Detroit Department of Transportation

Detroit Department of Transportation

Parent	City of Detroit
Founded	1922
Headquarters	100 Mack Avenue
Service area	Detroit and select surrounding cities
Service type	Bus Paratransit
Routes	37
Hubs	Rosa Parks Transit Center Jason Hargrove Transit Center
Fleet	323
Daily ridership	43,500 (weekdays, Q3 2024) [1]
Annual ridership	11,048,700 (2023) [2]
Fuel type	Diesel Electric
Operator	City of Detroit
Director	Robert Cramer
Website	detroitmi.gov/ddot

The Detroit Department of Transportation (DDOT) (pronounced DEE-dot) is the primary public transportation operator serving Detroit, Michigan. In existence since 1922, DDOT is a division of the city government, headed by a director appointed by the mayor. Primarily serving Detroit and its enclaves, DDOT is supplemented by suburban service from the Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART). In 2023, the system had a ridership of 11,048,700, or about 43,500 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2024.

History

Department of Street Railways

Restored ex-DSR bus 7618 built by Checker Cab at the AACA Museum in Hershey, Pennsylvania

The DDOT began its life as the Department of Street Railways (DSR) in 1922 after the municipalization of the privately-owned Detroit United Railway (DUR), which had controlled much of Detroit's mass transit operations since its incorporation in 1901. ^[3] The DSR added bus service when it created the Motorbus Division in 1925. At the height of its operation in 1941, the DSR operated 20 streetcar lines with 910 streetcars. ^[4] By 1952, only four streetcar lines remained: Woodward, Gratiot, Michigan and Jefferson. Streetcar services was discontinued in April 1956 with the decommissioning of the Woodward line. The DSR formally became the DDOT in 1974 under the Detroit City Charter. ^[5]

2000s-2020s

Between 2009 and 2012, the system's seven remaining limited and express bus routes (70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, and 78) were discontinued. ^[6]

Starting January 1, 2012, management of DDOT was contracted out to Parsons Brinckerhoff, an engineering and management firm. The firm subsequently subcontracted the management of the system to Envisurage, LLC a consultancy run by the former CEO of the Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority. ^{[7] [8]} On March 3, 2012, 24-hour service was discontinued, and other weekday and weekend routes and services were pared down, or eliminated entirely, in an attempt to produce savings for the department. ^[9] In August 2013, management of DDOT was contracted out to MV Transportation under the direction of Paul Toliver until September 2014. Dan Dirks was appointed director of the department by mayor Mike Duggan on January 9, 2014, for the duration of MV Transportation's contract. ^[10] MV Transportation's contract was extended for another two years on August 12, 2014. ^[11]

On January 23, 2016, DDOT reintroduced 24-hour service on three principal routes along with other smaller service changes. ^[12]

On September 1, 2018, the system's ten most popular routes were branded as "ConnectTen" and renumbered as routes 1-10, and received 24/7 service among other changes. The existing routes numbered 7, 9, and 10 were given higher route numbers to avoid conflict. ^[13]

2020s

In November 2021, the Detroit City Council approved plans to construct a new State Fair Transit Center, housed inside the disused Dairy Cattle Building, one of the last remaining structures from the State Fairgrounds. ^[14] The Council rejected a prior plan, which called for the historic building's demolition. ^[15] The original State Fair Transit Center, dating back to the streetcar era, closed permanently on November 6, 2022, and was promptly demolished; a temporary transit center was constructed in the former State Fair parking lot, 500 feet to the north, entering service the next day. ^{[16] [17] [18]} Construction began on the new permanent transit center in May 2023. ^{[19] [20] [21]}

The new State Fair Transit Center is dedicated to the memory of DDOT bus driver Jason Hargrove, who advocated for better protections for DDOT drivers during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hargrove died in April 2020 from COVID-19, and the transit center was dedicated in his memory in March 2024. The Jason Hargrove Transit Center opened on May 11, 2024. ^[22]

"Reimagined" network overhaul

In the summer of 2022, DDOT announced DDOT Reimagined, a project to redesign the agency's route network and upgrade its infrastructure for better reliability, better coverage, more efficient travel, and reduced environmental impact. The plan's first phase, conducted that summer, consisted of public outreach to gather riders' input, through in-person and virtual meetings, workshops and pop-ups at popular bus stops. ^{[23] [24]}

