Detroit Department of Transportation

Last updated
Detroit Department of Transportation
Ddot-logo.svg
DDOT 2022 New Flyer XD40 2223.jpg
Parent City of Detroit
Founded1922
Headquarters100 Mack Avenue
Service areaDetroit and select surrounding cities
Service type Bus
Paratransit
Routes37
Hubs Rosa Parks Transit Center
Jason Hargrove Transit Center
Fleet323
Daily ridership49,500 (weekdays, Q4 2024) [1]
Annual ridership14,785,400 (2024) [2]
Fuel type Diesel
Electric
OperatorCity of Detroit
DirectorRobert Cramer
Website detroitmi.gov/ddot

The Detroit Department of Transportation (DDOT) (pronounced DEE-dot) is the primary public transportation operator serving Detroit, Michigan. In existence since 1922, DDOT is a division of the city government, headed by a director appointed by the mayor. Primarily serving Detroit and its enclaves, DDOT is supplemented by suburban service from the Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART). In 2024, the system had a ridership of 14,785,400, or about 49,500 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2024.

Contents

History

Department of Street Railways

Restored ex-DSR bus 7618 built by Checker Cab at the AACA Museum in Hershey, Pennsylvania Checker Cab built Bus (5239224631).jpg
Restored ex-DSR bus 7618 built by Checker Cab at the AACA Museum in Hershey, Pennsylvania

The DDOT began its life as the Department of Street Railways (DSR) in 1922 after the municipalization of the privately-owned Detroit United Railway (DUR), which had controlled much of Detroit's mass transit operations since its incorporation in 1901. [3] The DSR added bus service when it created the Motorbus Division in 1925. At the height of its operation in 1941, the DSR operated 20 streetcar lines with 910 streetcars. [4] By 1952, only four streetcar lines remained: Woodward, Gratiot, Michigan and Jefferson. Streetcar services was discontinued in April 1956 with the decommissioning of the Woodward line. The DSR formally became the DDOT in 1974 under the Detroit City Charter. [5]

2000s-2020s

Between 2009 and 2012, the system's seven remaining limited and express bus routes (70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, and 78) were discontinued. [6]

Starting January 1, 2012, management of DDOT was contracted out to Parsons Brinckerhoff, an engineering and management firm. The firm subsequently subcontracted the management of the system to Envisurage, LLC a consultancy run by the former CEO of the Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority. [7] [8] On March 3, 2012, 24-hour service was discontinued, and other weekday and weekend routes and services were pared down, or eliminated entirely, in an attempt to produce savings for the department. [9] In August 2013, management of DDOT was contracted out to MV Transportation under the direction of Paul Toliver until September 2014. Dan Dirks was appointed director of the department by mayor Mike Duggan on January 9, 2014, for the duration of MV Transportation's contract. [10] MV Transportation's contract was extended for another two years on August 12, 2014. [11]

On January 23, 2016, DDOT reintroduced 24-hour service on three principal routes along with other smaller service changes. [12]

On September 1, 2018, the system's ten most popular routes were branded as "ConnectTen" and renumbered as routes 1-10, and received 24/7 service among other changes. The existing routes numbered 7, 9, and 10 were given higher route numbers to avoid conflict. [13]

2020s

In November 2021, the Detroit City Council approved plans to construct a new State Fair Transit Center, housed inside the disused Dairy Cattle Building, one of the last remaining structures from the State Fairgrounds. [14] The Council rejected a prior plan, which called for the historic building's demolition. [15] The original State Fair Transit Center, dating back to the streetcar era, closed permanently on November 6, 2022, and was promptly demolished; a temporary transit center was constructed in the former State Fair parking lot, 500 feet to the north, entering service the next day. [16] [17] [18] Construction began on the new permanent transit center in May 2023. [19] [20] [21]

The new State Fair Transit Center is dedicated to the memory of DDOT bus driver Jason Hargrove, who advocated for better protections for DDOT drivers during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hargrove died in April 2020 from COVID-19, and the transit center was dedicated in his memory in March 2024. The Jason Hargrove Transit Center opened on May 11, 2024. [22]

