Farebox recovery ratio

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The farebox recovery ratio (also called fare recovery ratio, fare recovery rate or other terms) of a passenger transportation system is the fraction of operating expenses which are met by the fares paid by passengers. It is computed by dividing the system's total fare revenue by its total operating expenses. [1]

Contents

Fare structures

There are generally two types of fare structures: a simple, flat rate fare structure (pay a fixed fare regardless of time of day and/or travel distance) or a complex, variable rate fare structure (pay a variable fare depending on time of day and/or travel distance). A variable fare structure is typically associated with a higher recovery ratio, though it may simply be the case that such systems are implemented only on more profitable networks or modes such as commuter rail. Variable-rate fares require a higher initial investment in fare ticketing technologies such as the use of contactless smart cards, turnstiles or fare gates, automated ticket machines, as well as IT infrastructure. [2]

Farebox ratios around the world

The farebox recovery ratio is the ratio of fare revenue to total transport expenses for a given system. [1] These two figures can be found in the financial statements of the operators. Oftentimes the operator runs multiple modes of transport (e.g. subway and bus), and there is no data for individual modes (segment analysis). In this case the operator is considered as one system, or a group of modes are collectively considered one system.

Fare revenue is not the same as "transport" or "operational" revenue, as there are often secondary sources of revenue such as lockers and paid restrooms and advertisement revenue. Fare revenue is a subset of transport revenue, which is in turn part of total revenue along with "non-transport" or "non-operational" revenue.

Total "transport" or "operational" expenses are a part of total expenses along with "non-transport" or "non-operational" expenses. Total transport expenses may include expansion projects if they are paid for by the operator.

Asia

Please note that, the "operating ratio" (Japanese : 営業係数 Korean : 영업계수) commonly published by some Asian systems is different from farebox recovery ratio even after inverting the number to turn cost per unit revenue into revenue per unit cost, as that figure includes all operating revenue (notably including many Asian railways' large real estate portfolios, which constitute a large share of their income) instead of only the fare revenue. [3]

Country or RegionSystemRatioFare systemYear
Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway (MTR) 106.76%Mostly Distance based2021 [4]
Hong Kong Tramway 48.80%Flat rate2021 [5]
Kowloon Motor Bus 100.05%Route-specific2021 [6]
Long Win Bus 77.91%
Citybus 72.98% [7] 2021 [8]
New World First Bus 76.73%
Japan JR Central Rail245.95%Distance basedFY2018 [9]
JR East Rail142.44%
JR West Rail132.38%
JR Kyushu Rail111.34%
JR Shikoku Rail69.84%
JR Hokkaido Rail59.18%
JR Freight Freight rail96.25%
Sapporo Municipal Subway 220.79%
Sapporo Streetcar 104.31%Flat rate
Hakodate Streetcar 82.87%Distance based
Sendai Subway 159.68%Mixed zonal and distance based
Tokyo Metro 161.55%Distance based
Tokyo Toei rail services74% [10] [ failed verification ]2015
Tokyo Toei Subway 171.46%FY2018 [9]
Tokyo Toei Streetcar83.39%Flat rate
Tokyo Toei elevated rail109.84%
Tokyo Toei other rails136.81%Distance based
Yokohama Municipal Subway 232.28%
Meitetsu Railway155.99%
Meitetsu Tramway90.70%
Nagoya Municipal Subway 167.24%
Kintetsu Railway Rail152.77%
Kintetsu Railway Cable36.70%Various
Nankai Electric Railway Rail161.26%Distance based
Nankai Electric Railway Cable31.12%Flat rate
Keihan Electric Railway Rail166.51%Distance based
Keihan Electric Railway Subway29.05%
Keihan Electric Railway Streetcar73.08%
Keihan Electric Railway Cable71.73%Flat rate
Hankyu Railway 123%Distance based1991 [11]
169.74%FY2018 [9]
Hanshin Electric Railway 146.75%
Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau 137%1991 [11]
Osaka Metro Subway208.51%FY2018 [9]
Osaka Metro APM/AGT105.35%
Kyoto Municipal Subway 201.04%
Kobe Municipal Subway 169.52%
Nishi-Nippon Railroad Rail149.92%
Fukuoka City Subway 205.38%
Kitakyushu Monorail 144.15%Tabular
Nagasaki Electric Tramway 105.11%Flat rate
Kumamoto Tram102.60%
Kagoshima Tram98.36%
Okinawa Urban Monorail 187.55%Distance based
Pakistan Lahore Metrobus 37.2% [12] Flat rate2014
Taiwan Taipei Mass Rapid Transit 87.64%Distance based2021 [13]
Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit 52.57%2020 [14]
Singapore SMRT Corporation (Singapore)101%2018 [15]
China Beijing Subway 22%Flat rate [16] 2013 [17]
35.08%Distance based2021 [18]
Shenzhen Metro 82.20% [19] 2021 [20]
Guangzhou Metro 77.05% [21] [22] 2021 [21]

