General Motors Canada

Last updated
General Motors of Canada Company
Company type Subsidiary
Industry Automotive
Predecessor McLaughlin Buick
Founded1918;106 years ago (1918)
Founder General Motors
Headquarters1908 Colonel Sam Drive
Oshawa, Ontario
L1H 8P7
Key people
Kristian Aquilina (President)
Products Automobiles
Engines
Brands
Revenue$31.675 billion (2007)
Number of employees
5271 (2021)
Parent General Motors
Website gm.ca

General Motors of Canada Company (French : La Compagnie General Motors du Canada), commonly known as GM Canada, is the Canadian subsidiary of US-based company General Motors. [1] It is headquartered in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.

Contents

In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, GM Canada received a combined loan commitment of CA$3 billion of financial assistance from the federal and provincial governments amid declining sales. [2] On November 26, 2018, GM announced the closure of its Oshawa plant, ending a century of automobile and related manufacturing operations in the city. [3] On November 5, 2020, GM announced reopening of the Oshawa plant in January 2022 to produce GMC Sierra and Chevrolet Silverado trucks, hiring up to 2,500 workers. 43°52′34″N78°48′15″W / 43.876110°N 78.804253°W / 43.876110; -78.804253

History

GM Canada has historically been one of the largest and most powerful corporations in Canada, being listed as the third "largest" in 1975, and being comparable to several publicly traded companies such as BCE, George Weston Limited, and Royal Bank of Canada. [4]

McLaughlin and Buick

McLaughlin/GM Canada models
1927 McLaughlin-Buick Royal Touring Car open top.jpg
Touring car built in 1927 for the Prince of Wales
1932 McLaughlin Buick Coupe (29369091898).jpg
1932 Coupe
1936 Buick McLaughlin series 90 8 Limousine (28888894561).jpg
1936 Series 90 limousine RHD UK
1942 McLaughlin-Buick Special (30109690775).jpg
1942 Special, the last year of the McLaughlin badge

In 1907, the "McLaughlin Motor Car Company" was founded in Ontario by Samuel McLaughlin. [5] The first year saw the sale of 154 McLaughlin cars. [6]

McLaughlin and William C. Durant, respectively the biggest carriage builders in Canada and the United States, contracted for Durant's Buick to supply McLaughlin with power trains for 15 years. McLaughlin fitted the power trains to running gear, bodies, and chassis built by McLaughlin in Canada. The cars were branded McLaughlin until the end of the contract, thereafter branded McLaughlin-Buick between 1923 and 1942.

In 1908, Durant and McLaughlin started General Motors Holding Company after Durant exchanged $500,000 of Buick stock for $500,000 of McLaughlin Motor Co. stock. McLaughlin also exchanged his Buick stock for General Motors stock, and in 1910 was invited to be on the board of General Motors in Detroit.[ citation needed ]

Chevrolet

In 1915, Sam McLaughlin acquired the Chevrolet Car Company of Canada, which built Chevrolets in Oshawa with Chevrolet motors and McLaughlin bodies. [6] In 1918, he merged his company with Chevrolet Canada under the name "General Motors of Canada Limited". [5] McLaughlin was retained as president of the company, [5] before becoming director and vice president of General Motors on the approval of Durant, who was then president of General Motors and owner of the Chevrolet Motor Co. The corporation moved people in 1918 after McLaughlin allied his company with the corporation unknown to Robert McLaughlin. The McLaughlins were given GM stocks for the propriertorship of the Canadian Company and $10,000,000 to build Walkerville and Canadian Products, [7] but not ownership. [8]

Between 1923 and 1942, McLaughlin's cars were branded McLaughlin-Buick . In 1942, when the production of automobiles was suspended for the Second Great War, the last McLaughlin-Buick was built. When production resumed, they were just "Buick". [5] [6]

1980s–present

A Chevrolet Maple Leaf truck built in Oshawa and sold in Canada with minor trim differences to the American trucks Maple Leaf truck.JPG
A Chevrolet Maple Leaf truck built in Oshawa and sold in Canada with minor trim differences to the American trucks

General Motors of Canada opened its new head office building on the shore of Lake Ontario in 1989. The building is a fixture on Highway 401 and usually displays an enormous picture of a new vehicle on its huge glass atrium. This is a rented structure of General Motors Corporation and today is called General Motors. General Motors of Canada built their first offices on Richmond street in Oshawa and had large General Motors of Canada signage from 1919. The McLaughlin plants were there and were resigned by the McLaughlin Family.

