Stadler FLIRT

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Stadler FLIRT
Stadler Flirt 3 Eurobahn 2024-09-25 JM 5D415930.jpg
An ET 4.25 (Stadler FLIRT 3) of Eurobahn
Manufacturer Stadler Rail
Constructed2004–present
Number builtOver 2,500 sold (as of October 2021) [1]
Specifications
Train length42–106 m (137 ft 10 in – 347 ft 9 in)
Width2,720 mm (8 ft 11 in) (UK)
2.82–2.88 m (9 ft 3 in – 9 ft 5 in)
3,200 mm (10 ft 6 in) (NSB)
3,480 mm (11 ft 5 in) (FLIRT G)
Height4,185 mm (13 ft 8.8 in)
4,120 mm (13 ft 6 in) (FLIRT 3)
Maximum speed200 km/h (125 mph)
Weight76–206 t (75–203 long tons; 84–227 short tons)
Traction system ABB IGBT-VVVF
Power output1,300–4,500 kW (1,700–6,000 hp)
Acceleration 0.8–1.3 m/s2 (1.8–2.9 mph/s)
UIC classification Bo′2′2′2′Bo'
AAR wheel arrangement B-2-2-2-B (four-section train)
Track gauge
  • 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
  • 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
  • 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in)
  • 1,524 mm (5 ft)
  • 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in)

Stadler FLIRT (Fast Light Intercity and Regional Train, [2] German : Flinker Leichter Intercity- und Regional-Triebzug) is a passenger multiple unit trainset made by Stadler Rail of Switzerland. The baseline design of FLIRT is an electric multiple unit articulated trainset that can come in units of two to twelve cars with two to six motorized axles. The maximum speed is 200 km/h (125 mph). Standard floor height is 57 cm (22+7⁄16 in), but 78 cm (30+11⁄16 in) high floors are also available for platform heights of 76 cm (29+15⁄16 in).

Contents

The FLIRT train was originally developed for the Swiss Federal Railways and was first delivered in 2004. The trains quickly became a success and were ordered by operators [3] in Algeria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Canada, the Czech Republic, [4] Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. [5] As of October 2021, more than 2500 units have been sold. [6]

Aside from being electric (EMU), the FLIRT is available in diesel-electric (DEMU), battery-electric, bi-mode EDMU, tri-mode diesel/overhead electric/battery (see also: Stadler WINK), and more recently hydrogen fuel cell versions. Bi-mode models were first ordered by Italy's Aosta Valley region as (BTR.813), [7] [8] [9] [10] then by Greater Anglia as the British Rail Class 755, [11] [12] [13] and Norske Tog. [14] Tri-mode versions were first ordered by Wales & Borders. [15] Hydrogen fuel-cell versions were first ordered by Arrow in San Bernardino County, California, USA.

Specifications

The FLIRT is a new generation of multiple units, even though the first versions resemble GTW vehicles. The trains can have two to six sections and electric variants are available for all commonly used power supply systems (AC and DC) as well as standard and broad gauge. It has Jacobs bogies shared between the individual coaches, with wide walk-through gangways. The floor height at the entrances can be chosen by the operator, providing level boarding at most stations. Automatic couplers of either Schwab type (on all Swiss units) or Scharfenberg type at both ends of the train allow up to four trains to be connected.

PowerPack car of a diesel FLIRT with open compartment of diesel generator Stadler Flirt DMU 2404 power car.jpg
PowerPack car of a diesel FLIRT with open compartment of diesel generator

All FLIRT variations use IGBT-based traction converters from ABB, which drive the TSA induction motors located in the two bogies at either end of the train. On the two-section trains, only one bogie is powered, while on longer versions it is possible to have a third powered bogie in the middle, found on the trains for Vy in Norway and for PKP Intercity in Poland. Each bogie usually has a continuous power rating of 1,000 kW (1,300 hp) giving a typical four-section train 2,000 kW (2,700 hp) total power output as well as maximum power output of 2,600 kW (3,500 hp) over a short time. Depending on the number of powered bogies, the length and weight, they will reach top speeds between 120 and 200 km/h (75 and 124 mph) (typically 160 km/h or 99 mph). Acceleration also varies between 0.8 and 1.2 m/s2 (2.6 and 3.9 ft/s2).

The diesel, bi-mode electro-diesel, hybrid diesel-battery, battery, and hydrogen fuel cell versions are essentially baseline design with an additional non-passenger car inserted in the trainset – called a PowerPack car – which contains the electricity-generating and storage components, such as diesel engines and batteries, that provide electricity to the train to run off-wire. It has a gangway through the centre to allow passengers to pass between the two parts of the train.

In the TEXRail application, the diesel power module contains two 520 kilowatts (700 hp) Deutz AG TCD 16.0 V8 engines that comply with the US EPA Tier 4 emission standard. [16]

On March 22, 2024 Stadler's FLIRT H2 hydrogen multiple unit secured a Guinness World Record for the longest distance achieved by a hydrogen fuel cell multiple unit without refueling. [17]

Operators

Algeria

SNTF FLIRT Swiss Flirt for SNTF Algeria.jpg
SNTF FLIRT

On 18 March 2006, the Algerian operator SNTF announced that it had ordered 64 four-car EMUs for suburban services in Algiers. [18] The trains were delivered between 2008 and 2010. [19]

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijani DS1-001 DMU during its transportation in Russia DS1-001 transportation.jpg
Azerbaijani DŞ1-001 DMU during its transportation in Russia

In November 2019, it was announced that Azərbaycan Dəmir Yolları (Azerbaijan Railways) had placed a €115 million order for ten Russian-gauge Stadler FLIRT units in various configurations, for delivery to begin in 2022. [20] [21]

The order specification is as follows: [22]

Train length is to range between 93 and 107 m (305 ft 1+3⁄8 in and 351 ft 5⁄8 in), with capacity varying from 236 to 271 passengers.

Because the Azerbaijan Railway is currently converting the electrification voltage of many lines on its network from 3 kV DC to 25 kV AC, the diesel fleet will be introduced first, allowing the service to be upheld during this conversion process.

In December 2023, the first DMU DŞ1-001 has been delivered to Azerbaijan Railways.

Belarus

Belarusian Railways FLIRT at Vilnius train station 28.05.19 Vilnius EPr-009 (47961508493).jpg
Belarusian Railways FLIRT at Vilnius train station

Ten Russian-gauge units were delivered to the Belarusian Railways [23] in 2011. Six more were delivered from 2013 to 2014. [24]

The trains are mostly used on various suburban routes around Minsk, such as Minsk-Pasažyrski to Minsk National Airport. The Stadler FLIRT trains are also used as inter-regional transport in Belarus, on the routes Minsk–Homieĺ, [25] and Minsk–Brest. [26]

Two Stadler FLIRT units with an interior optimised for longer distance (EPm-class) were delivered to Belarus in 2015 to 2016, [27] and in January 2019, ten more of these trains were ordered for delivery in 2020. [28]

Canada

OC Transpo FLIRT Stadler FLIRT train C10 OC Transpo 6459.jpg
OC Transpo FLIRT

On 3 May 2018 it was announced that the city of Ottawa would be purchasing seven diesel–electric FLIRT trains to use on its upgraded and extended Trillium Line. [5] As of August 2024, the trains were still in the trial running phase, with passenger service expected to come in the latter half of 2024. [29]

Czech Republic

Stadler FLIRT of Czech private rail operator Leo Express on the test circuit in Cerhenice, the Czech Republic 480 001 Cerhenice1.jpg
Stadler FLIRT of Czech private rail operator Leo Express on the test circuit in Cerhenice, the Czech Republic

The Czech private operator LEO Express ordered five units. [4] Units are modified as InterCity trains. All five units have operated on the Prague–Ostrava line since December 2012. Since December 2013 one unit is operated on the Prague–Staré Město u Uherského Hradiště and since December 2014 one unit is operated on the international route Prague–Košice (Slovak Republic). The maximum speed of these units is 189 km/h (117 mph)[ citation needed ], but in service it is limited to 160 km/h (99 mph).