In Spring 2023, DDOT launched the second phase of Reimagined, which included a draft of the planned redesign. ^[23] The draft plan called for every route in the system to run at least every 30 minutes (where many currently run hourly), with more popular routes operating at 15-minute headways. Six routes – 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, & 10 – were slated for service every ten minutes (with route 4 running every 7½), and upgrades resembling bus rapid transit. These six, plus four other routes, would run 24/7 under this plan, with all other routes in the system running from 4 a.m. to 1 a.m., seven days a week. ^[25]

To achieve this plan, three of the system's least-used routes – 12, 40, & 46 – were recommended for discontinuation, while four others – 23 & 39, 29 & 42 – would be combined into two resulting routes. Other routes would be rerouted, with some seeing extensions: of note was a proposed extension of route 17 into Livonia, a neighboring community which opts out of the suburban SMART system. A new route (70) was also proposed, planned to run near the Detroit Riverfront, connecting Belle Isle with the Gordie Howe International Bridge. ^[25]

DDOT states that the planned redesign would mean 99% of regular riders would live within walking distance of a DDOT route, though the planned rerouting eliminates service on a number of streets. The agency conducted another series of outreach events to gauge riders' opinion, with a mobile exhibit, inside a converted bus, making a two-month tour of the system's major hubs. ^[24]

In August 2023, DDOT's director, C. Mikel Oglesby, resigned. G. Michael Staley, then DDOT's paratransit manager, was appointed by Mayor Mike Duggan to replace Oglesby in an interim capacity. ^[26] Staley previously served as a regional vice president at Veolia Transport, now known as Transdev. ^[27]

DDOT published the final version of the Reimagined plan in February 2024. Most of the draft plan was kept, though public input influenced a couple of major changes: route 2 was added to the routes slated for service every 10 minutes, route 12 is no longer slated for discontinuation, and the extension of route 17 into Livonia was cancelled. ^[28] Throughout the spring of 2024, DDOT will conduct further public outreach to gather feedback on the plan.

Services

Fixed-route buses

DDOT's primary service is fixed-route buses, mostly serving the city of Detroit and its enclaves, Hamtramck and Highland Park. Some routes service neighboring suburban communities, including Dearborn, Harper Woods, Livonia, Redford, River Rouge, and Southfield. ^{[29] [30]}

Bus service generally operates between 5 a.m. and 12:30 a.m. Monday through Saturday, while Sunday service starts approximately 7 a.m. and ends between 8 and 9 p.m. ^[31] Routes 3-8, 10, 16 and 17 operate at all times. ^[13]

Rosa Parks Transit Center

Current routes

All termini listed are in the city of Detroit unless otherwise noted.