"Reimagined" network overhaul

In the summer of 2022, DDOT announced DDOT Reimagined, a project to redesign the agency's route network and upgrade its infrastructure for better reliability, better coverage, more efficient travel, and reduced environmental impact. The plan's first phase, conducted that summer, consisted of public outreach to gather riders' input, through in-person and virtual meetings, workshops and pop-ups at popular bus stops. [23] [24]

In Spring 2023, DDOT launched the second phase of Reimagined, which included a draft of the planned redesign. [23] The draft plan called for every route in the system to run at least every 30 minutes (where many currently run hourly), with more popular routes operating at 15-minute headways. Six routes – 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, & 10 – were slated for service every ten minutes (with route 4 running every 7½), and upgrades resembling bus rapid transit. These six, plus four other routes, would run 24/7 under this plan, with all other routes in the system running from 4 a.m. to 1 a.m., seven days a week. [25]

To achieve this plan, three of the system's least-used routes – 12, 40, & 46 – were recommended for discontinuation, while four others – 23 & 39, 29 & 42 – would be combined into two resulting routes. Other routes would be rerouted, with some seeing extensions: of note was a proposed extension of route 17 into Livonia, a neighboring community which opts out of the suburban SMART system. A new route (70) was also proposed, planned to run near the Detroit Riverfront, connecting Belle Isle with the Gordie Howe International Bridge. [25]

DDOT states that the planned redesign would mean 99% of regular riders would live within walking distance of a DDOT route, though the planned rerouting eliminates service on a number of streets. The agency conducted another series of outreach events to gauge riders' opinion, with a mobile exhibit, inside a converted bus, making a two-month tour of the system's major hubs. [24]

In August 2023, DDOT's director, C. Mikel Oglesby, resigned. G. Michael Staley, then DDOT's paratransit manager, was appointed by Mayor Mike Duggan to replace Oglesby in an interim capacity. [26] Staley previously served as a regional vice president at Veolia Transport, now known as Transdev. [27]

DDOT published the final version of the Reimagined plan in February 2024. Most of the draft plan was kept, though public input influenced a couple of major changes: route 2 was added to the routes slated for service every 10 minutes, route 12 is no longer slated for discontinuation, and the extension of route 17 into Livonia was cancelled. [28] Throughout the spring of 2024, DDOT will conduct further public outreach to gather feedback on the plan.

Services

Fixed-route buses

DDOT's primary service is fixed-route buses, mostly serving the city of Detroit and its enclaves, Hamtramck and Highland Park. Some routes service the neighboring suburban communities of Dearborn, Dearborn Heights, Harper Woods, Livonia, Redford, River Rouge, Southfield, and the Grosse Pointe communities; while services on 8 Mile also serve the southern borders of Eastpointe, Ferndale, Hazel Park, Oak Park, Royal Oak Township, Warren, and Eastpointe. [29] [30]

Bus service generally operates between 5 a.m. and 12:30 a.m. Monday through Saturday, while Sunday service starts approximately 7 a.m. and ends between 8 and 9 p.m. [31] Routes 3-8, 10, 16 and 17 operate at all times. [13]

Rosa Parks Transit Center RosaparksBusTerminaldetroit.jpg
Rosa Parks Transit Center

Current routes

All termini listed are in the city of Detroit unless otherwise noted.