Denmark

On 9 October 2024, the local railway operator Lokaltog formally signed a contract for the supply of 14 two-car units of the battery–electric Akku model with an option for 10 more. They are scheduled to be delivered in 2028. [30]

Estonia

Estonian Stadler FLIRT EMU 1401 at Keila Stadler Flirt Keila jaamas1.jpg
Estonian Stadler FLIRT EMU 1401 at Keila

Elron ordered 18 electric (6 four-car and 12 three-car) and 20 diesel (6 four-car, 8 three-car and 6 two-car) broad-gauged trains. By June 2014 all 38 trains were delivered. This has been the first time FLIRT DMUs were produced. [31] First five trains went into service on 1 July 2013 and by January 2014 all old trains were replaced by the new ones. On 16 April 2014 one of the new DMUs that had been operating for just five months had an accident near Raasiku, a collision with a truck. [32] The unit was badly damaged. It went back into service in 2015, and two damaged carriages were replaced. [33] In November 2014, Elron initiated an investigation into suspected flaws in some diesel trains. Two different build flaws were found in many of the trains and faulty components were replaced under warranty. [34]

Finland

81 four-section 1,524 mm (5 ft) broad-gauged FLIRT units, classified as Sm5 in the Finnish system, have been ordered by Pääkaupunkiseudun Junakalusto Oy (a joint venture between the cities of Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen [35] ) for service on the Helsinki commuter rail network. The Sm5 units are leased by Pääkaupunkiseudun junakalusto to the Helsinki Regional Transport Authority, but they are currently operated by the VR Group. [36] The initial order in 2006 was for 32 trainsets. 9 further units were ordered in 2011 and 34 further units in 2014. [37]

The first Sm5 unit arrived in Finland on 11 November 2008. [38] Following preliminary testing the first unit was displayed to the public in Helsinki on 17 December 2008. During the remainder of on 2008 and for most of 2009 the Sm5 units were extensively tested in different parts of Finland. [39] The first unit entered passenger service on 18 November 2009. [40]

Finnish Sm5-class EMU in Tuomarila JKOY Sm5 at Tuomarila Station 2019.jpg
Finnish Sm5-class EMU in Tuomarila

In November 2022, VR Group, the country's national rail operator, awarded Stadler Rail the contract to manufacture 20 new FLIRT 4 EMUs (but based on FLIRT G and without Jacobs bogies) with an additional option for 50 trainsets, classified as Sm7, for longer-distance VR commuter rail services. These trains will be partly manufactured in Switzerland with final assembly taking place in Poland and Belarus, and they are expected to enter service in spring 2026. [41]

Germany

The Cantus Verkehrsgesellschaft, a joint subsidiary of Hessische Landesbahn and Hamburger Hochbahn, became the first German FLIRT operator when they received their first train in 2006. Their fleet consists of fourteen three-car and six four-car units.

Since December 2007 Abellio Rail NRW has operated nine three-car and eight two-car FLIRT trains for regional routes between Essen, Hagen, Iserlohn and Siegen. This was the first time that a FLIRT with only two sections was ordered.

Also since December 2007 WestfalenBahn uses fourteen three-car and five five-car trains for trains services in the Teutoburg Forest region.

In 2006 DB Regio, a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn ordered five five-section vehicles for regional services on the German east coast. The trains were delivered in August 2007 and, until December 2019, were used on the routes Rostock–Stralsund–Lietzow–Sassnitz (Hanse-Express), Sassnitz–Stralsund and Binz–Lietzow. Since October 2020, they run the RB17 (Wismar – Ludwigslust).

The biggest order from Germany so far came in October 2006 from the leasing company Angel Trains Europa when they ordered 25 four-car FLIRT trains. All 25 units have been leased to Eurobahn who uses them on the Hellweg Network in North Rhine-Westphalia. [42] Only a year later, in November 2007, Angel Trains ordered four more four-car and fourteen five-car trains that will also be used by Eurobahn. [43] In 2017, Eurobahn also took over the WestfalenBahn operation of the Teutoburger-Wald-Network, taking over 18 FLIRT 1 units, as well as ordering eight new FLIRT 3 units. [44]

On the InnoTrans 2008, a trade fair focused on rail transport, Vias announced their order for twelve four-section and seven three-section units. Starting in December 2010, the trains were put on the Frankfurt–Koblenz route. [45] The same year, the Hessische Landesbahn (HLB) started to operate three three- and five six-car FLIRT units on the Frankfurt – Gießen – Siegen line.

Starting in December 2013, the Bayerische Oberlandbahn, called Bayerische Regiobahn (BRB) since 2020, uses three three-car and 28 six-car FLIRTs for their Meridian services, which run between Munich-Salzburg and Kufstein. Since August 2014, the ownership of the trains was transferred to AlphaTrains, only to be leased back for the Meridian.

From December 2014 on, the RE 1 (Koblenz – Trier (– Luxembourg /) – Saarbrücken – Ludwigshafen – Mannheim), RE 2 (Koblenz – Frankfurt), RE 4 (Frankfurt (Main) – Mainz – Ludwigshafen – Karlsruhe), RE 14 (Frankfurt (Main) – Mainz – Ludwigshafen – Mannheim), are operated with FLIRT 3 units, with the RE 1 being coupled with a CFL-operated KISS between Trier and Koblenz.[ citation needed ]

Go-Ahead Germany ordered 45 units in 2016 for delivery in 2019. [46] [47]

Transdev ordered 64 three-car units in November 2018, planned to enter service in 2021 on Hanover S-Bahn lines. [48] In June 2019, Transdev subsidiary NordWestBahn awarded Stadler a €100m order to supply 16 FLIRT electric multiple-units for the Bremen/Niedersachsen S-Bahn services. The trains will enter service starting December 2022. [49]

In July 2019, Schleswig-Holstein rail authority NAH.SH awarded Stadler a €600m order for 55 battery-powered FLIRT Akku multiple unit trains along with maintenance for 30 years. The trains, which offer 150 km (93 mi) of battery range, were originally scheduled to enter operations in 2022 to replace DMUs on non-electrified routes. [50] Regular operations began in October 2023. [51]

Hungary

MÁV operates 123 units, while GYSEV operates twenty units from this series (2019).

It is planned that the first sixty units will be equipped with ETCS L2 signaling, control and train protection system, while all newer units are already equipped with ETCS L2. The units will also receive the blue and white colour scheme.