Europe

CountryRegion / CitySystemRatioFare systemYear
AustriaVienna Vienna U-Bahn 49%Flat rate2008 [23]
GermanyBerlin Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe 70%Zone based2010 [24]
BelgiumBrussels Brussels Intercommunal Transport Company 35%2007 [25]
CzechiaPrague Prague Integrated Transport 17%Flat rate2022 [26]
DenmarkCopenhagen Copenhagen Metro 95.2%Zone based2025 [27]
Jutland, Funen, Zealand Danske Statsbaner 59%Zone based2025 [28]
France Paris Île-de-France Mobilités 38%Flat rate [a] 2018 [29]
GermanyMunich Munich Transport and Tariff Association 70%Zone based2010 [30]
ItalyMilan Milan Transportation System 49%2016 [31]
Rome Rome Metro 36%2007 [25]
NetherlandsAmsterdam Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf Amsterdam 88%Distance based2018 [32]
Rotterdam Rotterdamse Elektrische Tram 99%Distance based2018 [33]
PolandWarsawZTM37%2019 [34]
SpainCataloniaMetropolitan lines of Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Catalonia)93%Zone based2014 [35]
Madrid Madrid Metro 41%2007 [25]
Sweden Stockholm Storstockholms Lokaltrafik 52%Flat rate2017 [36]
Kalmar County Kalmar länstrafik 43%Zone based2023 [37]
Östergötland County Östgötatrafiken 47%2024 [38]
SwitzerlandZurich Zürich S-Bahn 60%2014 [31]
FinlandHelsinki Helsinki Regional Transport Authority 49% [39] 2019
TurkeyIstanbul Metro Istanbul A.S. 90%Flat rate2019 [40]
United KingdomLondon London Underground 129.50% [41] Zone based2022-2023 [41]
London Overground and Docklands Light Railway 94% [42] 2018–19 [42]
  1. ↑ Île-de-France is divided into 5 concentric zones starting from Paris. As of 2026, only weekly, monthly, and yearly Navigo subscriptions, can still be purchased at a fare including only either zones 2-3, 3-4, or 4-5, alongside the "all zones" option. All tickets and other subscriptions automatically include all zones.

North America

Canada

Canada Farebox recovery rate
RegionOperatorFare Revenue ($000s, CAD)Operating Expenses ($000s, CAD)RatioFare SystemYear
Nationwide VIA Rail $408,400$812,50050.3% [43] Distance & demand based2023 [44]
British Columbia Coast BC Ferries $759,073$985,19677% [43] Flat rate2025 [45]
Brampton Brampton Transit $125,102$233,75253.5% [43] 2024 [46]
Calgary Calgary Transit $147,400 [47] $437,90033.7% [43] 2023 [48]
Edmonton Edmonton Transit System $123,841$623,51319.9% [43] 2024 [49]
Mississauga MiWay $101,400 [50] $215,800 [50] 47%2024 [51]
Montreal Société de transport de Montréal 46%2016 [52]
Ottawa OC Transpo $289,773$724,38640.0% [43] 2024 [53]
Quebec City Réseau de transport de la Capitale 39%2011 [51]
Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area GO Transit $429,200$1,816,90023.6% [43] Distance based2023 [54]
Toronto Toronto Transit Commission $937,934$2,392,24539.2% [43] Flat rate2023 [55]
Vancouver TransLink 46.4%Zone based; transition to distance based upcoming2024 [56]
Victoria BC Transit (Victoria regional transit system)28.4%Flat rate2022 [57]
Winnipeg Winnipeg Transit $92,544$218,98542.3% [43] 2024 [58]
Regional Municipality of York York Region Transit $75,000 [59] $304,29124.6% [43] 2024 [60]

