (249 km) between Minneapolis and Duluth primarily in the U.S. state of Minnesota. A portion of the proposed line would run through neighboring Wisconsin to serve Duluth's "Twin Port" of Superior. Plans are to upgrade an existing BNSF Railway freight line to allow trains to travel at up to 90 miles per hour (145 km/h). The train service would provide an alternative to travel along Interstate 35 corridor between Duluth and the Twin Cities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rail speed limits in the United States</span> Overview of rail speed limits in the United States of America

Rail speed limits in the United States are regulated by the Federal Railroad Administration. Railroads also implement their own limits and enforce speed limits. Speed restrictions are based on a number of factors including curvature, signaling, track condition, and the presence of grade crossings. Like road speed limits in the United States, speed limits for tracks and trains are measured in miles per hour (mph).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">High-speed rail in India</span>

Indian Railways operates India's railway system and comes under the purview of the Ministry of Railways of Government of India. As of 2023, it maintains over 108,706 km (67,547 mi) of tracks and operates over 13,000 trains daily. According to the Ministry of Railways, a route capable of supporting trains operating at more than 160 km/h (100 mph) is considered as a higher speed or semi-high speed rail line.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harbin–Dalian high-speed railway</span> Chinese high-speed rail corridor

The Harbin–Dalian high-speed railway or Hada High-Speed Railway is a high-speed rail line connecting Harbin, Heilongjiang and Dalian, Liaoning. Construction work began on August 23, 2007 and the first commercial services began operating in December 1, 2012, nearly one year behind schedule. The line is the world's first alpine high-speed railway operating at high latitudes and low temperatures in winter. The trains can continue operating even with snow on the line and the tracks are fitted with de-icing technology. The project cost CN¥95 billion, which was 25% more than the original budget.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Avelia Liberty</span> High-speed train from Alstom for North America

Avelia Liberty is a tilting high-speed passenger train built for the North American market by French manufacturer Alstom and assembled in the United States. Amtrak has ordered 28 train sets for use on its flagship Acela service along the Northeast Corridor between Boston, New York, and Washington, promising higher frequency and capacity than the first-generation Acela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acela Express (trainset)</span> Trainset used on the Acela, Amtraks high-speed Northeast Corridor service

The first-generation Acela Express trainset is a unique set of vehicles used on the Acela, Amtrak's flagship high-speed service along the Northeast Corridor (NEC) in the Northeastern United States. When they debuted in 2000, the sets were the fastest in the Americas, reaching 150 mph (240 km/h) on 33.9 mi (54.6 km) of the route. They were built between 1998 and 2001 by a consortium of Alstom and Bombardier. Each set has two power cars derived from units that Alstom built for the TGV, and six passenger cars derived from the LRC that Bombardier built for Via Rail.

References

  1. ↑ Bowen, Douglas John (27 August 2012). "U.S. HSR accelerates". Railway Age. Archived from the original on 1 October 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  2. ↑ "H.R.4361 – National High Performance Passenger Rail Transportation-Oriented Development Act of 2012 [ permanent dead link ]" 112th Congress of the United States. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  3. ↑ Clayton, Mark (21 August 2012). "Obama plan for high-speed rail, after hitting a bump, chugs forward again". Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 9 October 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  4. ↑ [ dead link ]
  5. 1 2 3 "Ms. Helena Borges (Director General, Surface Transportation Policy, Department of Transport) at the Transport, Infrastructure and Communities Committee". Canada Parliament. 12 May 2009. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  6. ↑ Safety of High Speed Ground Transportation Systems (PDF) (Report). Federal Railroad Administration. December 1994. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  7. 1 2 3 "Railway Minister Launches High Speed Rail Corporation of India Limited (HSRC)". Disha Diary. 29 October 2013. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
  8. ↑ "India-China to collaborate on building semi-high speed rail". The Economic Times. 29 March 2014. Archived from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  9. ↑ Hahn, Johannes (11 November 2013). "From Passengers to Captains of Europe's Baltic Sea Strategy" (PDF). 4th Annual Forum on the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region. European Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
