| Pemberton Western Australia | |||||||||
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 Pemberton main street. | |||||||||
  Pemberton | |||||||||
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| Coordinates | 34°26′42″S116°02′02″E / 34.445°S 116.034°E | ||||||||
| Population | 617 (UCL 2021) [1] | ||||||||
| Established | 1913 | ||||||||
| Postcode(s) | 6260 | ||||||||
| Elevation | 174 m (571 ft) [2] | ||||||||
| Area | 17.2 km2 (6.6 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Location | |||||||||
| LGA(s) | Shire of Manjimup | ||||||||
| State electorate(s) | Warren-Blackwood | ||||||||
| Federal division(s) | O'Connor | ||||||||
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Pemberton is a town in the South West region of Western Australia, named after original settler Pemberton Walcott.
The region was originally occupied by the Bibbulmun people who knew the area as Wandergarup, which in their language meant 'plenty of water'. [3]
Following an expedition to the area in 1861 by Edward Reveley Brockman, his brother-in-law Gerald de Courcy Lefroy and his uncle Pemberton Walcott, in 1862 Brockman established Warren House homestead and station on the Warren River; Walcott, after whom the town would be named, established Karri Dale farm on the northern outskirts of the later townsite; and Lefroy established a farm and flour mill on Lefroy Brook (the current site of the 100 Year Forest). Walcott remained until at least 1867. By 1868 he was at Dwalganup Station near Boyup Brook, and in 1872 Karri Dale was for sale, marketed as a "four-roomed brick cottage, stockyards, cattle shed, good garden - stocked with fruit trees and permanent running water". [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
In 1913, the new government-owned State Saw Mills began construction of twin sawmills, No 2 and No 3, at the location then known as Big Brook, to supply half a million railway sleepers for the Trans-Australian Railway. The mill site was in a valley to ensure the mills had a regular supply of water and because it was easier to roll logs down hill to the mills. Big Brook became a thriving private mill town, with a hall, store, staff accommodation, mill workers' cottages, and single men's huts, and two boarding houses. [3] A more distinctive name was soon sought. The name Walcott was suggested but was rejected by the Post Office due to conflict with Port Walcott, also named after Walcott. William Locke Brockman, local farmer and son of early settler Edward Reveley Brockman, suggested Pemberton. The mill town was well established but by 1921 there was community agitation for a government townsite to be declared. Community pressure resulted in lots being surveyed in 1925 and the Pemberton townsite was gazetted in October 1925. [11]
During the 1920s the area was a focus of the Group Settlement Scheme and following the Second World War the War Service Land Settlement Scheme, but with only moderate success.
During the 1980s, Pemberton began to grow as a tourist town and tourism, particularly domestic, continues to play a key role.
Log sawmilling was still the most active industry in 2005, occupying 12.8% of the workforce, [12] despite the state government drastically reducing old growth logging in 2003. Rather than shut down, the mill switched to plantation Tasmanian blue gum and pine in addition to karri.
Viticulture has become widely established, with many investment schemes buying up large areas of pastureland and converting to vineyards.
Nearby, there are two climbable karri trees, each more than 60 metres (200 ft) tall. The most famous is the Gloucester Tree, but there is also the Dave Evans Bicentennial Tree, the tallest of the two at around 71 metres. The trees have metal rungs that allow visitors to climb them and reach the constructed lookout at the top.
The former climbable Diamond Tree was closed for climbing in 2019. [13]
Other tourist attractions include the Pemberton Tramway Company, Yeagarup Dunes and the Bibbulmun Track. Tours include river cruises, hiking, canoeing and four-wheel drive tours of the national parks.
The three-day Southern Forests Festival [14] (formerly the Pemberton Autumn Festival/Marron & Wine Festival) is held in May. Pemberton is recognised as one of the premier cool-climate wine regions in Australia, and hosts many wineries in the region.
Pemberton is surrounded by karri forest with five national parks within 20 minutes' drive and has plenty of rivers, streams and dams for recreation. The Karri Forest Explorer Drive, [15] developed by the Department of Environment and Conservation, links the tourist attractions with sealed and unsealed roads.
Forest attractions include Big Brook Dam in the Pemberton State Forest, 6 km north on the Bibbulmun Track. Facilities include bird hides, jetties, barbecues and a sandy beach. There is a 4 km sealed walk trail around the lake.