United States

RegionSystem OperatorFare RevenueOperating ExpensesRatioFare SystemYear
Nationwide Amtrak $2,991,500,000$3,626,800,00081.1%Distance & demand based2024 [61]
Montgomery County MD, DC RideOn $5,276,327$178,136,9703%Flat Rate2023 [62]
Northern Virginia, DC VRE (Virginia Railway Express)$28,000,000$190,000,00015%Distance based2023 [63]
Boston, MA-NH-RI MBTA $545,414,783.00$1,556,792,859.0020.5%Flat rate [64] 2023 [65]
New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT NYC Ferry $25,324,000.00$79,358,000.0031.9%Flat rate2025 [66]
MTA Bus Company $189,205,000.00$968,000,000.0019.5%2025 [67]
MTA Long Island Rail Road $695,229,000.00$2,280,000,000.0030.5%Zone based [68]
MTA Metro-North Railroad $661,156,000.00$2,047,000,000.0032.30%
MTA New York City Transit $3,667,107,000.00$12,271,000,000.0029.9%Flat rate [68]
MTA Staten Island Railway $3,775,000.00$82,000,000.004.6%Flat rate [69]
PATH $189,085,000.00$365,523,000.0051.73%Flat rate [70] 2026 [71]
Roosevelt Island Tramway $6,050,916.002026 [72]
NYCDOT $0.00$91,211,000.000%Free (Staten Island Ferry and Hart Island Ferry)2025 [73]
NJTransit $743,742,067.00$2,325,547,904.0031.98%Zone based on most Buses and all commuter trains
Flat Rate on some buses and all light rails [70] 		2020 [74]
Nassau Inter-County Express $33,186,987.00$171,780,424.0019.32%Flat rate2025 [75]
Bee-Line Bus System $17,197,904.00$183,664,357.009.36%2025 [76]
Chicago, IL-IN CTA $236,301,686.00$1,436,453,698.0016.45%Flat rate [77] 2020 [74]
METRA $102,350,491.00$710,195,494.0014.41%Zone based [70]
Atlanta, GA Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority $82,246,000.00$717,893,000.0011.45%Flat rate [70] 2025 [78]
Portland, OR-WA TriMET $94,456,931.00$518,451,362.0018.22%2020 [74]
Baltimore, MD MTA $102,029,183.00$805,145,982.0012.67%Variable [79]
San Diego, CA SDMTS $78,709,562.00$291,553,478.0027.00%Flat rate [70]
Houston, TX Houston Metro $37,305,222.00$587,595,095.006.35%
Miami, FLCounty of Miami-Dade (Transportation & Public Work)$47,456,089.00$553,336,216.008.58%Flat rate [70]
Denver-Aurora, CO RTD $76,264,572.00$623,982,843.0012.22%Zone Based [80]
Pittsburgh, PA PRT $79,071,495.00$434,687,600.0018.19%
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX DART $43,547,629.00$569,628,198.007.64%Flat rate [81]
Honolulu, HI City and County of Honolulu (Department of Transportation Services)$46,815,334.00$278,447,442.0016.81%
San Francisco-Oakland, CA SFMTA $153,699,058.00$903,485,983.0017.01%Flat rate [82]
BART $299,731,741.00$1,048,144,66728.59%Distance based [83] 2026 [84]
AC Transit $66,561,904.00$501,047,399.0013.28%2020 [74]
Oakland Airport Connector 96%Flat rate2015–2016 [85]
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI Metro Transit $40,804,932.00$413,038,880.009.88%Flat rate with rush hour and express surcharges [70] 2020 [74]