Italy

In Italy FLIRT units are used by six regional railways, with total units ordered and built divided among the following companies:

Ferrovie del Gargano: ETR 330, single voltage to 3 kV DC, maximum speed 160 km/h (99 mph). Fleet: three units. [58]

Ferrotramviaria: ETR 340, single-voltage 3 kV DC, maximum speed 160 km/h (99 mph). Fleet: four units. [59]

SAD used on Pustertal Railway, ETR 155 and ETR 170. Dual-voltage 15 kV AC and 3 kV DC. Fleet: four ETR 155 and six ETR 170. In July 2011 have been ordered eight new units for routes within the jurisdiction of SAD. As of 2020 there are eight FLIRT dual-voltage units, 001–008 (005–008 ex ETR 155), and 24 ETR 170.1 and 170.2 dual- and tri-voltage units (3 kV DC, 15 kV AC, 25 kV 50 Hz) [60]

Sistemi Territoriali: ETR 340 single-voltage 3 kV DC, maximum speed 160 km/h (99 mph). Fleet: two units from 2008, [61] four and sixteen FLIRT units ordered in 2009. The FLIRTs ordered in 2009 will be built in conjunction with AnsaldoBreda: Stadler Rail will produce end units, traction systems and onboard auxiliary, and bogies, while AnsaldoBreda will produce intermediate cars, final assembly, and delivery to the operators at the plant in Pistoia. [62]

Tilo (Switzerland and Italy): [63] RABe 524/ETR 150 dual-voltage 15 kV AC, 3 kV DC. Maximum speed 160 km/h (99 mph). The first 19 units of this type to be delivered were four sections long, followed by eleven units which are six sections long and equipped with ETCS Level 2. [64]

Ferrovie Emilia Romagna: Twelve units constructed with AnsaldoBreda: Stadler Rail will produce end units, traction systems and onboard auxiliary, end engines, while AnsaldoBreda will produce intermediate cars and handle final assembly and delivery to the operators at the plant in Pistoia. [62] [65]

Valle d'Aosta region (licensed to Trenitalia): BTR 813, electric multiple units with maximum speed of160 km/h (99 mph) and diesel multiple units with maximum speed of 140 km/h (87 mph)

Lithuania

On 21 June 2023, Lithuanian passenger rail operator LTG Link announced that it has ordered nine 5-car Stadler FLIRT EMUs and six 3-car FLIRT battery-electric multiple units, [66] [67] along with an option for a further 13 electric and 26 battery-electric units. [68] The trainsets are expected to began testing in 2025 with a projected entry to service in 2026. [69]

Netherlands

On 23 April 2015 the Netherlands' railway operator Nederlandse Spoorwegen announced that it was ordering 58 Stadler FLIRT EMUs, comprising 25 four-car units and 33 three-car units, to be delivered by the end of 2016. [70] [71] The very short delivery deadline (20 months), to meet capacity needs, allowed NS to invoke 'urgency mode' provisions in EU procurement rules and place the order without tendering. The 58 FLIRT EMUs for NS were produced at Stadler's plant in Siedlce, Poland, 92 km east of Warsaw, following the order which that plant completed for PKP Intercity in Poland. [72] Meanwhile, Arriva Nederland also ordered two- and three-car units for operation in the province of Limburg.

As of 2023, FLIRT 2, 3 and 4 EMUs are in service in the Netherlands with the following operators:

Norway

50 Flirt units were ordered by Vy (formerly Norwegian State Railways (NSB)), with a further 100 on option. 26 units were placed on Oslo Commuter Rail and the remaining 24 units were used on regional and express routes. [73] During spring and summer 2012 all Flirt trains used by Vy were fitted with free wireless Internet access for passengers. In Vy's system, the FLIRT trains are classified as Class 74 for regional trainsets and Class 75 for local trainsets.

All trains will be five-car sets; unlike previous five-car FLIRTs each will have a third powered bogie giving it a maximum power output of 4,500 kW (6,000 hp) and a top speed of 200 km/h (124 mph). [74] Trial runs started on the Bergen Line in 2009, using an SBB-CFF-FFS unit. The first units were scheduled to enter passenger service on 29 February 2012. The FLIRT's introduction was delayed after a unit derailed during tests by NSB on 15 February 2012, injuring five people. The train was running much too fast, and there were no safety systems along the railway to catch the driver's error. [75] [76]

The first train entered regular service on 2 May 2012 on the line from Skien to Lillehammer. [77] The last of the 50 trains was delivered on 24 January 2014. [78] Vy had ordered a further 57 trains, for a total of 107, as of October 2015. In 2017 an order for additional 18 was placed, for a total of 125, forty of which are short regional trains, and the rest local commuter trains. In July 2018, 36 short regional and 64 local commuter trains had been delivered.

Local Class 75 trains are configured with five seats (2+3) abreast. The Class 74 regional trains were also delivered with 2+3 seating on regional trains except in the premium "Komfort" section that had 2+2 seating. Significant passenger complaints over cramped seating led Vy to reconfigure the regional trains into 2+2 seating in 2014. [79]

These fleets have 800 mm (31+1⁄2 in) floor without steps. Many Norwegian platforms are too low for this floor height, so they will have to be raised to 550 mm (21+5⁄8 in) platform height. [note 1] These fleets cannot operate on low-platform lines such as the Bergen Line, the Sørlandet Line west of Kongsberg, and the Dovre Line north of Lillehammer. Raised platforms will be matched with conventional train steps; vertical gaps between this fleet and platforms will remain.

In 2018 the last options were used, which includes 25 trainsets, most of which include the Class 75 and 74 that are set to operate on Gjøvikbanen and Vossebanen.

The two last are bi-mode trains named Class 76. These are similar to the FLIRT 3s owned by Greater Anglia in the UK but each will have an extra carriage for diesel generators in order to operate on tracks without electrification and as fully electric on electrified parts of the railway.

In total 14 trainsets of the bi-modal Class 76 [80] will be delivered to serve Trønder Commuter Rail as well as the Meråker and Røros Lines. These will replace the aging Class 92's built by Duewag which are fully diesel. All this is included in Bane Nor (Norway's Rail Management Agency) and Jernbaneverkets's plan to finally modernize the Trøndelag Railways, which have outdated buildings and infrastructure. These lines were partially electrified, between Støren and Trondheim, by 2021, with further electrification to be implemented. [81]

In November 2022 the final 150th train set was delivered. [82]

In February 2023 Norway ordered 17 FLIRT NEX long-distance trains, with the option of up to 100 train sets, to enter testing in 2025 and service on the Bergen Line in 2026, replacing end-of-life trainsets on the line. These will be classified as 'Class 79' and have 8 wagons including reclining seats, flexible sleeping compartments that can be used as private seating areas during daytime use, bistro, and a family area. [83]

Poland

Koleje Mazowieckie in 2008 bought 10 four-car 3 kV DC (class ER75) units for services in the Warsaw region. Koleje Śląskie (KŚ) bought four four-car 3 kV DC units (class EN75) for service in Silesia. Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna [84] (ŁKA) in 2012 ordered 20 two-car FLIRT3 units for service in the region around Łódź, for delivery by February 2015. [85] PKP Intercity in August 2013 ordered 20 eight-car 3 kV DC FLIRT3 units (class ED160) with interiors for long-distance travel and top speed of 160 km/h (99 mph), for service on four long-distance routes in Poland, from a consortium of Stadler Polska and Newag for delivery by October 2015. [86] In 2018 Koleje Mazowieckie started another order of total 61 five-car 3 kV DC FLIRT3 units (class ER160) in five batches slated for deliveries from 2020 to 2022. [87] In 2019 PKP Intercity ordered further twelve eight-car 3 kV DC FLIRT3 units for deliveries through 2023. [88]

Portugal

In October 2020, Comboios de Portugal have ordered a delivery of 22 FLIRT units in 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in) for the renewal of its regional fleet, these are the first FLIRT trains in the Iberian Peninsula. [89] The order of 22 trains comprises 10 electric units (EMUs) and 12 bimodal units (BMUs). They will consist of three aluminium car-bodies with a maximum capacity for 375 passengers, 214 of them seated, with one additional generator car in bimodal units[ citation needed ]. These trains can reach a maximum speed of 160 and 140 kilometres per hour, depending on the power source used. The trains will have a length of 63.2 metres (207 ft 4+1⁄4 in) (EMU) and 74.4 metres (244 ft 1+1⁄8 in) (BMU). [90] Delivery is delayed, and expected for October 2025. [91]

Serbia

Srbija Voz ZS 413 approaching Tosin Bunar for a service to Novi Sad Srbija Voz ZS 413 approaching Tosin Bunar from Beograd.jpg
Srbija Voz ŽS 413 approaching Tošin Bunar for a service to Novi Sad