  10. ↑ "40th Parliament, 2nd Session Standing Committee on Transport, Infrastructure and Communities". Canada Parliament. 9 June 2009. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  11. 1 2 "Section 5 Rail Transportation" (PDF). Congestion Management Process (CMP). North Central Texas Council of Governments. p. V-14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  12. ↑ Thoren, Thomas (9 December 2012). "Team Studies Track Components for Shared-Use Rail Lines". University of Illinois. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  13. ↑ Thompson, Louis S. (October 1994). "High-Speed Rail (HSR) in the United States – Why Isn't There More?" (PDF). Japan Railway & Transport Review: 37. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  14. ↑ Galuszka, Peter (13 June 2011). "The other reason Virginia didn't seek rail money (WP Opinions)". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  15. ↑ "Written evidence from Paul Atkins (HSR 07)". UK House of Commons – Transport Committee. Archived from the original on 11 January 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  16. ↑ Lind, William (11 May 2011). "Run a Train That's Fast Enough". Engineering News-Record. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  17. ↑ "Higher Speed Rail in North Carolina and Virginia: Lengthening and Strengthening the Northeast Corridor (NEC)" (PDF). Regional Transportation Alliance. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  18. ↑ "FAQ". The Cascadia High Speed Rail. Archived from the original on 24 August 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  19. 1 2 3 "Tier I Draft Environmental Impact Statement: Open House and Public Hearing" (PDF). Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  20. ↑ "High-Speed Rail Strategic Plan" (PDF). Federal Railroad Administration. April 2009. p. 10. Archived from the original on 7 January 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 "The Development of High Speed Rail in the United States: Issues and Recent Events" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 May 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  22. ↑ "Next-Generation Rail Supply Chain Connectivity Forum, Sacramento, California". National Institute of Standards and Technology and Manufacturing Extension Partnership. 8 February 2012. p. 6. Archived from the original on 25 September 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  23. ↑ "State Aviation System Plan" (PDF). Minnesota Department of Transportation. July 2013. p. 200. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  24. 1 2 "Types of passenger rail" (PDF). Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study Newsletter. 2 (1): 2. Winter 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  25. 1 2 "Deliverable No. 12 – Review of Impacts of HSR on the Transportation System within the Corridor" (PDF). Updated Feasibility Study of a High Speed Rail Service in the Québec City – Windsor Corridor. Ministère des Transports du Québec, Ontario Ministry of Transportation, and Transport Canada. November 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  26. ↑ "Code of Federal Regulations – Title 49 – Transportation". Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
  27. ↑ "Chapter 5 Track Safety Standards Classes 1 through 5" (PDF). Track Safety Standards Compliance Manual. Federal Railroad Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  28. ↑ "Chapter 6 Track Safety Standards Classes 6 through 9, p. 6.13" (PDF). Track Compliance Manual. Federal Railroad Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2003. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  29. ↑ High Speed Passenger Rail Safety Strategy (PDF). Federal Railroad Administration. 2009. p. 23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  30. 1 2 "High-Speed Grade Crossings". Federal Railroad Administration. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
  31. ↑ "Ten Years of Work Needed Before New Trains Can Reach Top Speed". Estonian Public Broadcasting. 21 May 2013. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  32. ↑ Kartläggning av plankorsningar – B05-690/TR00 (Swedish) (PDF). Banverket. 30 June 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  33. ↑ "High-Speed Russian Train Stirs Anger". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. 12 July 2010. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  34. ↑ Hoover, Ryan (20 July 2006). "Mini-Shinkansen: How East Japan Railway Co. extended high-speed rail without huge infrastructure expenditures" (PDF). BayRail Alliance. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  35. 1 2 "High Speed Lines in the World" (PDF). International Union of Railways. 1 September 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 November 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  36. ↑ Semmens, Peter (1997). High Speed in Japan: Shinkansen – The World's Busiest High-speed Railway. Sheffield, UK: Platform 5 Publishing. ISBN   1-872524-88-5.
  37. ↑ "AVE-Long Distance Products". Renfe. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
  38. ↑ Holtung, Siri (18 May 2011). "Høyhastighet eller høy hastighet? Vestfoldbanen 2026" [High-speed or high speed? The Vestfold track 2026]. Byavisa Sandefjord (in Norwegian Bokmål). Archived from the original on 6 May 2016.
  39. ↑ http://www.jernbaneverket.no/Jernbanen/Banene/Gardermobanen/ Archived 27 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine ; in Norwegian
  40. ↑ http://www.nmj.no/1000366.html Archived 6 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine ; in Norwegian
  41. ↑ e.g. http://www.sb.no/nyheter/nyheter/for-hoy-togtut/s/2-2.428-1.7540611 Archived 19 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine ; in Norwegian
  42. ↑ "Getting around Sweden by Train". VisitSweden. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
  43. ↑ "Our trains". SJ AB. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  44. ↑ "Rail Safety Tips". North County Transit District. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  45. ↑ Starcic, Janna (17 June 2016). "Maryland's MARC Railroad Upgrades Fleet, Service to Bolster Ridership". Metro Magazine. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  46. ↑ SMA Rail Consulting (April 2016). "California Passenger Rail Network Schematics" (PDF). California Department of Transportation.