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Orange County Transportation Authority $42,450,631.00$268,394,220.0015.82%
LA Metro $199,728,314.00$1,841,473,552.0010.85%Flat rate [70]
Long Beach Transit $10,201,475.00$92,339,794.0011.05%
Big Blue Bus $6,438,008$85,659,6657.5%Flat rate [86] 2025 [87]
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ Valley Metro $21,292,051.00$208,489,994.0010.21%2020 [74]
San Antonio, TX VIA Metropolitan Transit $15,033,510.00$222,032,078.006.77%Flat rate [70]
St. Louis, MO-IL St. Louis Metro $30,986,092.00$282,175,101.0010.98%
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA VTA $28,886,823.00$403,260,461.007.16%
Buffalo, NY NFTA $34,814,699.00$141,163,925.0024.66%
Salt Lake City-West Valley City, UT UTA $32,521,480.00$319,885,004.0010.17%
Austin-Round Rock- San Marcos, TX CapMetro $15,298,332.00$229,551,099.006.66%Flat rate [70]
Charlotte, NC-SC CATS $21,018,416.00$162,317,729.0012.95%
Detroit–Warren–Dearborn, MI DDOT $13,954,074.00$101,100,585.0013.80%Flat rate [70]
Miami–Fort Lauderdale–West Palm Beach, FL BCT $13,814,362.00$158,832,625.008.70%
Milwaukee–Waukesha, WI MCTS $16,739,398.00$141,752,155.0011.81%
Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, FL Lynx $13,596,128.00$139,097,081.009.77%Flat rate [70]
Sacramento, CA SacRT $21,517,225.00$173,873,225.0012.38%
Cleveland–Elyria, OH RTA $26,194,783.00$259,797,759.0010.08%Flat rate [70]
Washington, DC-VA-MD Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority$492,953,775.00$2,028,885,121.0024.30%Distance based [88]
Montgomery County, Maryland$13,387,860.00$127,225,668.0010.52%
Seattle, WA King County Metro bus8.9%Flat [89] 2022 [90]
Washington State Ferries 51%Route Based2023 [91]
Sound Transit Express Bus$14,403,774$144,174,45410%Zone & distance based2023 [92]
Sound Transit Link Light Rail$32,358,465$205,314,45116%
Sound Transit Sounder Regional Rail$4,966,273$65,649,8218%
Pierce Transit $54,164,161$127,654,97442%Flat rate2021 [93]
Albany-Schenectady, NY CDTA $20,804,704.00$93,755,632.0022.19%2020 [74]
Harrisburg, PA Capital Area Transit $2,398,430$20,278,76517%Flat rate2022 [94]
Las Vegas-Henderson, NV Las Vegas Monorail 56%2016 [83]
RTC $51,823,479.00$227,523,119.0022.78%2020 [74]
Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD SEPTA $353,276,517.00$1,301,894,928.0027.14%Flat rate [70]
PATCO $15,542,809$63,349,39825%Distance based2023 [95]
Orlando, FL SunRail 7%2018 [96]
Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board (Caltrain)70%Zone based2019 [97]
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority 10%Express surcharges2016 [98]
Southern California Regional Rail Authority (Metrolink)34%Distance based2019 [99]