GM's Canadian Technical Centre opened in June 2001. It is primarily responsible for managing the design and validation of vehicles that are manufactured in Canada, though it supports many joint development efforts with GM operations in other countries.

The manufacturing plants located in Oshawa produced the Chevrolet from 1915, and today the Camaro and included the Chevrolet Truck Company of Canada 1919. Cadillac and LaSalle were built here too. The Oshawa plants have regularly garnered top quality ratings by J.D. Power. [9] The Oshawa facility was ranked number 1 facility in overall quality in North and South America by J. D. Power.[ citation needed ] The Truck Plant was closed to give industry to Mexico, and reopen old Saturn Plants.[ citation needed ]

General Motors of Canada announced a naming rights deal for the General Motors Centre in Oshawa on October 5, 2006. The centre's main tenants are the Oshawa Generals junior hockey team, who were named for the company in 1937.

On April 27, 2009, GM Canada announced that it would cut over half of its Canadian jobs and close 40% of its Canadian dealerships by 2014 in response to its parent company's dire financial straits. [10] Reducing its franchises in Canada from approximately 709 dealerships to about 470 across the country, after General Motors (US) bankruptcy. The Canadian Government sold its 12% of General Motors stock, purchased in 2009, in early 2015.[ citation needed ]

In 2021, GM announced that it will be converting its CAMI Assembly plant into a large-scale commercial electric vehicle manufacturing plant to build the BrightDrop EV600, beginning in April 2022. [11]

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, GM Canada committed to the Government of Canada the production of 10 million face masks at cost for the Public Health Agency of Canada. Beginning production on May 26, 2020, at its Oshawa facility, GM Canada fulfilled its commitment on April 8, 2021.

2008 Canadian Auto Workers bargaining

General Motors and the Canadian Auto Workers (CAW) union reached a tentative agreement on a new collective bargaining contract on May 15, 2008, a full four months before the existing contract was due to expire. As part of the agreement, GM pledged to maintain production at the Oshawa, Ontario pickup truck plant and made other production commitments.

On June 3, 2008, less than three weeks after ratification of the new contract, GM announced that, due to soaring gasoline prices and plummeting truck sales, it would close four additional truck and SUV plants, including the Oshawa pickup plant. [12]

In response, the CAW organized a blockade of the GM of Canada headquarters in Oshawa. The blockade was ended by an Ontario Superior Court order, after 12 days. Further discussions between GM and the CAW resulted in an agreement to compensate workers at the truck plant and additional product commitments for the Oshawa car assembly plant. [13]

Manufacturing facilities

NameYear commissionedLocation (Coordinates)Description
CAMI Assembly 1989 Ingersoll, Ontario ( 43°01′01″N80°53′15″W / 43.01694°N 80.88750°W / 43.01694; -80.88750 )The plant produced the Chevrolet Equinox until 2022. It also formerly produced the GMC Terrain before production in 2017 [14] was moved to San Luis Potosí Assembly in Mexico. Beginning in April 2022, GM is converting the plant into a large-scale commercial electric vehicle manufacturing plant to build the BrightDrop EV600, as well as the BrightDrop EV410, which will begin production in 2023. [11]
St. Catharines Propulsion Plant 1954Glendale Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario ( 43°8′25″N79°11′10″W / 43.14028°N 79.18611°W / 43.14028; -79.18611 )The plant manufactures the GM Vortec line of engines (V6 and V8 engines), and the GF6 transmission. It is the largest volume producer of engines and transmissions in Canada. [11]
Oshawa Car Assembly 1953 / 2021 43°52′3.3″N78°51′59.0″W / 43.867583°N 78.866389°W / 43.867583; -78.866389 The only GM facility producing solely Chevy Silverado pickups, and the only GM facility producing both light- and heavy-duty models.