  47. ↑ 2016 RTP/SCS Passenger Rail Appendix (PDF). Southern California Association of Governments. December 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  48. ↑ Caltrain Modernization Program (PDF). Transbay Joint Powers Authority Citizen Advisory Group. 14 January 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  49. 1 2 Marchant, Kevin. "The Regional Fast Rail Project – A Technical Focus" (PDF). Australian Construction Achievement Award. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  50. ↑ "Pacific Surfliner Corridor Los Angeles to San Diego – Service Development Plan" (PDF). California Department of Transportation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  51. ↑ "Positive Train Control Overview". Federal Railroad Administration. 7 June 2012. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  52. ↑ Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit Project SCH #2002112033 Concrete Rail Ties CEQA Addendum to 2006 FEIR (PDF). Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit District. January 2011. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  53. ↑ "At a Glance: Railway Sleeper Materials". Railway-technology.com. 6 August 2010. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  54. ↑ "Continuous welded rails strengthen network". Creamer's Media Engineering News. 27 June 2014. Archived from the original on 17 November 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  55. ↑ Deveney, Thomas J. (19 March 2004). "Regional Fast Rail – Project Overview". IRSE Technical Convention. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  56. ↑ Technical Monograph: Transportation Planning for the Richmond–Charlotte Railroad Corridor (FRA/RDV-04/02) (PDF) (Volume II ed.). Federal Railroad Administration. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 September 2012.
  57. ↑ "AMTRAK REQUESTS LESS FEDERAL OPERATING SUPPORT" (PDF). Amtrak Press Release. 3 February 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  58. ↑ "Automatic Train Control and Advanced Civil Speed Enforcement System; Northeast Corridor Railroads" (PDF). Federal Railroad Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  59. ↑ "Track improvements: Raleigh – Greensboro". NCDOT. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  60. ↑ "TRT 909". IDOT High Speed Rail. Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  61. ↑ "TRT-909 Track Renewal System". Harsco Rail. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  62. ↑ "Catenary Improvements Continue on Metro-North's New Haven Line". MTA. Archived from the original on 27 September 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  63. ↑ "Sealed Corridor Program". NCDOT. Archived from the original on 1 September 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  64. ↑ http://www.jernbaneverket.no/Sikkerhet/Planovergangar/Der-vei-krysser-jernbane/ Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine ; in Norwegian
  65. ↑ "WSDOT Summary of Track 1 Projects" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  66. ↑ Freeman, Richard; Cooper, Hal. "Why Electrified Rail Is Superior". 21st Century (Summer 2005): 28.
  67. ↑ "Current Developments in UK Rail: An Electrifying Future". Railway-technology.com. 9 December 2010. Archived from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  68. ↑ Yadav, Anil (4 February 2013). "Traction choices: overhead ac vs third rail dc". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  69. ↑ Cotey, Angela. "Keystone Corridor". Progressive Railroading. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
  70. ↑ "Results of special audits and other investigations, August 2006". Auditor General Victoria. Archived from the original on 18 September 2006. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
  71. ↑ "Travelling on the Tilt Train linking Brisbane and Rockhampton in Queensland". Explore Australia by rail with an Australian rail pass. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  72. ↑ "Kalgoorlie celebrates launch of new Prospector". Public Transport Authority (Western Australia) . Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  73. ↑ "???". The Australian . Archived from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  74. ↑ Annual Report June 1999 (PDF). Brisbane: Queensland Rail. 1999. p. 53. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
  75. ↑ QR Tilt Train Sets Australian Rail Speed Record Railway Digest June 1999 page 15
  76. ↑ "铁路安全管理条例". gov.cn. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  77. ↑ "中国国家铁路集团有限公司". Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  78. ↑ "20日起金山铁路动车组车次全面更新 列车时刻保持不变". 19 January 2021.
