Western Australian Government Railways

Last updated

Western Australian Government Railways
Agency overview
Formed1 October 1890
Preceding agency
  • Department of Works & Railways
Dissolved30 June 2003
Superseding agency
Jurisdiction Western Australia
Headquarters Public Transport Centre
Key document
DB1588 Forrestfield, 1986, in the orange and blue livery DB1588 Forrestfield, 1986.JPG
DB1588 Forrestfield, 1986, in the orange and blue livery
S2106 in the yellow and blue livery S2106 Full Westrail Yellow.jpg
S2106 in the yellow and blue livery

Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) was the state owned operator of railways in the state of Western Australia between October 1890 and June 2003. Owned by the state government, it was renamed a number of times to reflect extra responsibility for tram and ferry operations that it assumed and later relinquished. Westrail was the trading name of the WAGR from September 1975 until December 2000, when the WAGR's freight division and the Westrail brand were privatised. Its remaining passenger operations were transferred to the Public Transport Authority in July 2003.

Contents

History of operations

Preserved S542 at the Public Transport Centre in April 2006 WAGR 542 (5361066016).jpg
Preserved S542 at the Public Transport Centre in April 2006
Preserved C1702 at the Hotham Valley Railway in September 2011 in the original diesel livery Locomotive C1702.jpg
Preserved C1702 at the Hotham Valley Railway in September 2011 in the original diesel livery
J104 at Forrestfield in March 1986 in Westrail livery J104 Forrestfield, 1986.JPG
J104 at Forrestfield in March 1986 in Westrail livery
The Prospector crossing the Swan River at Guildford in April 1986 Prospector Guildford, 1986.JPG
The Prospector crossing the Swan River at Guildford in April 1986

The WAGR had its origins in 1879, when the Department of Works & Railways was established. [1]

The first government railway line in Western Australia opened on 26 July 1879, between Geraldton and Northampton. It was followed by the Eastern Railway from Fremantle to Guildford via Perth on 1 March 1881. [2] [3] The WAGR adopted the narrow gauge of 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) to reduce construction costs.

Over the next few decades, an extensive network of railway lines throughout Western Australia was built, primarily to service the wheatbelt. [4] Prior to the expanded use of road transport, the network was of vital importance in the state, particularly for the moving of agricultural, forestry and mining products.

In 1890, the Department was abolished and replaced by the WAGR and the Department of Works and Buildings (later the Public Works Department). [1] [5]

The WAGR network was joined to that of the rest of mainland Australia, albeit to 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge , a different gauge, in October 1917 with the opening of the Commonwealth Railways' Trans-Australian Railway to Kalgoorlie.

Legislative restrictions were implemented to limit competition from road transport, most notably from the 1930s until the 1950s, when the Transport Co-ordination Board kept strict control over commercial road traffic through powers vested by the State Transport Co-ordination Act 1933. [6] As road transportation expanded and losses escalated, many lines closed from 1949. [4]

The network peaked in 1937 at 6,600 kilometres (4,100 mi). Unusually for such a large network, only one tunnel was required, the Swan View Tunnel. [7] A few isolated lines were operated, such as the Marble Bar line in the Pilbara and the Hopetoun to Ravensthorpe railway line on the South Coast. With many lines in need of heavy maintenance, rolling stock in need of replacement and heavy losses being incurred, during the 1950s many branches closed with 1,320 kilometres (820 mi) of the network so treated in 1956–57, although 275 kilometres (171 mi) were subsequently reopened on a seasonal basis. [2] [3] [4]

In the late 1960s, the Eastern and Eastern Goldfields lines between Perth and Kalgoorlie was gauge converted to allow through operation of trains from the eastern states along with the Esperance & Menzies lines, with sections through the Avon River and east of Southern Cross built on new alignments. A concerted program of dieselisation saw diesel locomotives replace the last steam locomotives in March 1972. [4]

In the late 20th century, the end of restrictions on competing road transport resulted in the WAGR and its successors moving from being a small customer-oriented system to a predominantly main line bulk carrier operation. This resulted in many smaller communities losing their facilities. However, in the wheatbelt, bulk handling of grain continued despite the changes.