Serbian Railways operates 21 FLIRT 3 four-car EMUs with top speed of 160 km/h for regional traffic which were delivered in 2014 and 2015. [92] In 2022 further 18 units were ordered with deliveries expected to start from October 2023. [93] Trains are numbered ŽS 413/417. [94]

Slovenia

Slovenian Railways ordered eleven 235-passenger FLIRT EMUs (SŽ 510/515) and five 171-passenger DMUs (SŽ 610/615) in April 2018, for delivery by early 2020 [95] and exercised an option for a further 10 EMUs and 16 DMUs in May 2019 for delivery by late 2021, [96] bringing the total order up to 21 four-car EMUs and 21 three-car DMUs. Together with 10 Stadler KISS units there are 52 Stadler trainsets in Slovenia as of October 2022. [97]

Spain

Renfe Class 453 trainset under testing 453.001 de Renfe.jpg
Renfe Class 453 trainset under testing

Renfe's Cercanías division ordered 24 100 m (328 ft 1 in) trains and 55 200 m (656 ft 2 in) combined FLIRT/KISS EMUs classified as Renfe Class 453  [ es ] in 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in) for Cercanías Madrid and Rodalies de Catalunya in 2021, which are expected to enter service in 2025, replacing older rolling stock dating from the 1970s to the early 1990s. [98] [99] The 100 m variants will consist of two single-deck FLIRT end cars connected to two bilevel KISS intermediate cars, while the 200 m variants will feature two additional single-deck FLIRT intermediate cars. [100]

Sweden

X74 trainset at Gothenburg Central Station Vr flirt.jpg
X74 trainset at Gothenburg Central Station

VR Snabbtåg Sverige (then MTRX) ordered six Flirt EMUs for inter-city operation between Stockholm and Gothenburg. They are very similar to the Norwegian units, maximum 200 km/h, but have more comfortable seats aimed for longer distances, and a small café area. The first unit was delivered in November 2014. They started customer operation in March 2015. [101]

Switzerland

RABe 522 of the Swiss Federal Railways at Basel SBB FFS RABe 522 205 Basel SBB 180611.jpg
RABe 522 of the Swiss Federal Railways at Basel SBB
Stadler FLIRT of the Swiss Sudostbahn on Seedamm SOB FLIRT auf dem Seedamm.jpg
Stadler FLIRT of the Swiss Südostbahn on Seedamm

The Swiss Federal Railways were Stadler's first customer for the FLIRT when they ordered 42 units with options for 100 more in September 2002. The first vehicle was delivered in 2004 for the use on the Stadtbahn Zug . [102]

Meanwhile, the Swiss Federal Railways have ordered a total of 117 units that can be broken down into four different types that differ in their equipment for driving in neighboring countries. The base version is the class RABe 523 that is used on the Stadtbahn Zug and the RER Vaud . These 43 4-section units can only be used within Switzerland. The 30 RABe 521 and 14 RABe 522 are versions that can also be used in Germany and France respectively. They also consist of four sections and are used on the Basel S-Bahn. The last version is the Italy-capable RABe 524/ETR 150 that is used on Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia (TILO) services in Ticino and northern Italy. The first 19 units of this type to be delivered were four sections long, and were followed by eleven units ordered that six-sections long and are additionally equipped with the ETCS Level 2 train control system. [64]

In December 2018, SBB ordered seven trains, with an option of seven more. They will be manufactured 2019–2021. Each train has four single-deck cars, with a total of 27 seats in first class and 154 in second class. The SBB name is 'Mouette' (lit. 'Seagull'). [103]

Besides the Swiss Federal Railways two other companies in Switzerland operate FLIRT trains: The Südostbahn (SOB) uses several trains with the designation RABe 526 (FLIRT and FLIRT-III, including the Traverso used as Voralpen Express , Treno Gottardo , Aare-Linth and Alpenrhein-Express ). The Transports Publics Neuchâtelois (TransN) owns three RABe 527 and four RABe 523 trains.

BLS ordered 58 six-car EMU sets in May 2017 for service on RegioExpress and Bern S-Bahn routes, with delivery scheduled to take place between 2021 and 2026. [104]

United Kingdom

Stadler bi-mode FLIRT Class 755 for Greater Anglia Class 755 at Great Yarmouth.jpg
Stadler bi-mode FLIRT Class 755 for Greater Anglia

In August 2016 Greater Anglia selected Stadler FLIRT electric and bi-mode units for the East Anglia franchise to replace its Class 90 electric locomotives, Mark 3 carriages and Driving Van Trailers, Class 153, 156 and 170 diesel multiple units, and Class 379 electric multiple units. This comprised 14 three-car and 24 four-car bi-mode multiple units (Class 755) and 20 twelve-car electric multiple units (Class 745) (of which ten will be used for Stansted Express and ten for Intercity services). [105]

Wales

In June 2018, KeolisAmey Wales announced it would purchase 35 FLIRT trains: 24 (seven three-car and 17 four-car) tri-mode Class 756 units and eleven four-car diesel-electric Class 231 units for the South Wales Metro.

United States

On 9 June 2015 Trinity Metro signed a contract for the supply of eight four-car articulated FLIRT3 diesel-electric multiple units for the TEXRail commuter line, which opened in January 2019. The contract was signed at a ceremony held at Fort Worth Central Station. The contract is valued at $107 million, and includes the supply of components for 10 years. The contract also includes an option for an additional 24 DMUs. This is Stadler's first order for its FLIRT family in the US (previous orders have been for the GTW), and the first to include federal funding and thus be subject to the Buy America Act. As such, one element of the contract is that the final assembly of the trains will take place in the US, and several assembly sites such as in Lewisville were considered for the facility. Stadler eventually leased space from the Utah Transit Authority in their former Union Pacific shops in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Public unveiling events for the completed American-built FLIRT units occurred in both Atlanta, Georgia on 9 October 2017 and Salt Lake City, on the Salt Lake, Garfield and Western Railway, on 13 October 2017 as Stadler broke ground for their permanent Salt Lake facility. [106] [107] [108] [109]

Three two-car FLIRT sets were built for the Arrow commuter rail service in Redlands, California, [110] which started operation in 2022. [111] The $31.4 million contract includes the vehicles themselves, spare parts, and training for servicing and operation. [112] In November 2019, the San Bernardino County Transportation Authority ordered an additional FLIRT powered via hydrogen fuel cell, the first such train in the United States. [113] In September 2022, an order of four additional hydrogen-powered trains was announced by Stadler and CalSTA for Amtrak California inter-city services. [114]

Eight four-car sets are to enter service with Dallas Area Rapid Transit on the Silver Line when it opens in 2026. [115] [116] [117]

In February 2024, Metra ordered 16 of the battery–electric Akku model for use on the Beverly Branch of the Rock Island Line. [118]

Cancelled contracts

Latvia

On 1 July 2014 Latvian rail operator Pasažieru vilciens announced that it would acquire FLIRT trains as part of a hire/purchase contract, [119] however Pv owner Latvian Railways ultimately withdrew the contract and no procurement went ahead.

Accidents and incidents

Fleet details

ClassOperator [note 2] No. builtYear builtCars per setUnit nos.Notes
Azerbaijan
EŞR Azerbaijan Railways CJSC 35EŞR-001 – EŞR-003FLIRTG EMU R (25 kV, 1520 mm gauge), designed for regional traffic. [131] The 'G' indicates that they comply with GOST standards. [132]
EŞI3EŞI-001 – EŞI-003FLIRTG EMU IR (25 kV, 1520 mm gauge), designed for interregional traffic. [131]
DŞI4DŞI-001 – DŞI-004FLIRTG DMU IR (1520 mm gauge), designed for interregional traffic. [133]
Canada
FLIRT3 OC Transpo 720214C10–C16For use on the Trillium Line.