  = ConnectTen
  = 30-minute rush hour frequency
  = 60-minute rush hour frequency

#NameTerminiLengthFrequency (min)Notes
Mon-FriSatSun
1Vernor Rosa Parks Transit Center Michigan + Schaefer, Dearborn 9.2 mi (14.8 km)303060
2MichiganRosa Parks Transit Center Fairlane Town Center, Dearborn 10.5 mi (16.9 km)306060
3Grand RiverJefferson + BeaubienGrand River + 7 Mile15 mi (24 km)15–203030
4WoodwardRosa Parks Transit Center Jason Hargrove Transit Center 10 mi (16 km)122020
5Van Dyke/LafayetteRosa Parks Transit CenterBel Air Center15 mi (24 km)303060
6Gratiot3rd + MichiganGratiot + 8 Mile11.9 mi (19.2 km)153030
7Seven MileMoross + MackMeijer Old Redford19.8 mi (31.9 km)15–203030
8WarrenMoross + MackWarren + Telegraph20.1 mi (32.3 km)20–304060
9JeffersonRosa Parks Transit CenterJefferson + Alter Rd, Grosse Pointe Park 7.5 mi (12.1 km)101515
10 Greenfield Fairlane Town Center, Dearborn Northland, Southfield 13.9 mi (22.4 km)15–203030Overnight service ends at Michigan/Greenfield
11ClairmountWarren + ConnerFort + Clark14.8 mi (23.8 km)60--
12Conant Belle Isle Jason Hargrove Transit Center11.8 mi (19.0 km)606060
13ConnerJefferson + St. JeanBel Air Center8.2 mi (13.2 km)606060
15Chicago/DavisonMcNichols + Joseph Campau Plymouth + Burt12.7 mi (20.4 km)606060Truncated to Woodward/Manchester on weekends
16DexterJefferson + ShelbyNorthland, Southfield 19.5 mi (31.4 km)203030Truncated to Rosa Parks Transit Center on weekends
17Eight MileMoross + Mack7 Mile + Grand River22.6 mi (36.4 km)20-303030
18FenkellRosa Parks Transit CenterFenkell + Telegraph17.5 mi (28.2 km) (detour)4545-6060
19FortRosa Parks Transit CenterFort + W Outer Dr8.3 mi (13.4 km)606060
23Hamilton-John RRosa Parks Transit Center8 Mile + Woodward11.6 mi (18.7 km)606060
27JoyRosa Parks Transit CenterTelegraph + W Chicago,

Redford

15.7 mi (25.3 km)505050
29LinwoodRosa Parks Transit Center University of Detroit Mercy 9.6 mi (15.4 km)606060
30LivernoisJefferson + BrennanJason Hargrove Transit Center14.8 mi (23.8 km)40–606060
31MackRosa Parks Transit CenterMoross + Mack10.7 mi (17.2 km)303060
32McNicholsMoross + MackMcNichols + Telegraph24 mi (39 km)30-406060Truncated to Old Redford Meijer on weekends

Truncated to Cadieux/Mack on Sundays

38PlymouthGratiot + FrenchSchoolcraft + Middlebelt,Livonia 20.9 mi (33.6 km)606060
39PuritanWoodward + ManchesterSouthfield Fwy + Fenkell6.9 mi (11.1 km)606060
40RussellRosa Parks Transit CenterE Outer Dr + Van Dyke14.9 mi (24.0 km)60--
41SchaeferW Jefferson + Brennan8 Mile + Schaefer13.8 mi (22.2 km)606060
42Mid-City LoopClockwise loop through Woodward & Mack, Woodward & Manchester12 mi (19 km)606060
43SchoolcraftWoodward + Manchester, Highland Park Telegraph + W Chicago, Redford 11.5 mi (18.5 km)606060
46Southfield Fairlane Town Center, Dearborn Northland, Southfield 12.4 miles (20.0 km)60--Weekday peak only
47TiremanMack + John RRiver Rouge Park12 miles (19 km)50--Weekday peak only
52CheneRosa Parks Transit CenterNevada + Van Dyke12.8 miles (20.6 km)606060
54WyomingJefferson + West EndJason Hargrove Transit Center15.4 miles (24.8 km)606060
60EvergreenFairlane Town Center, Dearborn 10 Mile + Evergreen,Southfield 11.6 miles (18.7 km)303060
67Cadillac-HarperRosa Parks Transit CenterMoross + Mack13.2 miles (21.2 km)606060
68ChalmersJefferson + St. Jean8 Mile + Schoenherr9.2 miles (14.8 km)606060

Paratransit

Along with fixed-route bus service, DDOT also offers MetroLift, an on-demand paratransit service. MetroLift service is operated by four private contractors: Moe Transportation, Big Star Transit, Checker Cab Company, and Delray United Action Council. [32]

Detroit Downtown Trolley

An ex-Lisbon streetcar on Jefferson Avenue in 1991 Detroit Downtown Trolley on Jefferson Avenue, May 1991.jpg
An ex-Lisbon streetcar on Jefferson Avenue in 1991