  79. 1 2 "Railway Infrastructure". OSE SA. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  80. ↑ "Delhi-Agra semi-high speed train to be named Gatimaan Express". The Hindu. PTI. 12 October 2014. ISSN   0971-751X. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  81. ↑ Nair, Binoo (30 September 2016). "Mumbai-Goa route gets Railways' premium train Tejas". DNA India. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  82. ↑ "Madurai-Chennai Tejas Express flagged off! After Vande Bharat, it's the swankiest Indian Railways train". The Financial Express. 1 March 2019. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  83. ↑ Ray, Anulekha (4 October 2019). "India's first private train Lucknow-Delhi Tejas Express flagged off today". mint. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  84. ↑ Desk, RailPost News (17 January 2020). "Ahmedabad-Mumbai Tejas Express To Be Flagged Off Today – RailPost.in". Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.{{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  85. ↑ Tyagi, Harshita. "Western Railway runs Mumbai–New Delhi Rajdhani Express with new Tejas-like smart sleeper coaches". Times Now. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  86. ↑ "The Incredibles". Mumbai Mirror. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  87. ↑ Livemint (1 September 2021). "Railways starts Patna-New Delhi Rajdhani Express with Tejas rake from today". mint. Archived from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
  88. ↑ "India's fastest to be called Vande Bharat Express". Indian Express. Archived from the original on 28 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  89. 1 2 "Train 18, India's first engine-less train, set to hit tracks on October 29", The Indian Express , 24 October 2018, archived from the original on 6 November 2018, retrieved 9 December 2020
  90. ↑ Prabhakar, Siddarth (23 October 2018). "First Made-in-India engineless train gets on track for trial run – Times of India". The Times of India . Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  91. ↑ Arora, Rajat (16 March 2018). "Made-in-India 160 km per hour train to run from June". The Economic Times . New Delhi, India. Archived from the original on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  92. ↑ PTI (7 February 2019). "Train 18: PM Modi to flag off Vande Bharat Express on February 15 from New Delhi". Business Today. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  93. ↑ "Minister of Railways & Coal Shri Piyush Goyal Announces 'Vande Bharat Express'". Press Information Bureau, India. Archived from the original on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  94. ↑ "Vande Bharat trains: Soon, 44 more semi-high speed trains on Indian Railways network; check details". The Financial Express. 8 July 2020. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
  95. ↑ Livemint (30 September 2022). "New Vande Bharat Express flagged off by PM. Know routes, timings, other details". mint. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  96. ↑ "PM Modi to flag off Vande Bharat Express in Himachal Pradesh's Una today". Indian Express. 12 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  97. ↑ "Train 18: PM Modi to flag off Vande Bharat Express on February 15 from New Delhi". Business Today. 7 February 2019. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
  98. 1 2 "Pics: Train 18 To Begin Trial Run Today. Here Are 10 Things To Know". NDTV Profit . NDTV. 29 October 2018. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  99. ↑ "T 18: Train with a brain is Railways 'engineering marvel'". United News of India . 14 November 2018. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  100. ↑ "Self-propelled Train 18 debuts for trial run". United News of India . 29 October 2018. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  101. ↑ "INDIAN RAILWAY CATERING & TOURISM CORPORATION LTD". Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  102. ↑ "China-Laos Railway starts operation". www.news.cn. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  103. ↑ "Laos hopes for economic boost from Chinese-built railway". France 24. 28 November 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  104. ↑ "China and Laos open $6 billion high-speed rail link". Reuters. 3 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  105. ↑ "China-Laos railway – a guide to the Boten-Vientiane railway in Laos". Future Southeast Asia. 4 August 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  106. ↑ "High speed rail coming to Laos". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  107. ↑ "Amtrak System Timetable: Updated June 2018" (PDF). 1 June 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  108. ↑ Vantuono, William C. (29 September 2014). "ACS-64 technical support agreement under way". Railway Age. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  109. ↑ "AMTRAK RUNS TEST TRAINS OF UP TO 110 MPH IN PREPARATION FOR THE LAUNCH OF THE HARTFORD LINE ON JUNE 16" (Press release). Connecticut Department of Transportation. 6 June 2018. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  110. 1 2 Davis, Wynne; Hoeffner, Tim (4 August 2014). "2014 FRA Rail Program Delivery: MICHIGAN T.O. 5 Midwest". Federal Rail Administration. Archived from the original on 7 October 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  111. ↑ "AMTRAK 110 MPH MICHIGAN SERVICE GIVEN GREEN LIGHT" (PDF). Amtrak MDOT Press Release. 7 February 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  112. ↑ Magliari, Marc (3 May 2023). "110 mph Schedules Coming for Amtrak Chicago-St. Louis Corridor". Amtrak Media. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  113. ↑ Texas Eagle