  = ConnectTen
  = 30-minute rush hour frequency
  = 60-minute rush hour frequency

#	Name	Termini		Length	Frequency (min)			Notes
					Mon-Fri	Sat	Sun
1	Vernor	Rosa Parks Transit Center	Michigan + Schaefer, Dearborn	9.2 mi (14.8 km)	30	30	60
2	Michigan	Rosa Parks Transit Center	Fairlane Town Center, Dearborn	10.5 mi (16.9 km)	30	60	60
3	Grand River	Jefferson + Beaubien	Grand River + 7 Mile	15 mi (24 km)	15–20	30	30
4	Woodward	Rosa Parks Transit Center	Jason Hargrove Transit Center	10 mi (16 km)	12	20	20
5	Van Dyke/Lafayette	Rosa Parks Transit Center	Bel Air Center	15 mi (24 km)	30	30	60
6	Gratiot	3rd + Michigan	Gratiot + 8 Mile	11.9 mi (19.2 km)	15	30	30
7	Seven Mile	Moross + Mack	Meijer Old Redford	19.8 mi (31.9 km)	15–20	30	30
8	Warren	Moross + Mack	Warren + Telegraph	20.1 mi (32.3 km)	20–30	40	60
9	Jefferson	Rosa Parks Transit Center	Jefferson + Alter Rd, Grosse Pointe Park	7.5 mi (12.1 km)	10	15	15
10	Greenfield	Fairlane Town Center, Dearborn	Northland, Southfield	13.9 mi (22.4 km)	15–20	30	30	Overnight service ends at Michigan/Greenfield
11	Clairmount	Warren + Conner	Fort + Clark	14.8 mi (23.8 km)	60	-	-
12	Conant	Belle Isle	Jason Hargrove Transit Center	11.8 mi (19.0 km)	60	60	60
13	Conner	Jefferson + St. Jean	Bel Air Center	8.2 mi (13.2 km)	60	60	60
15	Chicago/Davison	McNichols + Joseph Campau	Plymouth + Burt	12.7 mi (20.4 km)	60	60	60	Truncated to Woodward/Manchester on weekends
16	Dexter	Jefferson + Shelby	Northland, Southfield	19.5 mi (31.4 km)	20	30	30	Truncated to Rosa Parks Transit Center on weekends
17	Eight Mile	Moross + Mack	7 Mile + Grand River	22.6 mi (36.4 km)	20-30	30	30
18	Fenkell	Rosa Parks Transit Center	Fenkell + Telegraph	17.5 mi (28.2 km) (detour)	45	45-60	60
19	Fort	Rosa Parks Transit Center	Fort + W Outer Dr	8.3 mi (13.4 km)	60	60	60
23	Hamilton-John R	Rosa Parks Transit Center	8 Mile + Woodward	11.6 mi (18.7 km)	60	60	60
27	Joy	Rosa Parks Transit Center	Telegraph + W Chicago, Redford	15.7 mi (25.3 km)	50	50	50
29	Linwood	Rosa Parks Transit Center	University of Detroit Mercy	9.6 mi (15.4 km)	60	60	60
30	Livernois	Jefferson + Brennan	Jason Hargrove Transit Center	14.8 mi (23.8 km)	40–60	60	60
31	Mack	Rosa Parks Transit Center	Moross + Mack	10.7 mi (17.2 km)	30	30	60
32	McNichols	Moross + Mack	McNichols + Telegraph	24 mi (39 km)	30-40	60	60	Truncated to Old Redford Meijer on weekends Truncated to Cadieux/Mack on Sundays
38	Plymouth	Gratiot + French	Schoolcraft + Middlebelt,Livonia	20.9 mi (33.6 km)	60	60	60
39	Puritan	Woodward + Manchester	Southfield Fwy + Fenkell	6.9 mi (11.1 km)	60	60	60
40	Russell	Rosa Parks Transit Center	E Outer Dr + Van Dyke	14.9 mi (24.0 km)	60	-	-
41	Schaefer	W Jefferson + Brennan	8 Mile + Schaefer	13.8 mi (22.2 km)	60	60	60
42	Mid-City Loop	Clockwise loop through Woodward & Mack, Woodward & Manchester		12 mi (19 km)	60	60	60
43	Schoolcraft	Woodward + Manchester, Highland Park	Telegraph + W Chicago, Redford	11.5 mi (18.5 km)	60	60	60
46	Southfield	Fairlane Town Center, Dearborn	Northland, Southfield	12.4 miles (20.0 km)	60	-	-	Weekday peak only
47	Tireman	Mack + John R	River Rouge Park	12 miles (19 km)	50	-	-	Weekday peak only
52	Chene	Rosa Parks Transit Center	Nevada + Van Dyke	12.8 miles (20.6 km)	60	60	60
54	Wyoming	Jefferson + West End	Jason Hargrove Transit Center	15.4 miles (24.8 km)	60	60	60
60	Evergreen	Fairlane Town Center, Dearborn	10 Mile + Evergreen,Southfield	11.6 miles (18.7 km)	30	30	60
67	Cadillac-Harper	Rosa Parks Transit Center	Moross + Mack	13.2 miles (21.2 km)	60	60	60
68	Chalmers	Jefferson + St. Jean	8 Mile + Schoenherr	9.2 miles (14.8 km)	60	60	60

Paratransit

Along with fixed-route bus service, DDOT also offers MetroLift, an on-demand paratransit service. MetroLift service is operated by four private contractors: Moe Transportation, Big Star Transit, Checker Cab Company, and Delray United Action Council. ^[32]