The Detroit Downtown Trolley (originally the Detroit Citizens' Railway) was a heritage trolley built in 1976 as a U.S. Bicentennial project. [33] The trolley ran over a one-mile L-shaped route from Grand Circus Park to near the Renaissance Center, via Washington Boulevard and Jefferson Avenue, using narrow-gauge trams acquired from municipal rail services outside the U.S. Most of the Detroit cars that saw service from 1976 to 2003 had been acquired from Lisbon, Portugal. [34] Many Detroiters old enough to remember streetcar service from before 1956 were delighted with the nod to nostalgia that the service represented, but lack of business activity in downtown Detroit meant that ridership of the Downtown Trolley never became more than a novelty and declined to only about 3000 per year in the late 1990s; service was suspended in June 2003. [35] [36]

Fares

Since 2019, DDOT, SMART, and the QLine have had a unified fare payment system, Dart. [37] [38] Dart passes are available as digital passes through the Token Transit app, or as physical passes, which can be purchased from SMART's ticket offices in downtown Detroit and Royal Oak, the Rosa Parks Transit Center, SMART's online store, and select local businesses. [39] 4-hour and 24-hour passes can be purchased with cash onboard buses.

Standard Fares

TypeFare24-Hour Pass
Regular$2$5
Student$0.50$2
Senior/Disabled^
Medicare Cardholder^^
Children under 44 inches (110 cm) with adult (limit 3)Free

^To receive discounted fares, seniors (age 65+) and disabled passengers must present either DDOT Special Fares ID card or state ID with visual impairment designation.

^^Medicare cardholders pay same rates as children 6–17, seniors at least 65 & disabled.

Fleet

2012 Gillig Low Floor DDOT 2012 Gillig Low Floor 1218.jpg
2012 Gillig Low Floor
2015 XD60, rewrapped in the 2017-18 livery like many of DDOT's 2014-15 Xcelsiors DDOT 2015 New Flyer XD60 1544.jpg
2015 XD60, rewrapped in the 2017-18 livery like many of DDOT's 2014-15 Xcelsiors

Current fleet

2021 ZX5 DDOT 2021 Proterra ZX5 2101e.jpg
2021 ZX5
DDOT fleet as of June 2023 [40] [41]
Fleet SeriesYearMakeModelLengthCapacityPropulsionEngineQuantity
1201–12422012 Gillig Low Floor 4039 Diesel Cummins ISL9 42
1243–12462012 Diesel Electric Cummins ISL9 4
1400–14302014 New Flyer XD40 4140Diesel Cummins ISL9 31
1500–1508
1519–1538
201529
1509–15182015 XDE40 Diesel Electric Cummins ISL9 10
1539–15482015 XD60 60.860Diesel Cummins ISL9 10
1700–17282017XD404140Diesel Cummins L9 29
1800–1829201830
1900–1924201925
1960–19642019XD6060.860DieselCummins L95
2000–20252020XD404140DieselCummins L926
2100e–2103e2021 Proterra ZX5 4040 Battery Electric Proterra ProDrive4
2200–22372022New FlyerXD404140DieselCummins L928
2300–2309202310
2500 Series2025New FlyerXDE404140DieselCummins L9 EPA2445

Retired fleet

[42]

