CAF Urbos

Last updated

CAF Urbos
Vue des trams a Sclessin Standard retournement 2.jpg
Two Urbos 3 trams in Liège.
Budapest, CAF villamos, 2.jpg
The interior of an Urbos 3 in Budapest.
Stock type Tram/streetcar/light rail vehicle (LRV)
Manufacturer Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF)
Constructed2002–present

The CAF Urbos is a family of trams, streetcars, and light rail vehicles built by CAF. The Spanish manufacturer CAF previously made locomotives, passenger cars, regional, and underground trains. In 1993, CAF started building trams for Metrovalencia, with the delivery of 16 trams until 1999. This was a variant of a Siemens design and some components were delivered by Siemens, including bogies and traction motors. This design was also sold to Lisbon Trams in 1995; CAF then decided to design and build the Urbos in-house.

Contents

There are three generations of the CAF Urbos, namely the Urbos 1, Urbos 2, and Urbos 3. The first generation was ordered by the Bilbao tram operator, who received eight trams between 2002 and 2004. The second generation was sold to other operators in Spain, and the third generation is sold in Spain, elsewhere in Europe, the United States, Australia and in the UK. Manufacturing locations include Beasain, Zaragoza and Linares, Spain; Elmira, New York, USA; Hortolandia, Brazil; Newport, UK; Huehuetoca, Mexico; and Bagnères-de-Bigorre, France. [1]

Urbos 1

Urbos 1 tram in Bilbao Bilbao 05 2012 EuskoTran 2846.JPG
Urbos 1 tram in Bilbao

This series was only sold to Euskotren Tranbia to operate tram services in Bilbao. [2] The original Bilbao tram system was shut down in 1964 and the second generation opened in December 2002 with extensions in 2004. [3]

Urbos 2

Urbos 2 operating on Seville Metro line 1 Sevilla metro Condequinto II.JPG
Urbos 2 operating on Seville Metro line 1
An Urbos 2 operating on the Antalya light rail system. J22 343 Ali Cetinkaya Caddesi, Multigelenkwagen.jpg
An Urbos 2 operating on the Antalya light rail system.

In operation

LocationCity/SystemEntered serviceGaugeCar body constructionQuantityNotes[ citation needed ]
Spain Bilbao tram and Vitoria-Gasteiz tram 2008 Metre Aluminium113 units operate in Bilbao, while 8 operate in Vitoria-Gasteiz. Locally designated the Euskotren 500 series.
Seville Metro - Line 1 2009 Standard Steel215 units transferred from MetroCentro
3 units transferred from Sydney
Antalya, Turkey AntRay Aluminium14Standard gauge variation of the Bilbao/Vitoria-Gasteiz version

Withdrawn

LocationCity/SystemIn serviceQuantityNotes[ citation needed ]
Spain Vélez-Málaga Tram 2006–20123Transferred to Sydney
MetroCentro (Seville) 2007–201154 units transferred to Metro line 1
1 unit transferred to Sydney
Sydney, Australia L1 Dulwich Hill line Mar–Jul 20144Transferred to Seville Metro line 1

Urbos 3

CAF Urbos 3
Urbos 3 Besancon IMG 6874.jpg
Urbos 3 tram in Besançon
Manufacturer Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles
Constructed2011–present
PredecessorCAF Urbos 2
Capacity129-327 seated and standing total, depending on tram length
Specifications
Train length18–56 m (59 ft 1 in – 183 ft 9 in)
Width2,300–2,650 mm (7 ft 6+9⁄16 in – 8 ft 8+5⁄16 in)
Floor height356 mm (14 in)
Low-floor 70–100%
Doors8–20, depending on tram length
Articulated sections2–9 [5]
Maximum speed70–80 km/h (43–50 mph)
Weight34,860 kg (76,850 lb)
(3-car tram) [6]
Traction system IGBT–VVVF
Electric system(s) 600–750 V DC from overhead catenary
Internal supercapacitor (Kaohsiung)
Current collection Pantograph
Bogies fixed
Minimum turning radius 18 m (59 ft 1 in) (3-car tram)
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge or 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge
Urbos 100, designated SL18, in Oslo SL18 tram performing test run at Bjorvika.jpg
Urbos 100, designated SL18, in Oslo