Detroit Downtown Trolley

Main article: Detroit Downtown Trolley

An ex-Lisbon streetcar on Jefferson Avenue in 1991

The Detroit Downtown Trolley (originally the Detroit Citizens' Railway) was a heritage trolley built in 1976 as a U.S. Bicentennial project. ^[33] The trolley ran over a one-mile L-shaped route from Grand Circus Park to near the Renaissance Center, via Washington Boulevard and Jefferson Avenue, using narrow-gauge trams acquired from municipal rail services outside the U.S. Most of the Detroit cars that saw service from 1976 to 2003 had been acquired from Lisbon, Portugal. ^[34] Many Detroiters old enough to remember streetcar service from before 1956 were delighted with the nod to nostalgia that the service represented, but lack of business activity in downtown Detroit meant that ridership of the Downtown Trolley never became more than a novelty and declined to only about 3000 per year in the late 1990s; service was suspended in June 2003. ^{[35] [36]}

Fares

Since 2019, DDOT, SMART, and the QLine have had a unified fare payment system, Dart. ^{[37] [38]} Dart passes are available as digital passes through the Token Transit app, or as physical passes, which can be purchased from SMART's ticket offices in downtown Detroit and Royal Oak, the Rosa Parks Transit Center, SMART's online store, and select local businesses. ^[39] 4-hour and 24-hour passes can be purchased with cash onboard buses.

Standard Fares

Type	Fare	24-Hour Pass
Regular	$2	$5
Student	$0.50	$2
Senior/Disabled^
Medicare Cardholder^^
Children under 44 inches (110 cm) with adult (limit 3)	Free

^To receive discounted fares, seniors (age 65+) and disabled passengers must present either DDOT Special Fares ID card or state ID with visual impairment designation.

^^Medicare cardholders pay same rates as children 6–17, seniors at least 65 & disabled.

Fleet

2012 Gillig Low Floor

2015 XD60, rewrapped in the 2017-18 livery like many of DDOT's 2014-15 Xcelsiors

Current fleet

2021 ZX5

DDOT fleet as of June 2023 ^{[40] [41]}

Fleet Series	Year	Make	Model	Length	Capacity	Propulsion	Engine	Quantity
1201–1242	2012	Gillig	Low Floor	40	39	Diesel	Cummins ISL9	42
1243–1246	2012					Diesel Electric	Cummins ISL9	4
1400–1430	2014	New Flyer	XD40	41	40	Diesel	Cummins ISL9	31
1500–1508 1519–1538	2015							29
1509–1518	2015		XDE40			Diesel Electric	Cummins ISL9	10
1539–1548	2015		XD60	60.8	60	Diesel	Cummins ISL9	10
1700–1728	2017		XD40	41	40	Diesel	Cummins L9	29
1800–1829	2018							30
1900–1924	2019							25
1960–1964	2019		XD60	60.8	60	Diesel	Cummins L9	5
2000–2025	2020		XD40	41	40	Diesel	Cummins L9	26
2100e–2103e	2021	Proterra	ZX5	40	40	Battery Electric	Proterra ProDrive	4
2200–2237	2022	New Flyer	XD40	41	40	Diesel	Cummins L9	28
2300–2309	2023							10

Retired fleet

^[42]