Beedelup Falls in the Beedelup National Park are 30 km north along The Bibbulmun Track. Visitors can explore via a suspension bridge, walk trails and visitor information. The Falls are the break between the Darling Scarp and the Scott River Plain and the tourist drive is sealed with caravan parking.
The Yeagarup Dunes in the D'Entrecasteaux National Park are the largest land-locked inland dunes in the southern hemisphere. They are moving at four metres a year towards the Yeagarup Lake. Local 4WD tours are available.
Lake Jasper in the D’Entrecasteaux national park is the largest natural freshwater lake in Western Australia and covers an area of about 450 hectares. It has no inlets nor outlets, is 10 metres deep, and accessible only by 4WD. Further west is Black Point, in the far north-western part of the D’Entrecasteaux National Park between Augusta and Windy Harbour. The black Basalt columns were formed about 135 million years ago. Local tours are available.
The Cascades are a series of low falls in the Lefroy brook. The road has been sealed and is accessible from the historic Tram, which departs from Pemberton twice daily.
Pemberton has a Mediterranean climate, with warm, dry summers and cool, rainy winters.
| Climate data for Pemberton, Western Australia | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 43.2 (109.8) | 41.7 (107.1) | 40.0 (104.0) | 33.8 (92.8) | 28.5 (83.3) | 23.2 (73.8) | 22.0 (71.6) | 25.4 (77.7) | 28.4 (83.1) | 33.6 (92.5) | 38.0 (100.4) | 40.4 (104.7) | 43.2 (109.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 26.2 (79.2) | 26.5 (79.7) | 24.6 (76.3) | 21.3 (70.3) | 18.2 (64.8) | 16.0 (60.8) | 15.1 (59.2) | 15.6 (60.1) | 16.8 (62.2) | 18.9 (66.0) | 21.5 (70.7) | 24.1 (75.4) | 20.4 (68.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.2 (55.8) | 13.6 (56.5) | 12.8 (55.0) | 11.0 (51.8) | 9.3 (48.7) | 8.1 (46.6) | 7.2 (45.0) | 7.1 (44.8) | 7.6 (45.7) | 8.7 (47.7) | 10.3 (50.5) | 11.9 (53.4) | 10.1 (50.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.0 (39.2) | 5.6 (42.1) | 3.9 (39.0) | −0.8 (30.6) | 2.0 (35.6) | −0.4 (31.3) | 0.0 (32.0) | 0.0 (32.0) | 0.4 (32.7) | 0.6 (33.1) | 2.5 (36.5) | 4.4 (39.9) | −0.8 (30.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 23.0 (0.91) | 19.5 (0.77) | 36.8 (1.45) | 73.4 (2.89) | 149.7 (5.89) | 187.2 (7.37) | 211.2 (8.31) | 170.5 (6.71) | 129.6 (5.10) | 88.8 (3.50) | 59.8 (2.35) | 35.3 (1.39) | 1,184.2 (46.62) |
| Average precipitation days | 7.1 | 6.8 | 9.3 | 13.6 | 18.3 | 21.1 | 22.9 | 22.3 | 19.0 | 16.4 | 12.4 | 9.7 | 178.9 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 282.1 | 245.8 | 229.4 | 180.0 | 145.7 | 123.0 | 127.1 | 151.9 | 159.0 | 217.0 | 219.0 | 260.4 | 2,340.4 |
| Source: The Bureau of Meteorology [16] | |||||||||||||
Brockman National Park is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, 288 kilometres (179 mi) south of Perth and 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Pemberton.
D'Entrecasteaux National Park is a national park in Western Australia, 315 kilometres (196 mi) south of Perth. The park is named after the French Admiral Bruni D'Entrecasteaux who was the first European to sight the area and name Point D'Entrecasteaux in 1792. The park received 168,497 visitors through 2008–2009.
Gloucester National Park is a national park in Western Australia, 281 km south of Perth and about 3 km from Pemberton.
Shannon National Park is a national park on the south coast of Western Australia, 302 km (188 mi) south of Perth and 55 km (34 mi) southeast of Manjimup. It was declared a national park in 1988. The park covers the entire Shannon River basin. It is part of the larger Walpole Wilderness Area that was established in 2004, an international biodiversity hotspot.
