Allison Transmission

Last updated
Allison Transmission Holdings Inc.
Company type Public
Founded14 September 1915;108 years ago (1915-09-14)
Founder James A. Allison
Headquarters
Indianapolis, Indiana
,
United States
Key people
David S. Graziosi (chairman & CEO)
RevenueIncrease2.svg US$2.40 billion (2021)
Increase2.svgUS$669 million (2021)
Increase2.svgUS$442 million (2021)
Total assets Decrease2.svgUS$4.46 billion (2021)
Total equity Decrease2.svgUS$634 million (2021)
Number of employees
c. 3,400 (December 2021)
Website allisontransmission.com
Footnotes /references
[1]

Allison Transmission Holdings Inc. is an American manufacturer of commercial duty automatic transmissions and hybrid propulsion systems. Allison products are specified by over 250 vehicle manufacturers and are used in many market sectors, including bus, refuse, fire, construction, distribution, military, and specialty applications.

Contents

With headquarters in Indianapolis, Indiana, Allison Transmission has a presence in more than 150 countries and manufacturing facilities in Indianapolis, Chennai, India, and Szentgotthárd, Hungary. [2]

History

Racing team

Allison began in 1909 when James A. Allison, along with three business partners, helped fund and build the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. In 1911, Allison's new track held the first Indianapolis 500 mile race. In addition to funding several race teams, James Allison founded the Speedway Racing Team Company on September 14, 1915 [3] and quickly gained a reputation for his work on race cars and automotive technology in general. [4] Allison built a shop near the track and changed the team's name to the Allison Experimental Company; the shop later became Plant No. 1. [3]

Wartime aviation

When World War I began, Allison suspended racing, and the Allison Experimental Company began machining parts, tools, and masters for the Liberty airplane engine — the main power plant used in the US war effort. After the war, Allison entered a car in the 1919 Indy 500 and won. It was the last race Allison's team ever entered as he turned his company's attention to aviation engineering, renaming it to Allison Engineering Company; the aviation-focused company developed steel-backed bronze sleeve bearings for the crankshaft and connecting rods, and high-speed reduction gearing to turn propellers and Roots-type blowers. [3] The company's reputation and expertise in aviation was the major factor in General Motors decision to buy the company following James Allison's death in 1928. [5] [6]

Allison V-1710 Allison V-1710-7 V-12 Engine NASM.jpg
Allison V-1710

Shortly after the sale to General Motors on April 1, 1929, Allison engineers began work on a 12-cylinder engine to replace the aging Liberty engines. The result was the V1710 12-cylinder aircraft engine and it made the company, renamed to the Allison Division of GM in 1934, [3] also known as the Allison Engine Company, a major force in aviation. [7] Plant 3 was built in 1939, a 360,000 sq ft (33,000 m2) factory to build V1710 engines. Due to demand during World War II, Allison would add a second factory (Plant 5) and 23,000 new employees; by the end of the war, Allison had built 70,000 V1710 engines. [3]

Early transmission development

Alongside the development and production of the V1710, engineers at GM began designing the CD-850 cross-drive steering transmission for tracked military vehicles in 1941; the design was completed in 1944 and Allison was awarded the contract to manufacture the prototypes. In February 1945, General Motors formed the Allison Transmission Engineering Section, dividing the subsidiary into Aircraft Operations and Transmission Operations in 1946. [3] The CD-850 combined range change, steering and braking. [8] [9] Allison stopped producing the CD-850 in 1986, but a licensed version was produced in Spain for more than a decade afterward. [3]

General Motors began developing automatic transmissions with a hydraulic torque converter in the 1930s under its Product Study Group, offering it as an option for Oldsmobile for the first time in 1940. [3] After World War II, Allison Transmission turned its attention to civilian transportation. Allison designed, developed and manufactured the first-ever automatic transmissions for heavy-duty vehicles including delivery trucks, city buses, and railcars, starting from 1948. [8] [9] In addition, Allison marketed transmissions for off-highway heavy-duty vehicles under the brand Powershift TORQMATIC, with the first TG series transmissions being produced in July 1948. [10]

The Allison 850-series torque converter was a crucial component in the post-war development of self-propelled railcars, most notably the Budd Rail Diesel Car, which first went into service in 1950. [11] Pairing with a GM Series 110 "pancake" diesel engine mounted under the railcar floor enabled the entire power system to be kept outside the car body, making the full length of the car available for revenue. The torque converter enabled unprecedented rates of acceleration before locking into direct drive. [12]