Shutting operations on December 19, 2019, the plant reopened on November 10, 2021, when the first Canadian-made Silverado was completed. GM invested C$1.3bn into plant retooling. Prior to reopening, GM said that the site would continue to be used for autonomous vehicle testing and production of vehicle stampings and other sub-assemblies. On November 5, 2020, GM announced plans to reopen the plant in January 2022 to produce the Chevrolet Silverado. Later reopening was pulled forward to 4Q 2021.

Former manufacturing facilities

NameYear commissionedYear decommissionedCoordinatesDescription
St. Catharines Components Plant 19292010 43°09′58″N79°15′41″W / 43.166°N 79.2613°W / 43.166; -79.2613 Produced engine and transmission components and final drive assemblies for powertrains. Plant last occupied by Bayshore Groups.
Scarborough Van Assembly 19741993 43°43′36″N79°17′31″W / 43.7267°N 79.2919°W / 43.7267; -79.2919 Mainly produced the Chevrolet van. The plant was first built in 1952 to produce Frigidaire refrigerators. Plant demolished and now redeveloped into retail use.
Regina Plant 19311941 50°27′27″N104°35′47″W / 50.457592°N 104.596352°W / 50.457592; -104.596352 Still standing. Used to produce munitions in World War II. The plant was closed for seven years during the great depression. Repurposed for other tenants and now subject to demolition by order of the city.
Sainte-Thérèse Assembly 19652004 45°37′42″N73°51′03″W / 45.628369°N 73.850742°W / 45.628369; -73.850742 Produced vehicles under the Chevy and Pontiac marques. The site has been redeveloped as a commercial and residential complex.
Windsor Transmission 19632010 42°18′29″N83°00′04″W / 42.308086°N 83.001033°W / 42.308086; -83.001033 Transmission operations moved to St. Catharines. It made front-wheel-drive, automatic transmissions and transmission components used by other GM facilities.
Oshawa Truck Assembly 19652009 43°51′53″N78°51′47″W / 43.8648°N 78.863°W / 43.8648; -78.863 Produced Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra. Closed due to global high gasoline prices.
Oshawa North Plant19072004 43°54′14″N78°51′27″W / 43.903760°N 78.857638°W / 43.903760; -78.857638 First GM plant in Canada. Operations were moved to the GM Autoplex (Oshawa Car Assembly). Location was used by the Oshawa Truck Assembly until operation were moved to the GM autoplex. Now re-developed for retail use.

Canadian Technical Centre

Oshawa Campus

Canadian Technical Centre in Markham, Ontario GeneralMotorsCanada3.jpg
Canadian Technical Centre in Markham, Ontario

The "Canadian Technical Centre Oshawa Campus" is GM's second largest automotive software engineering and development cluster in North America and third in the world. [11]

Located in Oshawa, Ontario, next to the plant which builds midsize cars, [15] the CTC is where the company conducts much of its engineering and software work. [15] Just 220,000 m2 (55 acres) south of GM's Oshawa Operations is the "CTC McLaughlin Advanced Technology Track", a 1.95 km (1.21 mi) track that "supports the development and integration of software and hardware for advanced vehicle systems" including vehicle in motion embedded controls, advanced driver-assistance systems, infotainment, and advanced technology work. [11]

The CTC in Oshawa opened in 2001 and represented a significant growth in the scope of engineering done in Canada by GM. Previously, the engineering team in Oshawa focused on making improvements to the vehicles currently in production, and the team was less than 50 engineers. After three years of growth and the construction of the CREC building, the organization grew to over 500, and work was focused on designing future products such as the next-generation Chevrolet Equinox, built in Ingersoll, Ontario, as well as supporting the highly rated car and truck plants alongside CREC in Oshawa. In addition, teams within CREC work in the areas of alternative fuels, hybrids, and fuel cell vehicles. In 2008, CREC's focus began changing, and its size reducing, due to contractions in GM's workforce in general, and the rise in the Canadian dollar. Over the past year,[ when? ] the engineering staff has been cut dramatically, several times, [16] in response to the shift in focus from mainstream vehicle development to advanced technology work (ATW). The total reduction reached more than 60% in June 2009, leaving a workforce of about 150 concentrated in various areas of ATW and heavily linked with Canadian government-supported programs such as the Automotive Innovation Network (AIN).