Oceania

CountryRegionSystemRatioFare systemYear
Australia Canberra ACTION 6.3% Flat rate 2024 [100]
Australia Brisbane Translink (Queensland) 2% Zone & time based 2025 [101]


Australia Perth Transperth 13.6%2025 [102]


Australia Adelaide Adelaide Metro 21%2013 [103]


Australia Darwin Transport in Darwin 10%
Australia Hobart Transport in Hobart 22%
Australia Melbourne Melbourne 30%2014 [104]
Australia Sydney Sydney Trains 20% Distance based 2016 [105]
Australia Metropolitan Bus System 25%
Australia Sydney Ferries 32%
New Zealand Auckland Auckland 44%Zone based2012–13 [106]
New Zealand Christchurch Christchurch 35%
New Zealand Dunedin Dunedin 60%2015–16 [106]
New Zealand Hamilton Hamilton 34%Flat rate2012–13 [106]
New Zealand Wellington Wellington 57%Zone based

South America

References

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  2. ↑ Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, The Geography of Transport Systems, Third Edition, 2013
  3. ↑ "JR&私鉄全路線の収支 「営業係数」計算式を大公開", 週刊東洋経済臨時増刊 鉄道完全解明2014, p.61-62, February 20, 2014
  4. ↑ "2021 Annual Report – Consolidated Profit and Loss Account" (PDF). MTR Corporation. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  5. ↑ "立法會交通事務委員會香港電車有限公司加價申請" (PDF). Hong Kong Legislative Council Panel on Transport. 20 May 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
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  7. ↑ Combined both Franchise 1 & and Franchise 2.
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  9. 1 2 3 4 鉄道統計年報［平成30年度］：（5）－2 鉄・軌道業営業損益：((旅客収入 + 貨物収入) / 営業費合計(諸税･減価償却費を除く) ) * 100% (((Passenger revenue + Freight revenue)/(Operation cost before taxes and depreciation))*100%)
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  15. ↑ "SMRT Fares & Claims" . Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  16. ↑ Fare schedule was adjusted from flat rate to distance-based on 2014 (Beijing Subway § Fares)
  17. ↑ 地铁票背后的"算计" Archived 2024-03-02 at the Wayback Machine (in Chinese) 01 Dec 2014
  18. ↑ Fare revenue / Associated costs (票款收入/票款成本). Associated costs (票款成本) includes depreciation. "北京市基础设施投资有限公司2023年面向专业投资者公开发行公司债券（第一期）募集说明书" (PDF). Shanghai Stock Exchange. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  19. ↑ Total expenses to fare revenue ratio -1 (成本费用占营业收入的比重)
  20. ↑ "2021年年度报告" (PDF). Shenzhen Metro Group. 5 July 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  21. 1 2 1/(100%-gross margin of passenger service) (1/(100%-地铁运营业务毛利率)) "广州地铁集团有限公司 2023 年度跟踪评级报告" (PDF). Shanghai Stock Exchange. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  22. ↑ 85.0% if divide Operating Revenues by Total Operating Cost (营业收入/营业总成本). Operating Revenues include fare, advertisement, real estate, R&D, government subsidy etc. Total Operating Cost includes capital expenses. "2021年报" (PDF). Guangzhou Metro. 5 July 2022. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
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  37. ↑ Ännu inte som förr i Kalmar län, Bussmagasinet, 2025
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  40. ↑ "Hakkımızda". metro.istanbul. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  41. 1 2 "TfL Recovery Ratio | London City Hall". London.gov.uk. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  42. 1 2 "Transport for London Business Plan 2020/21 to 2024/25" (PDF). Transport for London. December 2019. pp. 126–142.
  43. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Calculated from fare revenue and operating expenes.
  44. ↑ "VIA Rail Annual Report 2023" (PDF). VIA Rail. p. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 July 2025. Retrieved 20 June 2025.
  45. ↑ "Annual Report to the British Columbia Ferries Commission Year Ended March 31, 2025" (PDF). bcferries.com. British Columbia Ferry Services Inc. Retrieved 19 March 2026.
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  47. ↑ Calculated from $175.6 (million, CAD) total revenue and non fare revenue growth of "$4.7 million (or 20 per cent)" for a calculated non-fare revenue of $28.2 million CAD
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  49. ↑ "Financial Annual Report 2024 Section 3 Consolidated Financial Statements" (PDF). City of Edmonton. pp. 7, 13. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 July 2025. Retrieved 23 July 2025.
  50. 1 2 Extrapolated from $114,407 (k, CAD) in shortfall funding and 47% cost recovery (p. 184)
  51. 1 2 "2025-2028 Business Plan & 2025 Budget Mississauga" (PDF). Mississauga. p. 182. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2025. Retrieved 20 June 2025.
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  59. ↑ Calculated from p. 41. "Transit fare revenues are forecast to increase by $10.2 million in 2025 to $85.2 million..."
  60. ↑ "2025-2026 York Region Budget". Regional Municipality of York. 18 February 2015. pp. 41, 46. Archived from the original on 23 July 2025. Retrieved 23 July 2025.
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  62. ↑ "2023 Annual Agency Profile - Montgomery County, Maryland (NTD ID 30051)" (PDF). National Transit Database. 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