The CAF Urbos 3 is the successor of the Urbos 2; all new sales are of Urbos 3. The standard variants, the Urbos 100 and Urbos 70, have either a 100% or 70% low floor design, respectively, and a maximum speed of 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph). The tram type is offered in metre gauge and standard gauge and allows for a tram width of 2,300, 2,400 or 2,650 mm (7 ft 6+9⁄16 in, 7 ft 10+1⁄2 in or 8 ft 8+5⁄16 in). Trams can be assembled from 3, 5, 7 or (only for the Urbos 100) 9 modules, with the length ranging between 23 and 56 metres (75 and 184 ft). [7]

CAF has developed an option to build 'Greentech Freedrive' lithium-ion supercapacitors and batteries into the Urbos 3, [8] allowing brief operation without an external electrical supply. [9] This ACR system ( Acumulador de Carga Rápida ) allowed the tramway operator in Seville to remove the overhead wires in key locations during Holy Week 2011. [10] It has also been used in Luxembourg, Granada, Zaragoza and the West Midlands. [11]

In 2024, a CAF Urbos fleet of 40 light rail trains were transported from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, in Brazil to Salvador, Bahia, following a deal to build the new Salvador LRT system (three lines, under construction), to replace an old suburban train and a failed Chinese BYD Skyrail project bid. [12] The deal followed a lawsuit agreement between the Brazilian state governments (Bahia and Mato Grosso) because the delays for the construction of Cuiabá Light Rail were so significant that it was replaced by a BRT system in Cuiabá.

Urbos 70 and Urbos 100 / 100X

9-module Urbos 3 in Budapest 1-es villamos (2105).jpg
9-module Urbos 3 in Budapest
7-module Urbos 3 in Sydney CAF Urbos 3 Parramatta.jpg
7-module Urbos 3 in Sydney
5-module Urbos 3 in Cagliari Cagliari tram 2018 02.jpg
5-module Urbos 3 in Cagliari
CountryCity/SystemQuantityOrder valueNotes
Europe
Belgium Antwerp 58
Coast Tram 48 [13] Delivered 2020–2021 [14] Name: Zeelijner
Ghent 18
Liège 20€360 million [15] [16]
France Besançon 19€34.4 million [17]
Marseille 15€57 million [18] [19] [20]

First tram delivered in 2025, [21] in service since January 2026.[ citation needed ]

Montpellier 60€200 millionOption for 17 more trams possible. [22] [23] [24] In service since 2025. [25]
Nantes 8€22 millionOption for 4 more trams for €10 million [26]
Saint-Étienne 16 [27] In service since May 2017. [28]
Tours 19 [29] N/ATo be operational by 2028 [30] [31]
Germany Freiburg im Breisgau 17 [32] [33] [34]

plus 8 more ordered [35]

Hungary Budapest 73+20€90 millionOption for 31 more trams [36] [37] [38]
Debrecen 18 [39] [40]
Italy Cagliari 3 [41] €7.7 millionIn service since 2018 [42]
Luxembourg Luxembourg 21€83.0 millionIn service since 2017 [43]
Netherlands Amsterdam 72 [44] Initial order was 63 in 2016. [45] In operation since January 2021. [46]
Utrecht 27 [47]
27 [48]
Norway Oslo 87kr 4.2 billion [49] Locally designated as SL18. First two were delivered in 2020. In operation from January 2022, with trial period of 5 months. [50] Option for 60 more. [51]
Portugal Lisbon 15€43 million [52] Delivery began in April 2023 and will be complete during 2024. [53]
Serbia Belgrade 30€70 million [54]
Spain Granada 13€43.9 millionOption for 4 more trams
Málaga 14 [55]
Seville 5MetroCentro line, 1 reserved
Vitoria-Gasteiz 7Locally designated the Euskotren 600 series.
Zaragoza 21 [56]
Sweden Lund 7 [57] 297 million SEK [58] In service since December 2020. [59]
United Kingdom West Midlands (Birmingham) 42 [60] £40 million
Edinburgh 27 [61]
North America
Canada Calgary 28 [62] [63] For use on the Green Line LRT. To be delivered in 2027. [64] Option for 24 additional LRVs possible. [65]
United States Cincinnati 5$25 million [66]
Kansas City 14Total fleet size of 14 by 2025 [67] [68] [69]
Maryland (Washington, D.C.) 28 [70] Urbos 70. 5 modules (3 long & 2 short) per vehicle. [71] Scheduled to be in service in late 2027. [72]
Omaha 6$54 millionFor use on the Omaha Streetcar. Option for a further 29 trams. [73] To be operational by 2027. [74]
Seattle 10$50 million [68] Order was canceled in 2019 amid escalating cost projections for the planned new line for which they were intended. [75]
South America
Brazil Salvador 40Originally built for the Cuiabá Light Rail (also in Brazil); later sold to Salvador. [12] Undergoing modernization and refurbishment works as of October 2025. [76]
Asia
Taiwan Kaohsiung 9ACR system built in; no need for catenary [77]
New Taipei City 23€200 million [78] [79] [80]
Middle East
Israel Jerusalem 114Urbos 100. For Red Line extension and Green Line. [81] Operational on the Red Line since 2025
Tel Aviv 98For Purple Line. [82] To be operational 2027
Oceania
Australia Canberra 14A$65 million5-module 100. Delivered 2018, operational April 2019 [83]
Newcastle 65-module 100 supercapacitor wire free. Delivered 2018–19 [84]
Sydney 16A$20 million
(1st order)		5-module 100. Initial order for 6 trams; subsequently increased to 12. [85] Four more trams for the line were ordered from CAF in June 2021, [86] they entered service in 2023.[ citation needed ] Operates on the Inner West Light Rail.
137-module 100 battery wire free, operating on Stage 1 of the Parramatta Light Rail since December 2024 [87]
Africa
Mauritius Port Louis 18 [88] €100 millionIn service since October 2019 [89]