Markham Campus

The "Automotive Software Development Centre" in Markham, Ontario, is GM Canada's expansion of its Oshawa campus. [15] It is located at the former Canadian head office site of American Express. [17]

Announced in 2016 and opened in 2017, [15] the facility is meant to support work done on GM's advanced driver-assistance features, its fully autonomous vehicle program, and infotainment system design. [18]

Models produced in Canada

ModelPlantRefs
Chevrolet Silverado Oshawa Car Assembly
BrightDrop Zevo 600 CAMI Assembly

Models formerly produced in Canada

ModelPlantYear startedYear stoppedRefs
Chevrolet Silverado Oshawa Car Assembly 20062019 [19]
GMC Sierra 20062019
Chevrolet Impala 19992019
Buick Century 19962005
Buick LaCrosse

Buick Allure

20052009
Buick Regal 19881998
Buick Regal 20112017
Buick Special 19571957
Chevrolet Bel Air 19541970
Chevrolet Biscayne 19581975
Chevrolet Brookwood

Chevrolet Kingswood

19691972
Chevrolet Camaro 20102015
Chevrolet Caprice Classic 19711990
Chevrolet Celebrity 19821985
Chevrolet Chevelle 19631977
Chevrolet Corvair 19621962
Chevrolet Equinox 20102017
Chevrolet Impala 19651984
Chevrolet Lumina 19902001
Chevrolet Malibu 19781980
Chevrolet Monte Carlo 19771980
Chevrolet Monte Carlo 19932007
Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 19851988
Pontiac 6000 19821988
Pontiac Grand Prix 20042008
Pontiac Laurentian 19581981
Pontiac GTO 19701973
Pontiac LeMans 19771980
Pontiac Parisienne 19581986
Pontiac Strato Chief 19581969
Buick Skyhawk Sainte-Thérèse Assembly 19751977
Chevrolet Biscayne 19671972
Chevrolet Camaro 19932002
Chevrolet Celebrity 19871990
Chevrolet Impala 19671972
Chevrolet Monza 19751977
Chevrolet Vega 19731974
Oldsmobile Cutlass/Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme 19781987
Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera 19881991
Oldsmobile Starfire 19751977
Pontiac Astre 19731974
Pontiac Bonneville 19831986
Pontiac Firebird 19932002
Pontiac Grand Prix 19781987
Pontiac Sunbird 19761977
Chevrolet Silverado Oshawa Truck Assembly
GMC Sierra
Chevrolet Equinox CAMI Assembly 20042022 [20]
Geo Metro/Chevrolet Metro/Suzuki Swift (Gen 1)/Suzuki Swift (Gen 2) 19892001
Geo Tracker/Chevrolet Tracker/Suzuki Sidekick/Suzuki Vitara 19892004
GMC Terrain 20102017
Pontiac Torrent 20062009
Suzuki XL7 20072009

Models exclusive to Canada

ModelYear startedYear endedInformation
Acadian 19621971Canadian-built Chevy IIs
Asüna 19921995Rebadged imported Isuzu, Suzuki and Daewoo models
Beaumont 19661969Based on Chevrolet Chevelle
Envoy 19591970Rebadged imported British-built Vauxhall and Bedford models
Passport 19881991Rebadged imported Daewoo models. Also distributed Isuzu and Saab products.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">General Motors</span> American multinational automotive company

General Motors Company (GM) is an American multinational automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, United States. The company is most known for owning and manufacturing four automobile brands: Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, and Cadillac. By total sales, it has continuously been the largest automaker in the United States, and was the largest in the world for 77 years before losing the top spot to Toyota in 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chevrolet</span> American automobile division of General Motors