V-Drive

At approximately the same time the CD-850 was going into production, GMC Truck and Coach Division requested that GM develop a V-Drive transmission with a torque converter in 1945 for transit bus use, replacing the Spicer manual transmission then offered. [3] These buses had rear-mounted engines and to maximize passenger space, the engine compartment was minimized; the V-Drive transmission was named for the 63° angle of intersection between the transmission shaft input (from the engine) and output (to the rear axle). [3] Development of the V-Drive transmission was led by Bob Schaefer, an emigrant from Germany who had joined GM in 1942 after helping to lead the Twin Disc Company, which was one of the licensees of the Ljungstroms hydraulic torque converter. Schaefer was reassigned from the Detroit Transmission Division to Allison in 1946. [3]

Detroit Diesel 6V71 with Allison V-Drive transmission in an AC Transit GM New Look bus AC Transit 323, GM New Look (21258372585).jpg
Detroit Diesel 6V71 with Allison V-Drive transmission in an AC Transit GM New Look bus

The first production V-Drive transmissions were delivered in October 1947, with the first major contract being for 900 buses in 1948, for New York City. [3] The VS-2 was introduced in 1955, which added a two-speed input splitter; a version with both hydraulic and direct clutches was introduced in 1958 (VH), and production of the original V-Drive transmissions was concluded in July 1976, with 65,389 produced. [3]

Commercial transmissions

In addition to the transit bus market, Allison began developing automatic transmissions for commercial trucks in 1953. This effort resulted in the MT-25, which designated the intended application ("M"edium "T"rucks) and maximum input power, 250 hp (190 kW). The MT-25 was a 6-speed automatic, using a two-speed high/low splitter and three-speed double planetary gear train. The splitter was equipped with a hydraulic retarder. [3] Because of the additional cost of the automatic transmission, sales were initially slow until Allison began targeting specific markets that required both on- and off-road driving as well as frequent stops and starts, such as concrete mixing and garbage trucks in the early 1960s. [3] The MT-25 was fitted first as an option branded Powermatic by Powermatic, [13] [14] exclusive to that brand for the first year, but was soon offered by other truck manufacturers including Ford (1957), Reo (1958), Dodge (1958), Diamond T (1959), White (1961), and International Harvester (1961); production of the MT-25 continued into the early 1970s. [3]

The MT-25 was supplemented in September 1970 by a second-generation lighter-duty automatic transmission, the four-speed AT-540, [15] which Allison developed jointly with Hydramatic Division in the late 1960s; the AT-540 was targeted specifically for on-highway use and shared similarities with automobile transmissions to reduce the cost penalty to equip on-highway trucks with automatic transmissions. [3] Later, the MT-25 itself was replaced by the MT-640 and a heavier-duty version, the HT-740, was introduced; the new MT and HT were both derived from the AT-540. As an option, the MT-6nn and HT-7nn series transmissions could be equipped with a lower fifth gear for severe off-road conditions. [3] In 1970, GM combined the Allison and Detroit Diesel divisions as the Detroit Diesel Allison Division of GM. [3]

The 500-series transmissions (AT-540, etc.) were rated to accept input power of up to 235 hp (175 kW) and were intended for vehicles up to 30,000 lb (14,000 kg) gross vehicle weight (GVW). The medium-duty 600-series had increased ratings to 300 hp (220 kW) and 73,280 lb (33,240 kg) GVW, while the heavy-duty 700-series were rated to 445 hp (332 kW) and 80,000 lb (36,000 kg) GVW. [3] In 1976, a 700-series V-Drive transmission was introduced for buses, the V730. [3] The AT/MT/HT were still being produced in 1998. [3]

Allison also produced off-highway transmissions in the 1960s, starting with the "Dual Path Powershift" DP 8000 series. [16] The first electronic controls were fitted to the off-highway DP 8000 series transmission in 1971. [17] Electronic controls (branded the Allison Transmission Electronic Control or ATEC system) were added to the MT/HT/V730 in 1983, improving fuel economy by more precisely controlling shifts. [3]

World Transmission

Cutaway view of 3rd-gen (WT) MD3060 Allison MD 3060.jpg
Cutaway view of 3rd-gen (WT) MD3060

The third-generation six-speed World Transmission (WT) was introduced in 1991, replacing the second-generation AT/MT/HT/V730 lines. Development of the WT had begun in the mid-1980s, prior to the sale of Detroit Diesel to Roger Penske in 1987. The WT used the WT electronic control (WTEC) system to control the internal clutches during shifting, equipped with a control unit that adapts to variations during use. [3] The WT line was split into MD (medium duty), HD (heavy duty, introduced in 1993), [18] and B (T-drive buses) lines; [3] the MD and HD lines were later renamed to the 3000 and 4000 Series, respectively.