Westrail

In September 1975, the WAGR adopted the trading name Westrail and an associated logo. [8] [9] [10] However, the official name of the WAGR was not changed. [11]

The new name was the main element of a complete program to improve the WAGR's public image. Every visible feature of the organisation was to be associated with the new Westrail identity. The transition from WAGR to Westrail quickly began, with the new name rapidly and almost universally replacing the old one in the vocabulary of staff and the public. [12]

Strong impetus to acceptance of the new corporate identity was given by the completion of a new Westrail office headquarters and passenger facility at East Perth Terminal (then known as Perth Terminal). The new building, named the Westrail Centre, was opened by the Premier of Western Australia, Sir Charles Court, on 12 November 1976. [13]

Westrail was responsible for managing the state's rail infrastructure. [9] It operated urban and regional passenger and freight services throughout Western Australia. In Perth, Westrail provided the metropolitan area rail service, under contract to another arm of the State government. Its country passenger services involved the operation of both trains and road coaches. [10]

In October 1987, it was announced by Premier Brian Burke and Federal Minister for Land Transport & Infrastructure Support, Peter Duncan, that a merger of Westrail with Australian National was being investigated. [14] Nothing ever came of it. [15]

On 17 December 2000, the WAGR's freight division along with the Westrail name and logo were sold to Australia Western Railroad, a subsidiary of the Australian Railroad Group (ARG). [16] The deal also saw the WAGR's freight lines leased to ARG for 99 years. [17] [18]

The WAGR's remaining functions, including owning the rail network and operating regional passenger services, [18] were transferred to the Western Australian Government Railways Commission. [16] On 1 January 2003, the WAGR Commission's functions were absorbed by the Public Transport Authority. [19]

The former Westrail Centre is now known as the Public Transport Centre. [20]

Names

The WAGR was renamed a number of times to reflect extra responsibility for tram and ferry operations that it assumed and later relinquished.

Corporate identity

Initially, Westrail applied an orange with blue stripe livery to its locomotives and passenger vehicles. Freight rolling stock and road trucks were painted yellow, and blue was used on all signs, buildings and printed material. The Westrail logo incorporated a stylised ⟨W⟩ surmounted by a solid bar representing a railway track. Between the bar and the ⟨W⟩ was the word ⟨Westrail⟩. [12]

In July 1997, a yellow with blue livery was unveiled when the first Q class diesel-electric locomotive was delivered. [34]

Inquiries and Royal Commissions

A range of committees of inquiry as well as Royal Commissions were conducted on aspects of the railways between 1893 and 1959, [35] however to appreciate the number of commissions that had relevance to railway operations, the coal and wheat industries were linked with the railway operations as well. [36] The following are a selected group of commissions:

Acquisitions

The WAGR purchased the Great Southern Railway in December 1896 and the Midland Railway of Western Australia in August 1964. [47]

Services

The WAGR operated a wide variety of services throughout its history, including the more standard country and suburban passenger and freight workings as well as a limited electrified service, early country railcar services, road bus services and overnight sleeper services to distant destinations.

Named services

U657 hauling The Australind in 1950 U657 + The Australind, 1950.jpg
U657 hauling The Australind in 1950

Although some passenger trains were bestowed nicknames, it was not until The Westland was launched in 1938, that a service was officially named. Further trains were named in the 1960s in an effort to increase the prestige of rail travel. [3]

NameOriginDestinationCommencedCeased
Albany Progress Perth Albany 19611978
Albany Weekender PerthAlbany19641975
The Australind Perth Bunbury 1947present
Bunbury Belle PerthBunbury19641975
The Shopper PerthBunbury19641975
The Midlander Perth Geraldton 19641975
The Westland Perth Kalgoorlie 19381969
The Kalgoorlie PerthKalgoorlie19621971
The Prospector East Perth Kalgoorlie1971present
The Mullewa Perth Mullewa 19611974

Unnamed services

The WAGR operated services from Perth to many destinations throughout the state. In 1935, it operated 63 sleeper services a week. It also operated local passenger, many operating as mixed trains. The last of these ceased in 1973. [3]

Electrified services

While the current Perth urban passenger network operated by Transperth is entirely electrified, between May 1924 and March 1969 the State Electricity Commission operated the only electrified line in Western Australia as part of the WAGR network. The line was 800 metres (2,600 ft) in length and operated within the confines of the East Perth Power Station. [48] The electric locomotive used on the railway is preserved at the Western Australian Rail Transport Museum in Bassendean, though is currently not on display. [49]

Country diesel railcar services

Governor class railcars at Midland Junction in 1939 ADE 451 + ADT 7, Midland, 1939.jpg
Governor class railcars at Midland Junction in 1939
Road coaches outside Bunbury station Bunbury Railway Station with buses in 1970s.jpg
Road coaches outside Bunbury station

In December 1937, the Governor class diesel railcars were introduced on daylight regional services from Perth. [3] The longer distance services remained locomotive hauled. [50]

Road bus service

Where lines were closed in the 1940s and 1950s, or passenger services discontinued, road bus services were introduced. Most of the services and the same routes continue to the present.