DEMU

Czech Republic
480 LEO Express 55408 001 – 408 0053 kV DC EMU used on Prague–Ostrava–Žilina–Košice. [134] [135]
Estonia
Elron 122012–20133FLIRT EMU (3 kV), 1520 mm gauge. [136] [137]
64
62FLIRT DEMU, 1520 mm gauge. [138] [139]
82012–20143
64
Finland
Sm5 VR 812008–2017401–32, [140] 33–41, [141]

42–75, [141] 76–81 [141]

FLIRT EMU (25 kV AC), 1524 mm gauge. Owned by Pääkaupunkiseudun Junakalusto Oy, leased to the Helsinki Regional Transport Authority (HSL), operated by VR, used on the Helsinki commuter rail network.
SmX204FLIRT EMU (25 kV AC), 1524 mm gauge. [142]
Germany
BR 429.0 DB Regio AG 55429 026 – 030FLIRT EMU (15 kV). [143]
BR 429.1285429 100 – 429 127FLIRT3 EMU operated on SÜWEX (Südwest Express) line in Rhineland-Palatinate. [144] [145] These EMU's are coupled with CFL KISS EMU's between Koblenz Hbf and Trier Hbf.
BR 65264426526 001 – 6526 044FLIRT Akku BEMU 2-4/8 (without jacobs bogies) operated on Palatinate railway lines in Germany. [146] One side is designated BR 6526 while the other side is designated BR 6826.
BR 426.1 Abellio Rail NRW 82ET 22 005 ET 22 005FLIRT EMU (15 kV) operated on Ruhr-Sieg-Netz (Essen-Siegen, Essen-Hagen, Hagen-Iserlohn and Hagen-Siegen). [147] Currently operated by DB Regio AG.
BR 427.193ET 23 005 ET 23 005
BR 34271733427 001 – 3427 017FLIRT 3XL EMU operated on S-Bahn Rhein-Ruhr. [148] Currently operated by DB Regio AG.
BR 34292453429 001 – 3429 024
BR 1429145ET 25 2201 – ET 25 221415 kV FLIRT3 EMU operated in North Rhine-Westphalia. [149] [150] Currently operated by VIAS Rail.
BR 242975ET 25 2301 – ET 25 2307Multi-system FLIRT3 EMU (1.5+15+25 kV) equipped for services to the Netherlands (Düsseldorf Hbf - Arnhem Centraal). [149] [150] Currently operated by VIAS Rail in North Rhine-Westphalia.
BR 1427 Go-Ahead,

now Arverio

133ET 3 [151] FLIRT 3 EMU operated in Baden-Württemberg.
BR 142894ET 4
BR 1429195ET 5 [151]
BR 1430146ET 6
BR 3427113ET 9.01 – ET 9.11FLIRT 3XL EMU operated in Baden-Württemberg, Murrbahn. [152]
BR 2429 Eurobahn 85ET 4.01 – ET 4.0815 kV FLIRT3 EMU, leased from Alpha Trains. Multi-system and equipped for services to the Netherlands (Hengelo - Bielefeld Hbf).
BR 142955ET 4.21 – ET 4.2515 kV FLIRT3 EMU, leased from Alpha Trains. [153]
BR 428254ET 5.01 – ET 5.2515 kV FLIRT EMU. [154]
BR 42844ET 6.01 – ET 6.0415 kV FLIRT EMU. Used on RE13 route to the Netherlands (Venlo - Hamm (Westf)).
BR 429.0145ET 7.01 – ET 7.1415 kV FLIRT EMU. Used on RE13 route to the Netherlands (Venlo - Hamm (Westf)).
BR 427143ET 8.01 – ET 8.1415 kV FLIRT EMU.
BR 429.055ET 9.01 – ET 9.0515 kV FLIRT EMU.
Hungary
415 MAV 60 [155] 2007–20104FLIRT EMU (25 kV AC).
GYSEV 42012
MAV 42 [155] 2013
GYSEV 6
MAV 212015
435 GYSEV 102016FLIRT3 EMU (25 kV AC). [156]
Netherlands
FLIRT-II Abellio 62015-201622010-2015FLIRT3 EMU (1.5 kV) operated on route Gouda - Alphen aan den Rijn. [157]
FLIRT-III NS Reizigers 332015–201732201–2233FLIRT3 EMU (1.5 kV) [158] [159] operated on Hoofdrailnet (South Eastern parts of the Netherlands). [160] Nicknamed "FFF"—"Flirt Fast Forward".
FLIRT-IV2542501–2525
FLIRT-III Keolis Nederland 9201737301–7309FLIRT3 EMU (1.5 kV) operated on regional services Zwolle–Enschede and Zwolle–Kampen
FLIRT-IV747401–7407
FLIRT-III Keolis Nederland(RRReis)2201735038–5039FLIRT3 EMU (1.5 kV). Former Connexxion units for use on the Valleilijn between Ede-Wageningen and Amersfoort.
FLIRT-II Arriva Nederland 1520162450–464FLIRT3 EMU (1.5 kV) operated on regional services in Limburg.
FLIRT-III Arriva Nederland 1320233560–572FLIRT3 EMU (1.5 kV) operated on regional services in Limburg.
FLIRT-IIImc Arriva Nederland 82017–20183550–557Multi-system FLIRT3 EMU suitable for Belgium (3 kV), the Netherlands (1.5 kV) and Germany (15 kV). [161] These units were refitted with ECTS between 2021 and 2023 for operations in Belgium in order to operate a service between Aachen - Heerlen - Maastricht - Liège.
Norway
74 Vy 53 [162] 2010–20225FLIRT Nordic EMU (15 kV) [163] operated on regional services (Eastern parts of Norway).
7563 [164] 2012–2020FLIRT Nordic EMU (15 kV) [163] operated on Oslo Commuter Rail
75–2 Vy Gjøvikbanen
Vy Tog 		20 [165] 2017–2019FLIRT Nordic EMU (15 kV) [163] operated on Gjøvik Line, Bergen Commuter Rail
76 SJ Norge 142020–2021FLIRT NT BMU (diesel/battery/15 kV) used on Trøndelag/Trondheim Commuter Rail, Røros Line. [166] [80]
Norske tog AS 88FLIRT Nordic Express. Type A: EMU (15 kV+25 kV) with day and night configuration. [167]
47FLIRT Nordic Express. Type B: BMU (15 kV+25 kV+diesel) with day and night configuration. Car 'A' is a dedicated 'powerhead' for traction. [168]
38FLIRT Nordic Express. Type C: EMU (15 kV+25 kV) with day configuration. [169]
28FLIRT Nordic Express. Type D: EMU (15 kV+25 kV) with day configuration and a cargo car. [170]
Poland
EN 75 Koleje Śląskie 420084FLIRT EMU (3 kV) for regional services in Silesia. [171]
ER 75 Koleje Mazowieckie 1020084FLIRT EMU (3 kV) for regional services in Mazovia. [172] [173]
LM-4268 Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna 202014-20153FLIRT3 EMU operated on regional services in Łódź metropolitan area. Initially 2 cars per set, later extended to 3 cars. [174]
ED 160 PKP Intercity 2020158FLIRT3 EMU (3 kV). [175] [176] Used for routes connecting major cities. [177]
122022-2023
ER 160 Koleje Mazowieckie 612020-20235FLIRT3 EMU operated on regional services in Mazovia.
752025-5Upon delivery, Koleje Mazowieckie will become the largest single operator of FLIRT trains.
Spain
Adif 3162-010 – 162-012FLIRT EDMU (3 kV + 25 kV) used for testing and measurements; two are built for 1668 mm gauge (010 and 012) and one for 1435 mm gauge (011). Nicknamed "Doctor Green". [178]
FGC 43FLIRT EMU (3 kV) operated in Lleida. [179]
T100 Renfe 244FLIRT HC EMU (3 kV). [180]
T20035 + 208
Switzerland
RABe 523.0 SBB CFF FFS 432004–20054523 001–523 043FLIRT EMU used in the Stadtbahn Zug and in the RER Vaud as RABe 523.
RABe 521.0302004–2006521 001–521 010 [181]