Design flaws

In December 2017, the Besançon Tramway in Besançon, France, discovered cracks in their Urbos 3s vehicles around the bogie box area of the bodies, which in December 2020 CAF paid for remedial work to be performed with each unit affected requiring one month downtime for the work to be completed. [90]

On 11 June 2021, the West Midlands Metro (operating between Birmingham and Wolverhampton, England) were forced to suspend their services due to similar cracks being discovered in the bogie box areas of their Urbos 3s vehicles, with ongoing investigations continuing to identify any other issues relating to the cracks and to find options for remedial works to be performed. [90]

Following on from these instances, in November 2021 the New South Wales transport minister Rob Stokes announced that the Sydney L1 Dulwich Hill Line would be decommissioned for up to 18 months, due to serious design flaws in all 12 of the CAF Urbos 3s tram sets that were running on the line. Stokes stated that the flaws (in the bogie boxes) were likely to be far broader in scope than those identified in Sydney due to the thousands of the same tram type operated around the world. [91]

Similar issues relating to cracks in the bogie box area were discovered in the Urbos 3 vehicles supplied to the Belgrade Tramway Network. [90]

The discovery of further cracks in the West Midlands trams led to service being suspended again from 12 November 2021 [92] to December 2021. [93]

Following vehicle inspections, services in the West Midlands were again suspended on 20 March 2022 until further notice due to cracks described by the operator as 'bodywork cracks'. [94] Midland Metro was working directly with the manufacturer to assess the safety and operational impact.

Urbos AXL

Urbos AXL in Stockholm A36 (Stockholm) Aga 1.jpg
Urbos AXL in Stockholm

Vehicles in the Urbos AXL series have longer car-body sections and pivoting bogies. With a maximum speed of 90 kilometres per hour (56 mph), it is designed for high-capacity, mass rapid transit systems. [7] This type of tram is currently in use only in two Northern European countries:

Urbos TT

Urbos TT in Cadiz. Trambahia Cadiz 2025 10.jpg
Urbos TT in Cádiz.

The Urbos TT series is built with tram-train technology, connecting existing heavy rail infrastructure directly to urban tramway systems. [7]

Urbos LRV

Urbos LRV in Houston Houston CAF LRV on Harrisburg Blvd at Wayside Drive, Feb 2017.jpg
Urbos LRV in Houston

A three-section articulated car supported by three bogies, the LRV variant of Urbos is designed for the North American market and is customizable.