2010 D40LF DDOT 2010 New Flyer D40LF 1005.jpg
2010 D40LF
YearMakeModelLengthCapacityPropulsionEngineFleet SeriesQuantityRetired
1975 GM Coach New Look 4036 Diesel Detroit Diesel 6V-71 300111986
1975 GM Coach New Look 3033 Diesel GMC D-478 Toro-Flow II 3002-300651986
1975 GM Coach New Look 4048 Diesel Detroit Diesel 6V-71 1001–11481481996
1975 AM General Corp. Metropolitan Series 4049 Diesel Detroit Diesel 6V-71 1201–1251511986
1978 GM Coach RTS-II 4047 Diesel Detroit Diesel 8V-71N 1300–1369701993
1978 GM Coach RTS-II 4043 Diesel Detroit Diesel 8V-71N 1370L-1410L411997
1979 GM Coach RTS-II 4046 Diesel Detroit Diesel 8V-71N 1501L-1605L1051999
1979 GM Coach RTS-II 3536 Diesel Detroit Diesel 8V-71N 1701L-1717L171997
1980 GM Coach RTS-II 4041-46 Diesel Detroit Diesel 8V-71N 1801L-1874L741999
1981 Bus Industries of America Inc. Orion II21.926 Diesel Detroit Diesel Allison 8.2 Liter "Fuel Pincher"001-00221997
1985 GM Coach New Look 4048 Diesel Detroit Diesel 6V-71 2521-2534141986
1987 GM of Canada GMC Classic 4047-49 Diesel Detroit Diesel 6V-71N 1900–19991002002
1989 Motor Coach Industries MCI Classic 4051 Diesel Detroit Diesel 8V-92TA 2000–2084852003
1989 Neoplan USA AN460 6065 Diesel Detroit Diesel 6V-92TA 8900-8913142002
1992 New Flyer D40HF 4045 Diesel Detroit Diesel 8V-92 3000-31201212005
1995 Nova Bus RTS 06 4043 Diesel Detroit Diesel Series 50 3200-3232332008
1996 Goshen Coach MB19FD3019 Diesel Cummins 5.9L B-Series 3300-3328292001
1996 Nova Bus RTS 06 4043 Diesel Detroit Diesel Series 50 3500-35991002012
1997 Nova Bus RTS 06 4043 Diesel Detroit Diesel Series 50 3250-3282332012
1996–97 Nova Bus RTS 06 4043 Diesel Detroit Diesel Series 50 3600-3617182012
1997 Nova Bus RTS 06 4039 Diesel Detroit Diesel Series 50 3290-3299102010
1998 Chance Bus Corp CNG-282827 CNG Cummins 5.9L B-Series 4000-400342004
1998 Chance Bus Corp CNG-282827 CNG Cummins 5.9L B-Series 4004-4013102004
2000 Chance Bus Corp CNG-282827 CNG Cummins 5.9L B-Series 4014-4024112004
2001 Nova Bus RTS 06 4043 Diesel Detroit Diesel Series 50 3700-37991002015
2001-02 Nova Bus RTS 06 4043 Diesel Detroit Diesel Series 50 3800-3859602015
2003 New Flyer D40LF 4039 Diesel Detroit Diesel Series 50 3900-3959602019
2004 New Flyer D40LF 4039 Diesel Detroit Diesel Series 50 3975-3989152016–17
2005 New Flyer D40LF 4039 Diesel Cummins ISL-05 4100-42201212020
2010 New Flyer D40LF 4039 Diesel Cummins ISL-07 1001-1050502022-23

Labor relations

DDOT's bus operators are represented by Amalgamated Transit Union Local 26, [43] and mechanics are represented by AFSCME Local 312. [44]