Chevrolet, colloquially referred to as Chevy, is an American automobile division of the manufacturer General Motors (GM).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">McLaughlin Motor Car Company</span> Canadian manufacturer of automobiles

McLaughlin Motor Car Company Limited was a Canadian manufacturer of automobiles headquartered in Oshawa, Ontario. Founded by Robert McLaughlin, it once was the largest carriage manufacturing factory in the British Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oshawa</span> City in Ontario, Canada

Oshawa is a city in Ontario, Canada, on the Lake Ontario shoreline. It lies in Southern Ontario, approximately 60 km (37 mi) east of Downtown Toronto. It is commonly viewed as the eastern anchor of the Greater Toronto Area and of the Golden Horseshoe. It is the largest municipality in the Regional Municipality of Durham. The name Oshawa originates from the Ojibwa term aazhawe, meaning "the crossing place" or just "a cross".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GMC (marque)</span> Utility vehicle brand

GMC is a division of American automotive manufacturer General Motors (GM) for trucks and utility vehicles. GMC currently makes SUVs, pickup trucks, vans, and light-duty trucks. In the past, GMC also produced fire trucks, ambulances, heavy-duty trucks, military vehicles, motorhomes, transit buses, and medium duty trucks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Louis Chevrolet</span> American racing driver (1878–1941)

Louis-Joseph Chevrolet was a Swiss-born American racing driver, mechanic and entrepreneur who co-founded the Chevrolet Motor Car Company in 1911.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William C. Durant</span> American automotive businessman (1861–1947)

William Crapo Durant was a leading pioneer of the United States automobile industry, founder of General Motors and co-founder of Chevrolet. He created a system in which a company held multiple marques – each seemingly independent, with different automobile lines – bound under a unified corporate holding company. Durant founded General Motors and co-founded Chevrolet with Louis Chevrolet. He also founded Frigidaire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Durant Motors</span> Former automobile manufacturer

Durant Motors Inc. was established in 1921 by former General Motors CEO William "Billy" Durant following his termination by the GM board of directors and the New York bankers who financed GM.

Arlington Assembly is a General Motors automobile factory located in Arlington, Texas. The plant has operated for more than 60 years and today manufactures large SUVs from GM's divisions Chevrolet, GMC and Cadillac.

Flint Assembly is an automobile factory operated by General Motors in Flint, Michigan. It is the city's only vehicle assembly plant after the closure of Buick City. Flint Truck Assembly is also GM's oldest, still operating assembly plant in North America. As of 2022, the Flint factory currently produces full-size pickup trucks. Engine block and cylinder heads were cast at Saginaw Metal Casting Operations, internal engine components were created at Bay City Powertrain and Grand Rapids Operations, and the engines were then assembled at Tonawanda Engine and Romulus Engine. For most of the 20th century Flint Assembly was the home factory for all Chevrolet vehicles.

Oshawa Truck Assembly was a General Motors Canada automotive factory in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. It opened in its original location in downtown Oshawa in 1918 in order to build ambulances for World War I and Chevrolet vehicles before it merged with GM.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toledo Transmission</span> General Motors factory in Ohio, US

Toledo Propulsion Systems is a 2.8 million square feet; 151 acres General Motors transmission factory in Toledo, Ohio.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oshawa Car Assembly</span> Vehicle manufacturing facility in Oshawa, Ontario

Oshawa Assembly is a manufacturing facility in the city of Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, that built various automobiles for General Motors Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Automotive industry in Flint, Michigan</span>

Flint, Michigan is a city which previously relied on its automotive industry, and still does to an extent. Over the past several decades, General Motors plants in Genesee County have experienced re-namings, management shifts, openings, closures, reopenings, and spinoffs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of General Motors</span>

The history of General Motors (GM), one of the world's largest car and truck manufacturers, dates back more than a century and involves a vast scope of industrial activity around the world, mostly focused on motorized transportation and the engineering and manufacturing that make it possible. Founded in 1908 as a holding company in Flint, Michigan, as of 2012 it employed approximately 209,000 people around the world. With global headquarters at the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan, United States, General Motors manufactures cars and trucks in 35 countries. In 2008, 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands. Current auto brands are Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Baojun, and Wuling. Former GM automotive brands include LaSalle, McLaughlin, Oakland, Oldsmobile, Opel, Pontiac, Hummer, Saab, Saturn, Vauxhall, Daewoo, and Holden.