LRTA 13000 class (Metro edition)

13000 class in Santa Cruz, Manila LRT-1 4G Carriedo 2024-10-18.jpg
13000 class in Santa Cruz, Manila

The LRTA 13000 class is a high-floor light rail vehicle variant of the Urbos. 120 units were ordered for the LRT Line 1 medium-capacity rail system in Metro Manila, Philippines. [98] It was designed by CAF along with Mitsubishi Corporation and built at CAF's facilities in Corella, Spain, and Huehuetoca, Mexico. [99] The trains were progressively delivered from 2021 onwards, entering service by 20 July 2023. It replaced the aging, forty-year-old LRTA 1000 class LRVs. [100]

References

  1. ↑ "CAF's major rail projects and facilities worldwide". CAF. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
  2. ↑ "Revista Vía Libre, mayo 2009" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2012.
  3. 1 2 "Tranvias de Bilbao ,( tranvia de la 2ª Generación)" (in Spanish). 12 February 2015. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  4. ↑ "Bilbao Tram". CAF. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  5. ↑ "Urbos, the most innovative generation of CAF trams and light railways". CAF. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
  6. ↑ "APTA Streetcar Carbuilder Survey Rev 130117" (PDF). APTA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
  7. 1 2 3 "There is an Urbos for each type of city". CAF, your railway solutions. Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles, S.A. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  8. ↑ "Catenary-free trams". CAF.
  9. ↑ "The CAF Rapid Charge Accumulator: Technology for removing catenary between stations" (PDF). CAF. 16 February 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
  10. ↑ Sevilla, Diario de (18 March 2010). "Las catenarias del Metrocentro serán desmontadas este fin de semana de cara a la Semana Santa". Diario de Sevilla.
  11. ↑ "CAF Power & Automation awarded at Global Light Rail Awards". www.cafpower.com. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  12. 1 2 International, Metro Report (14 August 2024). "Urban transport industry news round-up". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 10 January 2026. The Brazilian state of Bahia has signed an agreement to purchase 40 seven-section CAF Urbos 3 light rail vehicles from the state of Mato Grosso for R$820m, and track and electrification equipment for R$100m. The unused trams were originally ordered in 2012 for a project in Cuiabá which was subsequently cancelled. They will now be overhauled by the manufacturer for use on a three-line network under development in Salvador.
  13. ↑ Bernhardt, Jens (26 June 2020). "De Lijn Coastal Tram: First CAF tramway delivered". Urban Transport Magazine. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  14. ↑ "De Lijn mag 146 lagevloertrams bestellen bij CAF". delijn.prezly.com (in Flemish). Retrieved 14 December 2018.
  15. ↑ "Le réseau de tram verra bien le jour à Liège: voici les détails du projet". RTL Info . 10 February 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  16. ↑ Buch, Erik (28 April 2025). "Liège has a tramway again!". Urban Transport Magazine. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  17. ↑ "CAF wins Urbos tram contracts". Railway Gazette International . 7 January 2011. Archived from the original on 8 January 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
  18. ↑ "further-success-france-caf-supply-15-trams-marseilles | CAF". www.cafmobility.com. Archived from the original on 24 March 2025. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  19. ↑ "15 CAF trams for new line extensions in Marseille". Urban Transport Magazine. 15 September 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  20. ↑ International, Metro Report. "Marseille orders maritime themed trams". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  21. ↑ Levy, Michael (11 July 2025). "First CAF Urbos tram presented for Marseille". Urban Transport Magazine. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  22. ↑ "Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole in France awards CAF a contract for the supply of 60 trams". CAF Mobility. 20 June 2022.
  23. ↑ "CAF delivers up to 77 low-floor trams to Montpellier". Urban Transport Magazine. 13 July 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  24. ↑ International, Metro Report. "Montpellier orders 60 trams". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  25. ↑ Levy, Michael (9 January 2026). "Montpellier inaugurates tram line 5". Urban Transport Magazine. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  26. 1 2 "CAF wins Urbos tram contracts". Railway Gazette International . Archived from the original on 8 January 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  27. ↑ "CAF wins tram project for the city of St. Étienne, France". CAF Mobility. 10 December 2014.
  28. ↑ International, Railway Gazette (4 May 2017). "CAF tram enters revenue service in Saint-Etienne". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  29. ↑ International, Metro Report. "CAF to supply Tours Line 2 trams". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  30. ↑ "CAF to supply 19 Urbos trams to the french city of Tours". CAF Mobility. Archived from the original on 28 August 2025. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  31. ↑ "Design unveiled – the new tram for Tours". Urban Transport Magazine. 25 November 2025. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  32. ↑ "VAG kauft Trams bei spanischem Hersteller". Badische Zeitung. 25 February 2013.