See also

References

  1. "Transit Ridership Report Third Quarter 2024" (PDF). American Public Transportation Association. November 20, 2024. Retrieved November 23, 2024.
  2. "Transit Ridership Report Fourth Quarter 2024" (PDF). American Public Transportation Association. February 19, 2025. Retrieved February 25, 2025.
  3. Houston, Kay (2000-01-17). "Clang, clang, clang went the trolley". The Detroit News . Gannett. Archived from the original on 2013-02-15.
  4. "Department of Street Railways (D.S.R.) 1941 Streetcar Route Map". detroittransithistory.info. Retrieved 2014-03-23.
  5. "A Brief Look-Back at Detroit's Transit History". detroittransithistory.info. Retrieved 2014-03-23.
  6. "DDOT Routes & Numbers". detroittransithistory.info. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
  7. Kaffer, Nancy (5 January 2012). "Bing: Detroit won't run out of cash in April — thanks to cuts, more revenue". Crain's Detroit Business . Crain Communications. Archived from the original on May 17, 2023.
  8. Bukowski, Diane (9 February 2012). "Bing to Slash Bus Routes, D-DOT Jobs Feb. 24; Contractor Gets Big $$$". Voice of Detroit. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  9. Phelps, Greenwood, Laura, Tom (3 March 2012). "Changes to Detroit bus service in effect". The Detroit News. Retrieved 4 March 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)[ permanent dead link ]
  10. "Mayor Duggan Names Dan Dirks as DDOT Director". City of Detroit Department of Communications and Creative Services. 9 January 2014. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  11. "City of Detroit Extends Administrative Support Services Contract with MV Transportation". MV Transportation. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  12. "DDOT Service Change Proposal, January 2016" (PDF). Detroit Department of Transportation. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  13. 1 2 "New DDOT ConnectTen service to add 500 trips per week with 15-minute peak hour frequency, Wi-Fi". Detroit Department of Transportation. August 28, 2018. Retrieved November 1, 2018.
  14. Afana, Dana. "Detroit City Council OKs new transit center at old State Fairgrounds site". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  15. Afana, Dana. "Fate of Detroit transit hub, historic buildings at former fairgrounds expected". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  16. "STATE FAIR TRANSIT CENTER CLOSURE & RELOCATION NOVEMBER 7, 2022". Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation . 2022-11-03. Archived from the original on 2022-12-04.
  17. Huffman, Bryce (2022-11-21). "Some bus riders left cold and confused by temporary State Fair transit hub". Bridge Detroit.
  18. "DDOT announces new transit hub location as work on new State Fair Transit Center continues". City of Detroit. 2022-11-04. Retrieved 2023-07-30.
  19. Lawrence, Eric D. (2023-05-03). "Detroit transit center construction underway at old state fairgrounds". Detroit Free Press . Gannett . Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  20. Plaid, Andrea (2023-05-09). "Detroit State Fair Transit Center to Transform Transportation in the City". The Michigan Chronicle. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  21. Clarke, Megan; Woods, Kayla (2023-11-05). "An inside look at progress on Detroit's new State Fair Transit Center". WDIV . Retrieved 2023-11-05.
  22. Martin, Kylie (2024-05-11). "Mayor Duggan takes bus to opening day at Detroit's new Jason Hargrove Transit Center". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
  23. 1 2 Barrett, Malachi (2023-04-24). "Detroit Department of Transportation wants residents to help overhaul bus service through 'reimagined' plan". Bridge Detroit. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  24. 1 2 "DDOT Reimagined". Detroit Department of Transportation. 2023-04-24 via Internet Archive.
  25. 1 2 "DDOT Route Recommendations" (PDF). Detroit Department of Transportation. 2023-04-24.
  26. Afana, Dana (2023-08-22). "Detroit Department of Transportation director Mikel Oglesby resigns after 3 years". Detroit Free Press . Retrieved 2023-09-10.
  27. Neavling, Steve. "Ethics complaint alleges improper hiring of Detroit paratransit leader". Detroit Metro Times. Retrieved 2024-02-02.
  28. "DDOT Final Route Recommendations" (PDF). Detroit Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  29. "System Map" (PDF). Detroit Department of Transportation. 2009-02-26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-08.
  30. "System Map" (PDF). Detroit Department of Transportation. 2021-11-15.
  31. "Pocket Schedules". Detroit Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on 2011-09-16. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
  32. "DDOT Paratransit Service" (PDF). Detroit Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
  33. "Detroit Downtown Trolley". www.jtbell.net. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  34. Thompson, Richard. "Portuguese Trams Imported by Gales Creek Enterprises (1974-1993)" (PDF). The Transfer. Vol. 25, no. 1. Oregon Electric Railway Historical Society. pp. 3–4.
  35. King, R.J. (2004-10-24). "Historic trolleys are history". The Detroit News via Seashore Trolley Museum.
  36. Gallagher, John (2003-10-31). "Near the end of the riderless line: Detroit plans to sell its 9 trolleys". Detroit Free Press via Seashore Trolley Museum.
  37. Lawrence, Eric D. (2019-04-17). "DDOT, SMART to launch unified payment system to cut hassle for Detroit bus riders". Detroit Free Press . Gannett . Retrieved 2022-10-02.
  38. Lawrence, Eric D. (2019-08-20). "QLINE to join DDOT, SMART unified payment system beginning in October". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
  39. "Buy Passes". Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation . Retrieved 2022-10-02.
  40. "Detroit Transit History Roster". detroittransithistory.info.
  41. "Detroit Department of Transportation". CPTDB Wiki. Canadian Public Transit Discussion Board. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
  42. "Detroit Transit Info Retired Fleet". detroittransithistory.info.
  43. Rahman, Nargis (2024-01-05). "DDOT bus drivers to receive pay raise under new deal". WDET . Retrieved 2024-08-15.
  44. Fayad, Aya (2024-08-07). "'A broken system': Why one-third of Detroit's buses are routinely broken down". The Detroit News . Archived from the original on 2024-08-07.