The rail-road services commenced on 24 November 1941 with one vehicle operating a service from Perth to Kojonup via Boddington. [33] [51] By 1949, there were 28 buses. [52] and by 1959, more than fifty. [4] Dual-purpose buses that also carried freight were introduced in 1949. Buses operated included Fodens, articulated trailer buses, AECs, Leyland Lions, Hino RC320Ps and Mercedes-Benz O303s. [53]

In the late 1960s, long-distance coaches operated from Perth to Meekatharra, Esperance, Geraldton and Albany. [54]

In the early 1970s the WAGR Bus service included seasonal six-day Wildflower Study Tours from Perth and along roads to and from Geraldton through the northern wheatbelt. [55] These had first been operated in 1948 by the Midland Railway of Western Australia. Also in the early 1970s, the King Karri Scenicruiser buses ran from Bunbury through Manjimup, Pemberton, Northcliffe and Walpole to Albany at the same time the Albany Progress overnight train was still operating, making it possible to do a round trip by rail from Perth to Albany and bus from Albany to Perth via Bunbury. [56]

In the mid-1970s some services reflected where rail services had either closed or had ceased providing facilities for passengers, the following selection is not the total service at the time. [57]

Railway road truck services

There were also road-freight services, while the restrictions on non-government trucking were still in force, with suburban truck services from Perth to Midland, Fremantle, Kewdale and Gosnells. The country services were extensive having Perth and country rail stations as terminal locations. [58]

Reso tours

From 1928 until the 1970s (excluding a hiatus from 1929 to c. 1933, due to the Great Depression), WAGR ran "reso tours" as a way of publicising WA's natural resources, and the associated industries. These tours went as far north as Geraldton and east to Kalgoorlie, but most commonly south to the forest areas around Pemberton and that town's timber mills. Tours also covered apple festivals in Bridgetown and Manjimup. The first tour was organised for industry and business leaders from Victoria, [59] but by 1933 they were open to the public and sufficiently popular to have waiting lists. [60]

A defining aspect of the tours was that they included all food and accommodation; passengers slept on the train rather than in a separate hotel, and the trains were referred to as "hotels on wheels". Tours typically ran over a weekend, leaving on Friday evening and returning on Monday morning. There were longer tours; in 1961 an 18-day tour included Geraldton, Kalgoorlie, Bunbury, Katanning and Pemberton. [60]

Liveries

Westrail liveried AA1517 with carriages in WAGR larch green and cream livery near Kelmscott in December 1986 AA1517 Kelmscott-Challis, 1986.JPG
Westrail liveried AA1517 with carriages in WAGR larch green and cream livery near Kelmscott in December 1986

Until 1951, most steam locomotives were painted black. From that date, locomotives used on passenger services were painted green. The early diesel locomotives were painted green, with a red stripe later added. In the late 1960s, a grey and light blue livery was introduced. [2] The latter was resurrected by South Spur Rail Services in the early 2000s. [61]

Carriages were painted Indian red, before a larch green and cream livery was introduced in October 1951. When launched in 1964, The Midlander stock was painted in a maroon and ivory livery. [3] When the Westrail brand was introduced in 1975, an orange and blue livery was introduced for locomotives. In the late 1990s, this was superseded by a yellow and blue livery.

Rolling stock

The WAGR operated a large number of unique steam, diesel and electric locomotive classes. Most of the steam locomotives were built in the United Kingdom, with the WAGR's Midland Railway Workshops building some from 1915. The early diesels were mainly built by Beyer, Peacock and Company in England, Clyde Engineering in Sydney, and English Electric in Brisbane. Later diesels were assembled in Perth.

The WAGR built much of its carriage and wagon stock at the Midland Railway Workshops. From the late 1930s, the WAGR operated diesel railcars such as the Governor and Wildflower classes.