521 011–521 030 [182]

FLIRT EMU (15 kV) operated in the Regio S-Bahn Basel as RABe 521 they also have a permit for Germany. [183]
RABe 521.2 (RABe 526.6)9521 201–521 209 [184] 15 kV FLIRT EMU. Originally numbered RABe 526 651 – 526 659.
RABe 524.0192007–2008524 001 –524 019 [185] [186] Multi-system FLIRT EMU (3+15 kV). First set of regional trains for the TILO network in Ticino and the Lombardia-Region (Italy), used as RABe 524 and also holds a permit for Italy.
RABe 527.3 TransN 32007–2009527 331–527 333Used as regional trains and RegioExpress.
RABe 526.0 SOB 232007–2013526 041 –526 051 [187]

526 052 –526 063

FLIRT EMU (15 kV AC). Used on Lucerne S-Bahn line S31, St. Gallen S-Bahn lines S4 and S6, Zurich S-Bahn lines S13 and S40, and as extension set to "Traverso" (FLIRT-III) sets on the InterRegio Voralpen Express during peak hours.
RABe 524.1 SBB CFF FFS 172010–2011

(2014)

6524 101 –524 111, [186]

524 112 –524 117 [186]

Multi-system FLIRT EMU (3+15 kV). Second set of regional trains for the TILO network in Ticino and the Lombardia Region (Italy), used as RABe 524.1 and also holds a permit for Italy. As an improvement over the previous iteration, it now has 6 cars instead of 4 and a second onboard toilet.
RABe 527.1 TPF 82011–20144527 191–527 198 [188] FLIRT EMU (15 kV) used as RER Fribourg and RegioExpress (Bern-Fribourg/Freiburg-Romont FR-Bulle-Broc-Chocolaterie) as RABe 527.
RABe 524.2 SBB CFF FFS 42014524 201–524 204 [186] Multi-system FLIRT EMU (3+15 kV). Third set of regional trains for the TILO network in Ticino and the Lombardia Region (Italy), used as RABe 524.2 and also holds a permit for Italy. This model is back to 4 cars, but it has a brand new color theme to be applied to the original RABe 524 as well.
RABe 523.0 TransN 2017523 074 –523 077 [189] FLIRT EMU. Used as regional trains and RegioExpress.
RABe 522.2 SBB CFF FFS 32(2011)

2017–2019

522 201 –214, [190]

522 215 –522 232 [191]

FLIRT EMU (15+25 kV AC). Used in multiple regional lines and the Léman Express as RABe 522 they also have a permit for France
RABe 524.3 SBB CFF FFS 146524 301 –524 305,

524 306 –524 314

Multi-system FLIRT3 EMU for TILO services. [192]
RABe 526 SOB 62019–20214526 001 –526 00615 kV FLIRT EMU. Used on St. Gallen S-Bahn lines S4 and S6, Zurich S-Bahn lines S13 and S40, and as extension set to "Traverso" sets on InterRegio ines during peak hours. [193] [152]
232019–20218526 101/201 –526 117/21715 kV FLIRT EMU. Also known as "Traverso" used on InterRegio lines over the Gotthard Panoramaroute (Treno Gottardo), between Bern and Chur (Aare-Linth), and between Luzern and St. Gallen ( Voralpen Express ). [193] [152]
RABe 528 BLS AG 562021–20266528 101–130, 528 201–228FLIRT EMU, also known as 'MIKA'. Used on the S-Bahn Bern network and on RegioExpress lines.
United Kingdom
745/0 Greater Anglia 102018-202012 [194] 745001–745010EMU for Intercity services
745/1 10745101–745110EMU for Stansted Express services
755/4 244755401–755424Bi-mode [195]
755/3 143755301–755314
756/0 Transport for Wales 72021–20233756001 – 756007Tri-mode [196]
756/1 174756101 – 756117
231 112021–2022231001 –231011 DEMU [197]
United States
Trinity Metro 82015–20184TEXRail DEMU #101–108 TEXRail
DEMU
Metrolink 32018–20222 Arrow
DEMU
12019–2024 Arrow
Hydrail, on order
Akku Metra 8 [note 3] 2024–2 [note 4] TBD Battery electric multiple units for the Rock Island District. On order.