Walpole-Nornalup National Park is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, 355 km (221 mi) south of Perth. It is famous for its towering karri and tingle trees. Red tingle trees are unique to the Walpole area. The park is part of the larger Walpole Wilderness Area that was established in 2004, an international biodiversity hotspot.
Warren National Park is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, 287 km (178 mi) south of Perth and 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Pemberton.
The Bibbulmun Track is a long-distance walk trail in Western Australia. It runs from Kalamunda in the east of Perth to Albany, and is 1,003.1 kilometres (623.3 mi) long.
Eucalyptus diversicolor, commonly known as karri, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a tall tree with smooth light grey to cream-coloured, often mottled bark, lance-shaped adult leaves and barrel-shaped fruit. Found in higher rainfall areas, karri is commercially important for its timber.
Denmark is a coastal town located on Wilson Inlet in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, 423 kilometres (263 mi) south-south-east of the state capital of Perth. At the 2016 census, Denmark had a population of 2,558; however, the population can be several times the base population during tourist seasons.
South Western Highway is a highway in the South West region of Western Australia connecting Perth's southeast with Walpole. It is a part of the Highway 1 network for most of its length. It is about 406 kilometres (252 mi) long.
Northcliffe is a town located in the lower South West region of Western Australia, about 28 kilometres (17 mi) south of the town of Pemberton. It is part of the Shire of Manjimup. At the 2006 census, Northcliffe had a population of 412. Currently, Northcliffe serves a population of around 770 people within the town and surrounding areas. Approximately 31% of the population have post-secondary qualifications.
Nanga Brook is a former town located in the Peel region of Western Australia in the Lane Poole Reserve between Dwellingup and Waroona.
Donnelly River Village is a former timber mill town and present-day holiday village in the Shire of Nannup, in the South West region of Western Australia. The Village is located at a point between Nannup, Bridgetown and Manjimup on the Donnelly River, a small, seasonal river at this point, which flows into the Southern Ocean at 34°29′02.4″S115°40′27.8″E. The name also applies to a winery downstream on the Vasse Highway and the township's cottages are sometimes confused with cottages built on the lower reaches of the Donnelly River at 34°28′56″S115°41′00″E.
Vasse Highway is a Western Australian highway connecting Busselton and the South Western Highway 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of Manjimup. It is 151 kilometres (94 mi) long and travels through jarrah and karri hardwood forests for most of its length, with some small agricultural areas and wineries nearby, and forms the main street of the towns of Nannup and Pemberton.
Warren, also known as Karri Forest Region and the Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands ecoregion, is a biogeographic region in southern Western Australia. Located in the southwest corner of Western Australia between Cape Naturaliste and Albany, it is bordered to the north and east by the Jarrah Forest region. Its defining characteristic is an extensive tall forest of Eucalyptus diversicolor (karri). This occurs on dissected, hilly ground, with a moderately wet climate. Karri is a valuable timber and much of the karri forest has been logged over, but less than a third has been cleared for agriculture. Recognised as a region under the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA), and as a terrestrial ecoregion by the World Wide Fund for Nature, it was first defined by Ludwig Diels in 1906.
Lane Poole Reserve is a protected area in Western Australia. It is located at the edge of the Darling Scarp, in the former town of Nanga Brook, just over 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of Perth.
Karri forest is a tall open forest type dominated by Eucalyptus diversicolor (karri), one of the tallest hardwoods in the world.
The Warren River is a river in the South West region of Western Australia with a catchment encompassing the towns of Manjimup and Pemberton. The river was named by Governor James Stirling, probably after Admiral Sir John Borlase Warren under whom Stirling served whilst in action in North America in 1813.
Tourist Drives in Western Australia are routes through areas of scenic or historic significance, designated by route markers with white numbers on a brown shield. Tourist Drives were introduced into Western Australia while Eric Charlton was the state government Minister for Transport in the 1990s. The 28 numbered routes collectively traverse more than 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) across the state. In addition to the Tourist Drives, there are unnumbered routes such as the Golden Pipeline Heritage Trail, and local governments may designate and maintain local scenic drives, generally unnamed and unnumbered.
The Northcliffe Branch, also known as the Northcliffe Section or Picton to Northcliffe Line, is the railway route between Picton and Northcliffe in Western Australia.
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