In 1936, the WAGR owned 420 locomotives, 4 railcars, 461 carriages, 24 brake vans and 11,052 goods wagons. [62]

A survey of goods wagons carried out in 1949 disclosed that the WAGR had 54 classes of 4-wheeled vehicles and 13 different types of bogie wagons. The 4-wheeled vehicles had been built on 12 different types of underframes in no fewer than 71 variations, ranging in length from 3.4 to 6.4 metres (11 to 21 ft). The bogie wagons were mounted on six different types of bogie trucks and represented a total of 61 styles. The lack of uniformity caused difficulties in operation and maintenance, and made necessary a large and widely varying stock of spare parts of limited interchangeability. [63] : 36 

In the early 1950s, the WAGR implemented a replacement program of goods wagons built instead to rigidly standard designs, on only three types of underframes, 5.5, 11.0 and 12.8 metres (18, 36 and 42 ft) in length, respectively. [63] : 36  The new standard designs provided for increased axle loads and higher tare-load ratios, and the new wagons were also fitted with NCDA-type central drawbars and doubly articulating couplers. [63] : 36–37  [64]

In connection with the gauge conversion of the Eastern and Eastern Goldfields Railways in the late 1960s, the WAGR constructed a stock of standard gauge goods vehicles, including a class of wheat hopper wagons that, with a maximum payload of almost 77 tonnes (170,000 lb), were the largest freight vehicles operated by any Government railway in Australia. [65]

Chief Mechanical Engineer

Chief Mechanical Engineer was the highest posting at the Midland Railway Workshops, which in turn managed (through construction, repair and design) all aspects of railway maintenance and equipment. The post was established in 1900 and abandoned in 1989. [66]

Lines and operational centres

See Western Australian Government Railway lines and operations centres

Legacy and preservation

A number of former WAGR locomotives and rolling stock types, as well as many examples of WAGR architecture and railway infrastructure have been preserved, with the Hotham Valley Railway and Rail Heritage WA holding extensive collections. [67] [68] Some items are preserved interstate, notably by the Pichi Richi Railway. [69] With the deregulation of the Australian rail market in the 1990s, former WAGR rolling stock has operated in other states, with L class locomotives having operated in the eastern states for ATN Access, Aurizon and Pacific National.

Publications

In September 1970, WAGR News Letter was launched as a staff newsletter. The last edition was published in December 1973, with Movement superseding it. [70] [71] [72] [73]

From 1975 until 1981, Westrail News Letter was published as a staff newsletter. [74]