Scarborough Van Assembly was a vehicle manufacturing plant owned by General Motors Canada in Scarborough, Ontario, Canada, which opened in 1952 to build Frigidaire refrigerators. Vehicle production began in 1974. It was located in Golden Mile, between Victoria Park Avenue and Warden Avenue. The plant employed 2,800 workers before closing in 1993. The site is now a retail shopping mall, known as Eglinton Town Centre.

Orion Assembly is a 4,300,000 sq ft (400,000 m2) General Motors vehicle assembly plant located in Orion Township, Michigan. From late 2025, the plant is slated to assemble battery electric pickup trucks such as the Chevrolet Silverado EV and the GMC Sierra EV. As of September 2019, the plant has approximately 1,032 salaried and hourly employees. It assumed operations of Buick City, and Pontiac Assembly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Durant-Dort Carriage Company</span> Manufacturer of horse-drawn vehicles

Durant-Dort Carriage Company was a manufacturer of horse-drawn vehicles in Flint, Michigan. Founded in 1886, by 1900 it was the largest carriage manufacturer in the country.

Flint Wagon Works of Flint, Michigan, manufactured wagons from the early 1880s. One of the world's most successful horse-drawn vehicle makers they formed with their Flint neighbours a core of the American automobile industry. In 1905 Flint was promoting itself as Flint the Vehicle City. The former site is now located in the neighborhood of Flint known as "Carriagetown".

References

  1. ↑ "Our Company | Operations | General Motors of Canada". media.gm.com. Retrieved 2019-09-10.
  2. ↑ Industry Canada (2009-03-30). "The Governments of Canada and Ontario Reject Automakers' Restructuring Plans". Archived from the original on October 6, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-26.
  3. ↑ "GM to close Oshawa plant, leaving 2,800 people out of work: Report".
  4. ↑ The Top 200 - Canada's Largest Companies c. 1973–74 – Business Archived February 23, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  5. 1 2 3 4 "McLaughlin Motor Car Co., forerunner to GM Canada, is formed". Automotive News. 2017-11-21. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  6. 1 2 3 "McLaughlin Buick Club of Canada". www.mclaughlin-buickclub.ca. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  7. ↑ "History of GM Canada". Gm.ca. Archived from the original on 2008-04-12. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
  8. ↑ Financial Post, September 23, 1933, p. 9
  9. ↑ "J.D. Power and Associates". Jdpower.com. 2010-11-29. Archived from the original on 2010-01-17. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
  10. ↑ "GM to drop Pontiac in 2010, cut thousands more jobs". CBC News. April 27, 2009.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 "GM Canada Fact Sheet." GM Canada. 2021 November 10. Retrieved 2021/12/27.
  12. ↑ "GM Media Online". media.gm.com. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008.
  13. ↑ Greg Keenan (July 28, 2008). "GM-CAW deal adds models to production line". ReportonBusiness.com. Theglobeandmail.com. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
  14. ↑ "2018 GMC Terrain Production Will Move To Mexico". GM Authority. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
  15. 1 2 3 4 "Canadian Technical Centre". media.gm.com. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  16. ↑ GM slashes Oshawa engineering staff by 20% - thestar.com
  17. ↑ "GM Canada launches Canadian Technical Centre in Markham". Electronic Products & Technology. 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
  18. ↑ "GM launches a new dedicated tech center in Canada". TechCrunch. 22 January 2018. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  19. ↑ "Oshawa Assembly Plant - About This Plant". plants.gm.com. Retrieved 2019-08-31.
  20. ↑ "CAMI Assembly Plant - News". plants.gm.com. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.