See also

Sources

References

  1. ↑ Also in Poland, low platforms have been raised during Polish FLIRT delivery.
  2. ↑ Operator when the vehicle was originally built; if the vehicle is currently operated by another company, please state this in the 'Notes' column.
  3. ↑ Base order. Options include 8 more trainsets, 16 trailer cars with toilets, and 16 trailer cars without toilets. [118]
  4. ↑ Can be extended with the optional trailers, if needed. [118]
  1. ↑ Stadler wins tender for up to 510 FLIRT trains for Switzerland, stadlerrail.com, 5 October 2021
  2. ↑ "Produktdetail - Stadler" . Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  3. ↑ "Home – Stadler".
  4. 1 2 "Vlaky Leo Express budou černo-zlaté a vyjdou o třetinu levněji než pendolino" (in Czech). 11 December 2010.
  5. 1 2 "City secures funding to extend O-Train Trillium Line to the heart of Riverside South – Stage 2 Ottawa". Stage 2 Ottawa. Archived from the original on 15 August 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  6. ↑ "Stadler wins tender for up to 510 FLIRT trains for Switzerland, October 2021" (PDF).
  7. ↑ "Italian region orders bi-mode Stadler Flirts". 13 May 2015.
  8. ↑ Stadler Bussnang AG. "FLIRT BIMODAL LOW-FLOOR MULTIPLE-UNIT Valle D'Aosta Region, Italy" (PDF). stadlerrail.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  9. ↑ "[UK] New images of the Stadler FLIRT UK interior and exterior". Railcolor News. 8 October 2016.
  10. ↑ "Innotrans: Stadler presenta alla Regione Val d'Aosta il modello del BMU". 26 September 2016.
  11. ↑ "New trains as Abellio scoops East Anglia franchise". railmagazine.com. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  12. ↑ "Abellio confirms deal with Stadler and Rock Rail for new trains | Abellio". abellio.com. Archived from the original on 19 December 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  13. ↑ "Stadler signs largest UK order with Abellio East Anglia and Rock Rail". Stadler Rail. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  14. ↑ railcolornews.com/2019/02/06/no-expert-25-flirts-for-norske-tog-bimodal-units-included-update-edit/
    "[NO / Expert] +25 FLIRTs for Norske Tog – bimodal units included [update/edit]"
    Written by Ferry Lissenberg on 6 February 2019
  15. ↑ "[UK] Official: Stadler is preferred bidder to supply 71 trains for Wales & Borders (video)". 13 August 2018.
  16. ↑ "Stadler unveils TEX Rail Flirt DMU". 10 October 2017.
  17. ↑ Hill, Joshua S. (3 April 2024). "Hydrogen powered train achieves new distance record". The Driven. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  18. ↑ "Stadler wins Alger contract". Railway Gazette International . 1 May 2006. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  19. ↑ "First Flirt to Algeria". Railway Gazette International . 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 5 August 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  20. ↑ "Broad-gauge network FLIRTs for Azerbaijan". Railcolor News. 27 November 2019.
  21. ↑ "Azerbaijan Brings Stadler's Cutting-Edge Trains to Caspian". Caspian News. 27 November 2019.
  22. ↑ Welti, Philipp (27 November 2019). "Stadler sells its FLIRT to Azerbaijan for the first time" (PDF). Stadler Rail AG. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  23. ↑ Stadler wins in Belarus Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ↑ UK, DVV Media. "More Flirts for Belarus". Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  25. ↑ "3 июня из Гомеля в Минск отправилась первая электричка". gp.by. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  26. ↑ "Поездом без остановок из Бреста в Минск за 3 часа 15 минут – БрестСИТИ". 29 May 2014.
  27. ↑ "Belarus Railways receives Stadler inter-city EMU". 30 December 2015.
  28. ↑ "Belarus Railways orders more Stadler Flirt EMUs". 18 January 2019.
  29. ↑ "OC Explained: Line 2 & Line 4 Trial Running". OC Transpo. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  30. ↑ "Danish battery train order signed". Railway Gazette International. 9 October 2024.
  31. ↑ "Elektriraudtee orders Stadler Flirt trains". Railway Gazette International . 12 April 2010.
  32. ↑ "Train accident takes two lives". 17 April 2014.
  33. ↑ "FOTOD ja VIDEO: Tallinna-Tartu rongile sõitis veoauto sisse, hukkus kaks inimest, vigastada sai 12 inimest". Delfi . 16 April 2014.
  34. ↑ "Stadleri praakrongid: majandusminister Palo kohtub Elroni juhiga". Ärileht. 19 November 2014.
  35. ↑ "Helsingin kaupunki – Esisopimus VR-Yhtymä Oy:n omistamien Pääkaupunkiseudun Junakalusto Oy:n osakkeiden ostamisesta" . Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  36. ↑ "Electric low-floor multiple unit FLIRT: Sm5 trains for Junakalusto Oy, Finland" (PDF). Stadler Rail. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2008.
  37. ↑ "34 new Flirt trains for commuter train services". HSL. 12 September 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  38. ↑ "SRS uutiset 2008" (in Finnish). Suomen raitiotieseura. 12 November 2008. Archived from the original on 5 June 2008. Retrieved 12 November 2008.
  39. ↑ "Uusi Sm5 toimii kuin junan vessa". HS.fi (in Finnish). Helsingin Sanomat. 18 December 2008. Retrieved 19 December 2008.
  40. ↑ "Uusi kaupunkijuna liikenteeseen" (in Finnish). Pääkaupunkiseudun Junakalusto Oy. 13 November 2009. Archived from the original on 7 March 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
  41. ↑ "Finnish rail firm VR unveils new Swiss-designed commuter trains". News. 29 November 2022.
  42. ↑ "Major order for Stadler Pankow". Stadler Rail. 18 October 2006. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2009.
  43. ↑ "Eurobahn signs operating contract". Railway Gazette International . 25 August 2009. Archived from the original on 4 January 2010.
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  46. ↑ Go-Ahead orders Flirt EMU fleet Archived 8 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine Railway Gazette International 11 May 2016
  47. ↑ Stadler wins Go-Ahead Stuttgart train contract International Railway Journal 11 May 2016
  48. ↑ "Transdev announces EMU order as Hannover S-Bahn operating contract confirmed". Railway Gazette International. 7 November 2018. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
  49. ↑ "Transdev orders Regio-S-Bahn Bremen Flirts". Railway Gazette. 13 June 2019.
  50. ↑ "Battery answer to Schleswig-Holstein's diesel replacement question". Railway Gazette. 2 July 2019. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
  51. ↑ "FLIRT Akku BEMU certified for commercial service - start in October". 11 September 2023.
  52. ↑ "Budapest Flirt depot inaugurated". Railway Gazette International . 2 June 2007. Archived from the original on 9 June 2012.
  53. ↑ "GySEV orders Flirts for upgraded line". Railway Gazette International . 18 April 2012.
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  62. 1 2 "Stadler e AnsaldoBreda si aggiudicano la... | Media | Stadler". Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
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  66. ↑ https://ltg.lt/en/naujienos/2023/ltg-link-and-the-swiss-capital-company-stadler-will-purchase-15-new-electric-and-electric-battery-trains/
  67. ↑ https://stadlerrail.com/en/media/article/stadler-flirt-enters-new-market-first-contract-awarded-in-lithuania/1423/
  68. ↑ https://www.railway-technology.com/contract-news/stadler-to-roll-out-flirt-in-lithuania/
  69. ↑ "Interior design project of Stadler EMU for Lithuania unveiled". 2 September 2024.
  70. ↑ Stadler Rail Group (23 April 2015). "MEDIA RELEASE - Stadler on track for success in the Netherlands" (PDF). stadlerrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  71. ↑ Ltd, DVV Media International. "NS confirms direct order for 58 Stadler EMUs". Railway Gazette.[ permanent dead link ]
  72. ↑ Kolejowy, Kurier. "58 FLIRT-ów dla Holendrów powstanie w Polsce". kurierkolejowy.eu.
  73. ↑ "NSB selects Stadler for largest train order". Railway Gazette International . 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012.
  74. ↑ "FLIRT for the Norwegian State Railways Datasheet" (PDF). Stadler Rail AG. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2005.
  75. 1 2 "Flirt-toget kjørte i 135 km/t i 70-sonen". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). 17 February 2012. Archived from the original on 19 February 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
  76. 1 2 Indreiten, Aina Beate; Stensholt, Anette Dotseth (6 June 2014). "Dømmes, men slipper straff" (in Norwegian). NRK. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  77. ↑ "Dette blir bedre med de nye Flirt-togene". Teknisk Ukeblad . 2 May 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
  78. ↑ "50 FLIRTs delivered to Norway on schedule". Archived from the original on 8 December 2015.
  79. ↑ Garathun, Mari Gisvold (11 March 2014). "Mot slutten av sommeren vil alle setene på Flirt-togene være komfortseter" (in Norwegian). Teknisk Ukeblad. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  80. 1 2 Stadler Bussnang AG. "Bi-mode multiple unit – FLIRT NORDIC Norske tog AS, Norway" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  81. ↑ "Samferdselsministeren avduket nye hybridtog i Trondheim". 7 September 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  82. ↑ "Norske tog har mottatt FLIRT-tog nr 150". www.norsketog.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  83. ↑ "Stadler skal levere Norges nye fjerntog". www.norsketog.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  84. ↑ pl:Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna
  85. ↑ "Elektryczny niskopodłogowy zespół trakcyjny FLIRT dla Łódzkiej Kolei Aglomeracyjnej" (PDF). www.stadlerrail.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
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  131. 1 2 CJSC Stadler Minsk. "ELECTRIC MULTIPLE UNIT FLIRTG Azerbaijan Railways CJSC, Azerbaijan" (PDF). stadlerrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  132. ↑ "FLIRTs for ADY". Railvolution. 21 August 2024. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
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  134. ↑ Stadler Bussnang AG. "ELECTRIC INTERCITY MULTIPLE UNIT FLIRT LEO Express a.s., Czech Republic" (PDF). stadlerrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 October 2020.
  135. ↑ Stadler Bussnang AG. "Electric Intercity Multiple-unit FLIRT for LEO Express a.s., Czech Republic" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2014.
  136. ↑ Stadler Bussnang AG. "НизкопольНый моторвагоННый электропоезд FLIRT Eesti Liinirongid AS (Elron), Эстония" [ELECTRIC LOW-FLOOR MULTIPLE UNIT FLIRT Eesti Liinirongid AS (Elron), Estonia](PDF). stadlerrail.com (in Russian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  137. ↑ ABB. "COMPACT CONVERTER BORDLINE® CC750 DC_3kV For regional trains (EMUs) with 3 kVdc grid voltage" (PDF). abb.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2024. BORDLINE® CC750 DC Compact Converter is a rugged unit based on modern 3.3 kV IGBTs. It can control either one or two motors in parallel. This Compact Converter makes use of ABB's well-proven 3-level topology (…) BORDLINE® CC750 DC_3kV is mounted in Stadler's broad-gauge electrical trains of the type FLIRT for El- ron in Estonia. (…) BORDLINE® CC750 DC_3kV_M_1300
  138. ↑ Stadler Bussnang AG. "DIESEL LOW-FLOOR MULTIPLE UNIT FLIRT Eesti Liinirongid AS (Elron), Estonia" (PDF). stadlerrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  139. ↑ ABB. "COMPACT CONVERTER BORDLINE® CC750 DE, energy storage option For diesel-electric regional trains" (PDF). abb.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 December 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2024. BORDLINE® CC750 DE Compact Converter is a compact and solid unit incorporating modern IGBT technology and can control one or two motors in parallel. With a constant high switching frequency of 2 kHz (…) The BORDLINE® CC750 DE is used in Stadler's diesel-electic fleet (GTW and FLIRT). The BORDLINE® CC750 DE version with supercapacitors is installed in Stadler's FLIRT DMU fleet for Elron, Estonia. (…) BORDLINE® CC750 DE_D_M_900
  140. ↑ Stadler Bussnang AG. "Electric low-floor multiple unit FLIRT Sm5 trains for Junakalusto Oy, Finland" (PDF). stadlerrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2009.
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  142. ↑ Stadler Polska Sp. z o.o. "ELECTRIC LOW-FLOOR MULTIPLE UNIT FLIRT SMX VR, Finland" (PDF). stadlerrail.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  143. ↑ Stadler Pankow GmbH. "Elektrischer Niederflurtriebzug FLIRT für die DB Regio AG" (PDF). stadlerrail.com (in German). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2007. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
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  145. ↑ ABB Switzerland Ltd. "COMPACT CONVERTER BORDLINE® CC1500 AC_15-25kV For electric multiple units" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2019. BORDLINE® CC1500 AC is mounted in the electric multiple unit trains for DB Regio NRW in Nordrhein-Westfalen and DB Regio in Rheinland-Pfalz. The FLIRT3 trains produced by Stadler are equipped with a redundant ABB traction chain with two Compact Converters and two traction transformers.
  146. ↑ Stadler Deutschland GmbH. "FLIRT AKKU 2-CAR UNIT Deutsche Bahn AG, Germany" (PDF). stadlerrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  147. ↑ Stadler Pankow GmbH. "Elektrischer Niederflurtriebzug FLIRT für die Abellio GmbH" (PDF) (in German). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  148. ↑ Stadler Pankow GmbH. "ELEKTRISCHER NIEDERFLURTRIEBZUG FLIRT Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr (VRR), Deutschland" (PDF) (in German). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  149. 1 2 Stadler Pankow GmbH. "ELEKTRISCHER NIEDERFLUR-TRIEBZUG FLIRT Zweckverband Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr/Abellio Rail NRW GmbH" (PDF) (in German). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  150. 1 2 Stadler Pankow GmbH. "Elektrischer Niederflurtriebzug FLIRT für den Zweckverband Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr/Abellio Rail NRW GmbH" (PDF) (in German). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  151. 1 2 "ELEKTRISCHER NIEDERFLURTRIEBZUG FLIRT Schienenfahrzeuge Baden-Württemberg AöR (SFBW)/Go-Ahead Baden-Württemberg GmbH, Deutschland" (PDF). stadlerrail.com (in German). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 December 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  152. 1 2 3 ABB Switzerland Ltd. "BORDLINE® CC1500 AC_15-25kV Most efficient traction chain for regional trains" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024. ABB patented multilevel converter topology (…) BORDLINE® CC1500 AC is used in the trains of the type FLIRT and KISS for AB Transitio, BLS, Go-Ahead (Murrbahn), SOB and VRR. Each train is equipped with a redundant ABB traction chain with two Compact Converters and two traction transformers.
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  155. 1 2 Stadler Bussnang AG. "Electric low-floor multiple unit FLIRT for MÁV ZRt. (Hungarian State Railways), Hungary" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 January 2020.
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  157. ↑ Stadler Bussnang AG. "ELECTRIC LOW-FLOOR MULTIPLE-UNIT FLIRT Abellio, Gouda-Alphen concession, the Netherlands" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  158. ↑ Stadler Bussnang AG. "Electric low-floor multiple-unit FLIRT for NS the Netherlands" (PDF). stadlerrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  159. ↑ Stadler Polska Sp. z o.o. "ELECTRIC LOW-FLOOR MULTIPLE-UNIT FLIRT Nederlandse Spoorwegen NS, The Netherlands" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  160. ↑ "Sprinter (Stadler/Flirt)" (PDF). NS. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  161. ↑ "ELECTRIC LOW-FLOOR MULTIPLE-UNIT FLIRT 1.5kV/3kV/15kV For Arriva Netherlands, Limburg concession (Preliminary data)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  162. ↑ "Norske tog –type 74" . Retrieved 20 November 2018.
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  164. ↑ "Norske tog –type 75" . Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  165. ↑ "Norske tog –type 75-2" . Retrieved 20 November 2018.
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  167. ↑ Stadler Rheintal AG. "ELECTRIC MULTIPLE UNIT – FLIRT NORDIC EXPRESS Norske tog AS, Norway" (PDF). stadlerrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  168. ↑ Stadler Rheintal AG. "BI-MODE MULTIPLE UNITS – FLIRT NORDIC EXPRESS Norske tog AS, Norway" (PDF). stadlerrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  169. ↑ Stadler Rheintal AG. "ELECTRIC MULTIPLE UNIT – FLIRT NORDIC EXPRESS Norske tog AS, Norway" (PDF). stadlerrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  170. ↑ Stadler Rheintal AG. "ELECTRIC MULTIPLE UNIT – FLIRT NORDIC EXPRESS Norske tog AS, Norway" (PDF). stadlerrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  171. ↑ Stadler Polska Sp. z o.o. "Elektryczny niskopodłogowy zespół trakcyjny FLIRT dla Śląska" (PDF) (in Polish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
  172. ↑ Stadler Polska Sp. z o.o. "Elektryczny niskopodłogowy zespół trakcyjny FLIRT dla Mazowsza" (PDF). Stadler.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2009.
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  174. ↑ "ŁKA: Pierwszy wydłużony Flirt wyjeżdża na tory". www.rynek-kolejowy.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  175. ↑ Stadler Rail Group. "ELECTRIC MULTIPLE UNIT FLIRT PKP Intercity, Poland" (PDF). stadlerrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 June 2023.
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  177. ↑ "PKP Intercity odbiera pierwsze FLIRTY" (in Polish). 16 September 2022.
  178. ↑ ""Doctor Green" On Test At Velim". Railvolution. 28 February 2023. Archived from the original on 14 April 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  179. ↑ Stadler Rail Valencia S.A.U. "FLIRT LOW-FLOOR EMU Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain" (PDF). stadlerrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 February 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
  180. ↑ Stadler Rail Valencia S.A.U. "HIGH CAPACITY COMMUTER TRAIN Renfe, Spain" (PDF). stadlerrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
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  183. ↑ "Automotrice à plancher bas pour service suburbain" (PDF). EPFL . Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  184. ↑ Stadler Bussnang AG. "Electric Low-floor Multiple-unit FLIRT for the SBB GmbH (Germany)" (PDF). stadlerrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 October 2007.
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