  114. ↑ Wolfe, Thomas (27 July 2005). "Passengers on Amtrak's Southwest Chief Experience a Community Away From Home". Red Orbit. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  115. ↑ "Regional Transportation Plan 2012–2035" (PDF). Southern California Association of Governments. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 January 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  116. ↑ "T21 Midterm Review" (PDF). Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (Ireland). November 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
  117. 1 2 3 Lambert, Lisa (9 December 2010). "U.S. yanks high-speed rail funds for Wisconsin and Ohio". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  118. ↑ "Rejected by Florida, U.S. reallocates $2 billion for high-speed rail". CNN. 10 May 2011. Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  119. ↑ "Washington to get $590 million for high-speed rail improvements". The Seattle Times. 27 January 2010. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  120. ↑ "High-Speed Rail Program". WSDOT. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  121. ↑ "Corridor Forum Meeting #1 – Summary" (PDF). Oregon Passenger Rail – Eugene Portland. Oregon Passenger Rail. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  122. ↑ Levy, Paul (29 June 2014). "Plans for $1B rail line from Minneapolis to Duluth chugging along". Star Tribune West Metro. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  123. ↑ "River Route: Twin Cities to Chicago". Minnesota High-Speed Rail. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  124. ↑ "Dayton has hopes for high-speed rail in Minn". Minnesota Public Radio. 25 February 2011. Archived from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  125. ↑ "Branstad kills Iowa involvement in high-speed rail". The Daily Iowan. 22 August 2011. Archived from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  126. 1 2 "Tier 1 Service Level EIS: Chapter 2 – Alternatives" (PDF). Chicago to Council Bluffs-Omaha Regional Passenger Rail System Planning Study. Iowa Department of Transportation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 September 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  127. 1 2 "Omaha to Chicago (and possibly through Iowa City) Railway Route Study to Kick off this Month". Iowa City Patch. 6 February 2012. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  128. ↑ Kaplan, Thomas (31 May 2012). "For Sale: 4 Weedy, Rusty Relics of a Doomed Rail Project". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 February 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
  129. ↑ Woodruff, Cathy (28 May 2005). "Express rail plan hits end of line". Times Union . Archived from the original on 19 August 2014.
  130. ↑ Woodruff, Cathy (13 December 2007). "Track cleared for upgrades; State suit settled; Amtrak to pay $20M, make improvements". Times Union . Archived from the original on 11 November 2014.
  131. ↑ Karlin, Rick (13 December 2012). "State's rusting trains sell for $420,000". Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
  132. ↑ "The Ohio & Lake Erie Regional Rail Ohio Hub Study: Technical Memorandum & Business Plan" (PDF). The Ohio Hub. Ohio Department of Transportation. July 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  133. ↑ "Chapter 6: Intercity Passenger Rail" (PDF). Wisconsin Rail Plan 2030. Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  134. ↑ "Wisconsin Rail Plan 2030 – Draft plan". Wisconsin Rail Plan 2030. Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  135. ↑ "Rail Baltica Final Report Volume I" (PDF). AECOM Limited. May 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
  136. ↑ "Welcome to Milan's World". Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
  137. ↑ "Masse Rolls Out Need for Speed Campaign". Office of Brian Masse. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  138. ↑ "Windsor politicians disagree with rail study". CBCNews. 18 October 2012. Archived from the original on 24 October 2011. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  139. 1 2 Preliminary Service Options Performance Report (PDF). Northern New England Intercity Rail Initiative (Report). massDOT. April 2014. p. 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  140. ↑ Singh, Mahendra (4 July 2014). "Delhi to Agra in 99 minutes; train hits 160 kmph on trial run". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  141. ↑ "Over Rs 30,000 Crore Cleared For Delhi-Meerut High-Speed Rail Corridor". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  142. ↑ Radhakrishnan, S. Anil (9 June 2020). "K-Rail revises alignment of section". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  143. ↑ "Indian Railways gears up to roll out 10 trains to link 40 cities in Vande Bharat boost: Report". Hindustan Times. 18 July 2021. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  144. ↑ "High-speed Auckland to Rotorua rail link proposed". NZ Herald. 18 August 2017. Archived from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
  145. ↑ "Tron Express launch date pushed back". Hamilton News. 31 May 2019. p. 4. Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