2010 D40LF

Year	Make	Model	Length	Capacity	Propulsion	Engine	Fleet Series	Quantity	Retired
1975	GM Coach	New Look	40	36	Diesel	Detroit Diesel 6V-71	3001	1	1986
1975	GM Coach	New Look	30	33	Diesel	GMC D-478 Toro-Flow II	3002-3006	5	1986
1975	GM Coach	New Look	40	48	Diesel	Detroit Diesel 6V-71	1001–1148	148	1996
1975	AM General Corp.	Metropolitan Series	40	49	Diesel	Detroit Diesel 6V-71	1201–1251	51	1986
1978	GM Coach	RTS-II	40	47	Diesel	Detroit Diesel 8V-71N	1300–1369	70	1993
1978	GM Coach	RTS-II	40	43	Diesel	Detroit Diesel 8V-71N	1370L-1410L	41	1997
1979	GM Coach	RTS-II	40	46	Diesel	Detroit Diesel 8V-71N	1501L-1605L	105	1999
1979	GM Coach	RTS-II	35	36	Diesel	Detroit Diesel 8V-71N	1701L-1717L	17	1997
1980	GM Coach	RTS-II	40	41-46	Diesel	Detroit Diesel 8V-71N	1801L-1874L	74	1999
1981	Bus Industries of America Inc.	Orion II	21.9	26	Diesel	Detroit Diesel Allison 8.2 Liter "Fuel Pincher"	001-002	2	1997
1985	GM Coach	New Look	40	48	Diesel	Detroit Diesel 6V-71	2521-2534	14	1986
1987	GM of Canada	GMC Classic	40	47-49	Diesel	Detroit Diesel 6V-71N	1900–1999	100	2002
1989	Motor Coach Industries	MCI Classic	40	51	Diesel	Detroit Diesel 8V-92TA	2000–2084	85	2003
1989	Neoplan USA	AN460	60	65	Diesel	Detroit Diesel 6V-92TA	8900-8913	14	2002
1992	New Flyer	D40HF	40	45	Diesel	Detroit Diesel 8V-92	3000-3120	121	2005
1995	Nova Bus	RTS 06	40	43	Diesel	Detroit Diesel Series 50	3200-3232	33	2008
1996	Goshen Coach	MB19FD	30	19	Diesel	Cummins 5.9L B-Series	3300-3328	29	2001
1996	Nova Bus	RTS 06	40	43	Diesel	Detroit Diesel Series 50	3500-3599	100	2012
1997	Nova Bus	RTS 06	40	43	Diesel	Detroit Diesel Series 50	3250-3282	33	2012
1996–97	Nova Bus	RTS 06	40	43	Diesel	Detroit Diesel Series 50	3600-3617	18	2012
1997	Nova Bus	RTS 06	40	39	Diesel	Detroit Diesel Series 50	3290-3299	10	2010
1998	Chance Bus Corp	CNG-28	28	27	CNG	Cummins 5.9L B-Series	4000-4003	4	2004
1998	Chance Bus Corp	CNG-28	28	27	CNG	Cummins 5.9L B-Series	4004-4013	10	2004
2000	Chance Bus Corp	CNG-28	28	27	CNG	Cummins 5.9L B-Series	4014-4024	11	2004
2001	Nova Bus	RTS 06	40	43	Diesel	Detroit Diesel Series 50	3700-3799	100	2015
2001-02	Nova Bus	RTS 06	40	43	Diesel	Detroit Diesel Series 50	3800-3859	60	2015
2003	New Flyer	D40LF	40	39	Diesel	Detroit Diesel Series 50	3900-3959	60	2019
2004	New Flyer	D40LF	40	39	Diesel	Detroit Diesel Series 50	3975-3989	15	2016–17
2005	New Flyer	D40LF	40	39	Diesel	Cummins ISL-05	4100-4220	121	2020
2010	New Flyer	D40LF	40	39	Diesel	Cummins ISL-07	1001-1050	50	2022-23

Labor relations

DDOT's bus operators are represented by Amalgamated Transit Union Local 26, ^[43] and mechanics are represented by AFSCME Local 312. ^[44]

See also

• Michigan portal
• Transportation portal

• Detroit People Mover
• Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation
• QLine