  63. ↑ "2023 Annual Report Virginia Railway Express" (PDF). vre.org. VRE. 7 February 2024. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  64. ↑ "2018 Transit Agency Profile" (PDF). FTA. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  65. ↑ "Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority FY25 Itemized Budget" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2024. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  66. ↑ "NYC Ferry, Supplemental Financial Information" (PDF). New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC).
  67. ↑ "MTA February Financial Plan 2026 - 2029". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved 25 June 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  68. 1 2 "Farebox Recovery and Farebox Operating Ratios: 2019 Adopted Budget / Final Estimate and Preliminary Actuals" (XLS). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  69. ↑ Fare only collected at St. George and Tompkinsville Stations, and transfer from MTA buses and subways are free; as a result, a majority of riders ride on SIR for free by: 1) entering at a free station to head to Manhattan, or 2) by using a free transfer from NYCT buses and subways going southbound from the St. George Ferry Terminal.
  70. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Federal Transportation Administration (September 2017). "National Transit Database Transit Profiles: 2016" (PDF). fta.dot.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
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  72. ↑ "PROPOSED RIOC BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2026-27" (PDF). D3olf8azjyqv1e.cloudfront.net. Retrieved 12 October 2026.
  73. ↑ "NYC FY2025 Adopted Budget" (PDF). NYC.gov.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  74. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Transit Profiles: 2020 Top 50 Reporters" (PDF). Federal Transit Administration. September 2021.
  75. ↑ "2025 Operating Budget". Nicebus.com.
  76. ↑ "Westchester County FY2026 Adopted Budget" (PDF). Westchestercountyny.org.
  77. ↑ "Chicago Transit Authority 2018 Budget Recommendations" (PDF). Chicago Transit Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
  78. ↑ "Annual Comprehensive Financial Report 2025" (PDF). Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority. Retrieved 12 August 2026.
  79. ↑ "Transit Profiles: Top 50 Agencies" (PDF). Ntdprogram.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2015.
  80. ↑ Curley, Caitlin (26 September 2019). "RTD says its costs far exceed revenue". Colorado Politics. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  81. ↑ "Dallas Area Rapid Transit Reference Book" (PDF). Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  82. ↑ "Muni farebox recovery ratio". San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. 20 May 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  83. 1 2 "Financial Statements 2016" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  84. ↑ "BART FY2027 Budget" (PDF). Bart.gov. Retrieved 12 October 2026.
  85. ↑ Baldassari, Erin (27 November 2016). "BART's Oakland Airport Connector losing money; Uber, Lyft to blame?". East Bay Times. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
  86. ↑ "Fare Information - Big Blue Bus". Bigbluebus.com. Retrieved 28 March 2026.
  87. ↑ "A Year of Progress: Our FY24–25 Transportation Annual Report". Santamonica.gov. Retrieved 28 March 2026.
  88. ↑ "30030 - 2016 Agency Profile" (PDF). Federal Transit Administration. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  89. ↑ "Prices - King County, Washington". Kingcounty.gov.
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  94. ↑ "FTA Transit Profiles" (PDF). 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  95. ↑ "PATCO Operating Budget" (PDF). 2023.
  96. ↑ SunRail. "Central Florida Rail Commission Quarterly Update" (PDF). Central Florida Rail Commission.
  97. ↑ "Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Fiscal Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019" (PDF). Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Boeard. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  98. ↑ Richards, Gary (30 November 2016). "VTA bus routes due for a shakeup in 2017". The Mercury News. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
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  100. ↑ Downie, Graham (21 November 2025). "The operating cost of Canberra's public transport far outstrips the revenue". Canberratimes.com.au.
  101. ↑ "Annual Report 2025-2026—Transport and Main Roads". Publications.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 12 October 2026.
  102. ↑ "Public Transport Authority - Annual Report 2024-25" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2025.
  103. ↑ "Urban public transport: updated trends" (PDF). Bureau of Infrastructure and Transport Research Economics, Australian Government . September 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2026.
  104. ↑ Urban passenger transport: Updated trends Bureau of Infrastructure & Transport Research Economics
  105. ↑ Cost recovery Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal
  106. 1 2 3 "Access to the transport system : Accessibility of public transport". Transport.govt.nz. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
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