  33. ↑ "Von 2015 an rollen spanische Trams". Badische Zeitung. 15 March 2013.
  34. ↑ "Fünf neue Urbos 100". VAG Freiburg (in German). Freiburger Verkehrs AG. 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  35. ↑ "VAG bestellt acht weitere Urbos 100". VAG Freiburg (in German). Freiburger Verkehrs AG. 28 May 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  36. ↑ "Elkészült Budapest első CAF villamosa". 5 February 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
  37. ↑ "Budapest orders CAF trams". Railway Gazette International . Archived from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
  38. ↑ "37 instead of 47 units of the new tram arrives in Budapest" . Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  39. ↑ Joo, Ferenc (24 May 2013). "Debrecen receives first CAF Urbos LRV". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  40. ↑ "Átadták a debreceni 2-es villamosvonalat-Linie2 Open in Debrecen". 26 February 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  41. ↑ International, Railway Gazette (27 April 2018). "CAF trams run in Cagliari". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  42. ↑ "Worldwide Review [regular news section]". Tramways & Urban Transit . Vol. 81, no. 966. Mainspring/LRTA. June 2018. p. 230.
  43. ↑ "CAF delivers first Luxembourg tram". International Railway Journal. 10 February 2017.
  44. ↑ "Amsterdam: Double traction and commissioning of the new trams". Urban Transport Magazine. 1 October 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  45. ↑ "Zo gaan de nieuwe trams van GVB er uitzien - Amsterdam - PAROOL". Het Parool (in Dutch). 30 September 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
  46. ↑ "Upgraded Dutch light rail lines enter service". International Railway Journal. 8 January 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  47. ↑ "CAF to supply new trams to the city of Utrecht (Holland)". CAF Mobility. 30 January 2015.
  48. ↑ "Extension of the supply contracts for De Lijn (Belgium) and Utrecht (Holland)". CAF Mobility. 6 November 2020.
  49. ↑ Jørgen Berge; Nina Lorvik (12 October 2020). "Her er Oslos nye trikk". Nettavisen (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  50. ↑ "Nå kan alle kjøre Oslos nye trikk. Men det skal jobbes mer for å få den til å passe helt inn". www.aftenposten.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  51. ↑ "Oslo velger spanske trikker", Teknisk Ukeblad , 11 June 2018
  52. ↑ "Urbos tram contract signed by Lisbon transport company". 22 April 2021.
  53. ↑ "CAF trams on test in Lisboa".
  54. ↑ "Beograd to buy 30 CAF trams". Railway Gazette International . 6 November 2009. Archived from the original on 21 November 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  55. ↑ "Urbos 3 concept on display in Málaga". Railway Gazette International . Archived from the original on 6 May 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
  56. ↑ "Zaragoza tram Line 1 enters service", Railway Gazette International , 26 April 2011, archived from the original on 31 August 2011, retrieved 9 June 2011
  57. ↑ International, Railway Gazette (6 June 2018). "Lund tram supplier selected". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  58. ↑ Kuprijanko, Alexander (1 June 2018). "Spanskt företag ska bygga Lunds spårvagnar". Sydsvenskan (in Swedish).
  59. ↑ International, Metro Report (13 December 2020). "Lund tramway opens up the 'Science Road'". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  60. ↑ "Last new tram arrives for West Midlands". Today's Railways UK . No. 263. January 2024. p. 21.
  61. ↑ International, Railway Gazette (30 April 2010). "First tram arrives in Edinburgh". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  62. ↑ "A large-scale project: Low-floor light rail line for Calgary". Urban Transport Magazine. 18 November 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  63. ↑ International, Metro Report. "CAF wins its first Canadian light rail contract". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  64. ↑ "A Brief History of Light Rail Vehicles in Calgary". City of Calgary. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  65. ↑ "CAF to supply LRV units to the Canadian city of Calgary". CAF Mobility. 18 November 2021.
  66. ↑ "Streetcar Vehicle Production Under Way". City of Cincinnati. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  67. ↑ "Spanish firm CAF will supply streetcars". bizjournals.com. 4 October 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2013.
  68. 1 2 Barrow, Keith. "Seattle and Kansas City order CAF Urbos LRVs" . Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  69. ↑ "KC Streetcar | Welcome Home #805". 9 May 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
  70. ↑ "Maryland Transit Administration Announces Delivery of Final Light Rail Vehicle for Purple Line Project" (PDF). Baltimore, MD: Maryland Transit Administration. 25 November 2025. Press release.