References

1. "Transit Ridership Report Third Quarter 2024" (PDF). American Public Transportation Association. November 20, 2024. Retrieved November 23, 2024.
2. "Transit Ridership Report Fourth Quarter 2023" (PDF). American Public Transportation Association. March 4, 2024. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
3. Houston, Kay (2000-01-17). "Clang, clang, clang went the trolley". The Detroit News . Gannett. Archived from the original on 2013-02-15.
4. "Department of Street Railways (D.S.R.) 1941 Streetcar Route Map". detroittransithistory.info. Retrieved 2014-03-23.
5. "A Brief Look-Back at Detroit's Transit History". detroittransithistory.info. Retrieved 2014-03-23.
6. "DDOT Routes & Numbers". detroittransithistory.info. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
7. Kaffer, Nancy (5 January 2012). "Bing: Detroit won't run out of cash in April — thanks to cuts, more revenue". Crain's Detroit Business . Crain Communications. Archived from the original on May 17, 2023.
8. Bukowski, Diane (9 February 2012). "Bing to Slash Bus Routes, D-DOT Jobs Feb. 24; Contractor Gets Big $$$". Voice of Detroit. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
9. Phelps, Greenwood, Laura, Tom (3 March 2012). "Changes to Detroit bus service in effect". The Detroit News. Retrieved 4 March 2012.^{[ permanent dead link ‍]}
10. "Mayor Duggan Names Dan Dirks as DDOT Director". City of Detroit Department of Communications and Creative Services. 9 January 2014. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
11. "City of Detroit Extends Administrative Support Services Contract with MV Transportation". MV Transportation. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
12. "DDOT Service Change Proposal, January 2016" (PDF). Detroit Department of Transportation. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
13. "New DDOT ConnectTen service to add 500 trips per week with 15-minute peak hour frequency, Wi-Fi". Detroit Department of Transportation. August 28, 2018. Retrieved November 1, 2018.
14. Afana, Dana. "Detroit City Council OKs new transit center at old State Fairgrounds site". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
15. Afana, Dana. "Fate of Detroit transit hub, historic buildings at former fairgrounds expected". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
16. "STATE FAIR TRANSIT CENTER CLOSURE & RELOCATION NOVEMBER 7, 2022". Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation . 2022-11-03. Archived from the original on 2022-12-04.
17. Huffman, Bryce (2022-11-21). "Some bus riders left cold and confused by temporary State Fair transit hub". Bridge Detroit.
18. "DDOT announces new transit hub location as work on new State Fair Transit Center continues". City of Detroit. 2022-11-04. Retrieved 2023-07-30.
19. Lawrence, Eric D. (2023-05-03). "Detroit transit center construction underway at old state fairgrounds". Detroit Free Press . Gannett . Retrieved 2023-05-14.
20. Plaid, Andrea (2023-05-09). "Detroit State Fair Transit Center to Transform Transportation in the City". The Michigan Chronicle. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
21. Clarke, Megan; Woods, Kayla (2023-11-05). "An inside look at progress on Detroit's new State Fair Transit Center". WDIV . Retrieved 2023-11-05.
22. Martin, Kylie (2024-05-11). "Mayor Duggan takes bus to opening day at Detroit's new Jason Hargrove Transit Center". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
23. Barrett, Malachi (2023-04-24). "Detroit Department of Transportation wants residents to help overhaul bus service through 'reimagined' plan". Bridge Detroit. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
24. "DDOT Reimagined". Detroit Department of Transportation. 2023-04-24 – via Internet Archive.
25. "DDOT Route Recommendations" (PDF). Detroit Department of Transportation. 2023-04-24.
26. Afana, Dana (2023-08-22). "Detroit Department of Transportation director Mikel Oglesby resigns after 3 years". Detroit Free Press . Retrieved 2023-09-10.
27. Neavling, Steve. "Ethics complaint alleges improper hiring of Detroit paratransit leader". Detroit Metro Times. Retrieved 2024-02-02.
28. "DDOT Final Route Recommendations" (PDF). Detroit Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
29. "System Map" (PDF). Detroit Department of Transportation. 2009-02-26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-08.
30. "System Map" (PDF). Detroit Department of Transportation. 2021-11-15.
31. "Pocket Schedules". Detroit Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on 2011-09-16. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
32. "DDOT Paratransit Service" (PDF). Detroit Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
33. "Detroit Downtown Trolley". www.jtbell.net. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
34. Thompson, Richard. "Portuguese Trams Imported by Gales Creek Enterprises (1974-1993)" (PDF). The Transfer. Vol. 25, no. 1. Oregon Electric Railway Historical Society. pp. 3–4.
35. King, R.J. (2004-10-24). "Historic trolleys are history". The Detroit News – via Seashore Trolley Museum.
36. Gallagher, John (2003-10-31). "Near the end of the riderless line: Detroit plans to sell its 9 trolleys". Detroit Free Press – via Seashore Trolley Museum.
37. Lawrence, Eric D. (2019-04-17). "DDOT, SMART to launch unified payment system to cut hassle for Detroit bus riders". Detroit Free Press . Gannett . Retrieved 2022-10-02.
38. Lawrence, Eric D. (2019-08-20). "QLINE to join DDOT, SMART unified payment system beginning in October". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
39. "Buy Passes". Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation . Retrieved 2022-10-02.
40. "Detroit Transit History Roster". detroittransithistory.info.
41. "Detroit Department of Transportation". CPTDB Wiki. Canadian Public Transit Discussion Board. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
42. "Detroit Transit Info Retired Fleet". detroittransithistory.info.
43. Rahman, Nargis (2024-01-05). "DDOT bus drivers to receive pay raise under new deal". WDET . Retrieved 2024-08-15.
44. Fayad, Aya (2024-08-07). "'A broken system': Why one-third of Detroit's buses are routinely broken down". The Detroit News . Archived from the original on 2024-08-07.

External links

• Detroit Department of Transportation Website
• Transportation Riders United