See also

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References

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  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Higham, Geoffrey (2007). Marble Bar to Mandurah: A history of passenger rail services in Western Australia. Bassendean: Rail Heritage WA. pp. 10, 35, 44, 46, 57, 58, 111, 118, 119. ISBN   978-0-9803922-0-3.
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  13. ↑ Affleck 1978 , pp. 213–214
  14. ↑ "Profitable merger" Railway Gazette International volume 143 issue 12 December 1987 page 786
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  18. 1 2 Annual Report June 2002 Archived 15 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine Western Australian Government Railways Commission
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  36. ↑ http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/intranet/libpages.nsf/589198976847966848256e5a0008666d/576f693668722e924825774300287922?OpenDocument Archived 6 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine List of Royal Commissions
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  38. ↑ WAGG No. 36, 2 July 1897, p. 1279 / WAGG No. 58, 5 Nov 1897, p. 2349 Tabled Paper 2/1899 3rd/4th 1899 - Vol I
  39. ↑ Western Australia. Royal Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Administration of the Locomotive Branch of the Western Australian Government Railways; Speight, Richard, 1839-1901; Western Australia. Parliament (1899), Report of the Royal Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Administration of the Locomotive Branch of the Western Australian Government Railways, Government Printer, retrieved 8 October 2016{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  40. ↑ 15/09/1906 04/10/1906 WAGG No. 63, 28 September 1906, p. 2935 Tabled Paper A6/1906 6th/2nd 1906 - Vol II
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  43. ↑ Royal Commission Appointed to Enquire into (Inter Alia) the Supply of Local Coal to the Western Australian Government Railways; Gibson, Alexander J (1948), Second interim report of the Royal Commission Appointed to Enquire into (Inter Alia) the Supply of Local Coal to the Western Australian Government Railways, Govt. Pr, retrieved 7 October 2016
  44. ↑ Western Australia. Royal Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Midland Junction Railway Workshops; Gibson, Alex J (1947), First interim report of the Royal Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Midland Junction Workshops of the Western Australian Government Railways, Govt. Printer], retrieved 7 October 2016
  45. ↑ Royal Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Management, workings and control of the Western Australian Government Railways; Gibson, Alexander J; Du Plessis, D. H. C (1947), Report of the Royal Commission appointed to inquire into the Western Australian Government Railways, Govt. Pr, retrieved 7 October 2016
  46. ↑ Royal Commission on the Western Australian Government Railways; Smith, A. G (1959), Interim report no. 9 of the Royal Commission on the Western Australian Government Railways , retrieved 8 October 2016 - there were 10 separate reports over two years
  47. ↑ Gunzburg, Adrian (1989). The Midland Railway Company Locomotives of Western Australia. Surrey Hills: Light Railway Research Society of Australia. p. 7. ISBN   0-9093402-77.
  48. ↑ Don Finlayson (Ed.) (1986), "Steam Around Perth", Australian Railway Historical Society W.A. Division (Inc), Lamb Print, West Perth., ISBN   0-9599690-4-7 p14
  49. ↑ State Electricity Commission Electric Locomotive Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Rail Heritage WA
  50. ↑ May, Andrew S; Gray, Bill (2006). A History of WAGR Passenger Carriages. Midland, WA: Bill Gray. pp. 171–177. ISBN   0646459023.
  51. ↑ Royal Commission into the Management, Workings & Control of the Western Australian Government Railways Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Government of Western Australia December 1947 page 92
  52. ↑ WAGR buses shift 360,000 in a year The Sunday Times 28 August 1949 page 3
  53. ↑ Fleet Summary Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Perth Bus Info
  54. ↑ WAGR Timetable booklet 1969, p.81
  55. ↑ Rail and Road in Western Australia 1971–1972 p.27
  56. ↑ Rail and Road in Western Australia, edition 1971–1972, p.38 - timetable on p.39
  57. ↑ WAGR 1976 Rail Timetable booklet
  58. ↑ WAGR Timetable booklet 1969, p.59 - with at least 19 separate services at that date
  59. ↑ "'Reso' Tour". The West Australian . 19 October 1928. p. 18. Retrieved 18 February 2024– via Trove.
  60. 1 2 "In the golden age of railway the WA government ran affordable holidays to show off the state's attractions". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 18 February 2024. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  61. ↑ Media South Spur Rail Services
  62. ↑ World Survey of Foreign Railways. Transportation Division, Bureau of foreign and domestic commerce, Washington D.C. 1936. p. 22. Archived from the original on 24 November 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  63. 1 2 3 "New Freight Cars Incorporate Standard Underframes to Reduce Type Variations". Railway Transportation: 36–37. July 1953. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  64. ↑ "Prototypes of New Freight Car Designs for WAGR Are Now in Service". Railway Transportation: 30. April 1952. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  65. ↑ "Giant Wheat Hopper Wagon". Railway Transportation: 26. April 1969. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  66. ↑ Bertola, P.; Oliver, B. [Eds.] (2006). The Workshops: A History of the Midland Government Railway Workshops. Perth: University of Western Australia Press.
  67. ↑ Equipment / Trains Archived 26 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine Hotham Valley Railway
  68. ↑ Bassendean Museum Exhibits Archived 18 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine Rail Heritage WA
  69. ↑ Western Australian Government Railways W class locomotives Archived 26 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine Pichi Richi Railway
  70. ↑ "Newsletter Changes". WAGR News Letter: 3. December 1973.
  71. ↑ "Why Movement?". Movement: 1. February 1974.
  72. ↑ "Catalogue entry". WAGR News Letter. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020– via National Library of Australia.
  73. ↑ "Catalogue entry". Movement. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020– via National Library of Australia.
  74. ↑ Westrail News Letter Archived 28 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine National Library of Australia catalogue entry

Bibliography

  • Affleck, Fred (1978). On Track: The Making of Westrail, 1950–1976. Perth: Westrail. ISBN   0724475605. OCLC   6489347.
  • WAGR Publicity Section, Perth. Pamphlets and information sheets produced in the early 1960s.
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