  71. ↑ See the vehicle exterior and interior in the video. Tuss, Adam (26 September 2025). "News4 takes exclusive test ride on Purple Line". News4 Washington. Washington, D.C.
  72. ↑ Nguyen, Danny (4 March 2024). "Purple Line, delayed until 2027, needs another $425 million infusion". The Washington Post.
  73. ↑ "CAF to supply trams for Omaha, Nebraska, in the United States of America". CAF. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  74. ↑ International, Metro Report. "Omaha Streetcar project selects CAF trams". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  75. ↑ "Seattle DOT cancels streetcar contract with CAF USA". Progressive Railroading. 12 September 2019. ISSN   0033-0817. Archived from the original on 13 September 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  76. ↑ International, Railway Gazette (1 October 2025). "Urban transport industry news round-up". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 10 January 2026. Officials of the State of Bahia have paid a visit to CAF's Hortolândia factory to inspect the progress of modernisation of the 40 secondhand Urbos 3 tram vehicles for Salvador's under-construction light rail network. Bahia State Governor Jerônimo Rodrigues has confirmed the start of revenue services on the first section in the second half of 2026.
  77. ↑ "Kaohsiung picks CAF to build catenary-free trams". Railway Gazette International . 7 January 2013. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  78. ↑ "Contract awarded for New Taipei City in Taiwan". CAF Mobility. 9 June 2025.
  79. ↑ Levy, Michael (9 June 2025). "CAF wins second tram order in Taiwan - New Taipei follows Kaohsiung". Urban Transport Magazine. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  80. ↑ International, Railway Gazette. "CAF awarded New Taipei tram framework contract". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  81. ↑ "CAF – Saphir Consortium wins Jerusalem Green line Light Rail tender". Urban Transport Magazine. 8 August 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
  82. ↑ Richard Clinnick (31 January 2022). "Tel Aviv Purple Line light rail contract awarded". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  83. ↑ "Spanish-made trams to run on Canberra's city to Gungahlin light rail line". The Canberra Times . 1 February 2016. Archived from the original on 27 May 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  84. ↑ Baird government announces progress on Newcastle light rail Archived 13 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine Newcastle Herald 21 June 2016
  85. ↑ "CAF wins Sydney tram order". Railway Gazette International . Archived from the original on 2 January 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  86. ↑ "The CAF Group has secured tram supply extension contracts in Belgium and Australia, worth a combined value of nearly 100m euros (119.05m USD), in addition to a new signalling installation contract in Turkey". 30 June 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
  87. ↑ "Inside the Brand New Parramatta Light Rail Vehicle - First Look at the new CAF Urbos 100 Tram". YouTube . 20 December 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  88. ↑ Bernhardt, Jens (10 January 2020). "Mauritius Metro Express starts revenue service!". Urban Transport Magazine. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
  89. ↑ International, Metro Report (17 October 2019). "Mauritius Metro Express inaugurated". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 11 January 2026.
  90. 1 2 3 "Cracks force suspension of Metro Service". Tramways and Urban Transit August 2021 No. 1004. 1 August 2021.
  91. ↑ O'Sullivan, Matt (5 November 2021). "Sydney's inner west light rail line out of action for up to 18 months". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  92. ↑ "Mayor voices disappointment at West Midlands Metro suspension". BBC News. 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  93. ↑ Bates, Isabelle (10 December 2021). "West Midland Metro trams to restart from next week". Birmingham Mail . Retrieved 12 December 2021.
  94. ↑ "West Midlands Metro services suspended as cracks found". BBC News. 20 March 2022.
  95. ↑ "Estland: CAF liefert weitere Straßenbahnen nach Tallinn". 26 February 2014. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  96. ↑ "Stockholm's first Lidingö light rail vehicle on test". 5 June 2014. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  97. ↑ Barrow, Keith (8 January 2015). "CAF LRVs enter service in Houston". International Railway Journal . Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  98. ↑ CAF LRT 1 4th Generation LRVs (16:9) (Facebook Watch). Manila: Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles, reposted by Ang Litratista ng Daang Bakal Facebook page. 24 March 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  99. ↑ "CAF and Mitsubishi win LRV contract in Manila". Railway PRO. 21 November 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  100. ↑ Mercurio, Richmond. "Trains for LRT-1 Cavite extension arrived". Philstar.com. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.