  146. ↑ "China in Panama: High-speed rail, mega infrastructure news + more". 28 September 2018. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  147. ↑ "Towards Improving Connectivity Between the Bicol and Calabarzon Regions". nro5.neda.gov.ph. National Economic and Development Authority. Archived from the original on 14 November 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  148. ↑ PNR Bicol Express Train (Junn Magno's Interview on Dos Por Dos). DZRH, via Jessv PH on Youtube. 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  149. ↑ "Public Meetings White River, VT & Springfield, MA January 22 and 23, 2014" (PDF). Northern New England Intercity Rail Initiative. massDOT. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  150. ↑ "Stakeholder Meeting Pioneer Valley Planning Commission May 7, 2014" (PDF). Northern New England Intercity Rail Initiative. massDOT. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  151. ↑ "Online Briefing Winter 2011 ‐ 2012" (PDF). High Speed Rail Empire Corridor Project. New York Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
  152. ↑ "Virginia-North Carolina Interstate High-Speed Rail Compact: Lengthening and Strengthening the Northeast Corridor (NEC) – April 20, 2012" (PDF). Regional Transport Alliance. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  153. ↑ "Public to Weigh in on D.C. to Richmond Higher Speed Passenger Rail". U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration Press Release. 6 October 2014. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  154. 1 2 3 4 5 Randy Brown; Jason Orthner (4 August 2014). 2014 FRA Rail Program Delivery: Southeast Region (Report). Federal Railroad Administration. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  155. ↑ Recommendation Report: Southeast High Speed Rail Richmond, VA to Raleigh, NC, Tier II Environmental Impact Statement (PDF) (Report). DRPT and NCDOT. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  156. ↑ "Executive Summary: Atlanta Birmingham Corridor" (PDF). Tier 1 EIS. Georgia Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 November 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
  157. ↑ Tier 1 Combined Final Environmental Impact Statement and Record of Decision (Tier 1 FEIS/ROD). Federal Railroad Administration. 12 September 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2017.[ permanent dead link ]
  158. ↑ Columbus to Atlanta High Speed Rail Feasibility Study – Final Report (PDF). Columbus Consolidated Government. February 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  159. ↑ Barrow, Keith (18 July 2013). "Columbus – Chicago passenger rail study published". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  160. ↑ LeDuc, Doug (9 March 2012). "Support for passenger rail study gains steam". FW Daily News. Archived from the original on 20 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  161. ↑ Dawsey, Chastity Pratt (17 April 2018). "Plans on track for passenger train from Ann Arbor to Traverse City, group says". Bridge. Archived from the original on 21 April 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  162. ↑ "Amtrak Midwest trains get green light to increase max speed on Michigan route". Progressive Railroading. 18 May 2021. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  163. ↑ "Chicago-Milwaukee Environmental Assessment & Service Development Plan: Agency Stakeholder Meeting" (PDF). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. 2 December 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
  164. ↑ Northern Lights Express Passenger Rail Project from Minneapolis to Duluth, Minnesota Finding of No Significant Impact and Section 4(f) Determination. Federal Railroad Administration. 20 February 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018.[ permanent dead link ]
  165. ↑ "March 2011 Narrative Application Form – Individual PE/NEPA, Part I: MO-KC to STL Corridor-Pleasant Hill to Jefferson City (90 mph) PE/NEPA" (PDF). Missouri Department of Transportation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  166. ↑ "Show Me Improved Rail Service" (PDF). Missouri Department of Transportation. April 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  167. ↑ "Coordination with TxDOT on Two Federally-Funded High Speed Rail Corridor Studies (July 22, 2011)" (PDF). North Central Texas Council of Governments. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  168. ↑ "Final Alternatives 2013" (PDF). Arizona Department of Transportation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  169. ↑ Arizona Passenger Rail Corridor Study – Tucson to Phoenix: Record of Decision. Arizona Department of Transportation. 1 December 2016. Archived from the original on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  170. ↑ Barron, Sean (5 September 2014). "Eastgate advisory board talks about high-speed rail service". The Vindicator. Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  171. ↑ Williams, Jason (23 September 2014). "High-speed rail to Chicago sought". Cincinnati.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  172. ↑ "Hamilton County Commissioners Back High-Speed Rail". WKRC TV. 25 September 2014. Archived from the original on 29 September 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  173. ↑ Fleming, Leonard N. (21 July 2015). "Grand Rapids, Detroit train idea taking shape". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on 16 August 2015. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  174. ↑ Jones, Peggy. "A bullet train in East Texas? Company plans to build Dallas-Houston route". News Journal, Longview, Texas. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  175. ↑ "Vietnam plans to build faster railway to China border". VietnameNet Bridge. 9 April 2018. Archived from the original on 22 April 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.