As of 1998 in the United States, Allison had built 92% of the transmissions in school buses; 75% of transit bus transmissions, 65% of heavy-duty garbage truck transmissions, and 32% of all medium-duty truck transmissions. [3]

Allison followed the WT (3000 and 4000 Series) line with the 1000 and 2000 Series starting in 1999. [3] The 1000 Series transmission incorporated many features from the WT line for light-duty trucks, including the electronic control system, and was initially available as an option with the 6.6L GM/Isuzu Duramax diesel engine and the 8.1L Vortec gasoline engine for the trucks based on the GMT800 platform. [19] [20]

In 2007, GM sold Allison Transmission to private equity firms Carlyle Group and Onex Corporation for US$5.6 billion. [21]

Timeline

1940s

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

Products

Allison Transmission products
Allison EP50 transmission.jpg
Hybrid H 50 drive unit
Allison 4000 6-speed transmission.jpg
Cutaway Series 4000 (6-sp)

Allison markets its transmissions by vocational series according to the intended use; for example, the Tractor Series is sold for and installed in Class 8 tractors, while the Motorhome Series is marketed to manufacturers of recreational vehicles. [37] A transmission is given a designation specific to the vocational series, but is otherwise identical mechanically to other transmissions sold for other vocational series; for example, the Bus Series B210 / B220 / B295 transmissions are also sold with identical gearing as:

Collectively, these are grouped into the 1000/2000 Series transmission family; transmissions within a family share the same basic dimensions, power input capabilities, and weight. Allison transmission families include the 1000/2000 Series, 3000 Series, 4000 Series, 5000 Series, 6000 Series, 8000 Series, 9000 Series, and Tractor Series. [37] Each transmission family is given a generational designation based on the electronic control system; parts generally are not interchangeable between generations within a specific family: [38]

Allison Transmission vocational series and family availability overview [37]
Vocational series
(model designation)		Transmission family
1000 2000300040005000600080009000TC10
Highway
(nnnn HS)		Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
Motorhome
(nnnn MH)		Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
Bus
(B nnn)		Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
Emergency Vehicle
(nnnn EVS)		Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
Rugged Duty
(nnnn RDS)		Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
Pupil Transport/ Shuttle
(nnnn PTS)		Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
Truck RV
(nnnn TRV)		Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
Specialty
(nnnn SP)		Yes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
Oil Field
(nnnn OFS)		Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svg
Off Road
(nnnn ORS)		Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svg
Tractor
(TC10 TS nnnn)		Dark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svg

Hybrid bus series

First generation
Combined hybrid vehicle structure Hybridcombined.svg
Combined hybrid vehicle structure

GM-Allison introduced hybrid vehicle technology for transit buses in 2003. Allison hybrid transit bus products were initially branded as the Allison Electric Drives EP System, [39] which included the following components:

Allison characterizes the system as the "Two-Mode Compound Split Parallel Hybrid Architecture". [40] : 4  As installed in buses, the EP System has two operating modes or speed ranges, with the changeover generally occurring between 15 and 25 mph (24 and 40 km/h). [40] : 14  Under full-throttle, the vehicle's initial launch in the low-speed mode is boosted by the output motor. As vehicle speed increases, the input motor begins to dominate, [40] : 18  resulting in nearly total mechanical output only. [39] Through 2011, GM intended to introduce 16 passenger car and truck hybrid models based on the Allison split-mode system. [41] The primary benefit of the Allison hybrid system is in recapturing kinetic energy during regenerative braking and storing it as electrical energy, which can later be converted back to kinetic energy through an output motor, which assists in accelerating the vehicle, reducing demand on the engine and consequently fuel consumption. [40] : 12  Fuel economy is improved by up to 60%, and acceleration can also be improved compared to a conventional bus. [39]

To the operator, the hybrid system is automatic and requires no special training. [39] Under normal in-motion operation, engine speed is controlled by the TCM, which commands a torque and speed point based on the needs of the hybrid system. During startup and shutdown, the TCM commands only a speed requirement. [40] : 11 

Stick diagram of Allison E Drive Unit Dual-mode transmission (Allison).svg
Stick diagram of Allison E Drive Unit

The EV Drive Unit is installed in lieu of a conventional transmission and acts as a continuously variable transmission controlled electronically; [39] it integrates two motor-generators (MG-A and MG-B, on the input and output, respectively), three planetary gear sets (P1, P2, and P3), one rotating clutch (C2), and one stationary clutch (C1). [40] : 7, 17  From the engine, power is transferred to the input shaft through a torque damper instead of the conventional torque converter found in an automatic transmission. The input shaft is coupled to the main shaft and MG-A through the first planetary gearset (P1), and MG-A is coupled to MG-B through another planetary gearset (P2). MG-B is coupled to the output shaft through a third planetary gearset (P3) and the stationary (C1) and rotating (C2) clutches. [40] : 17  Both motors are three-phase AC induction motors and automatically switch from motoring to generation when the mechanical rotation frequency exceeds the stator field frequency. [40] : 13, 15 

There are two drive units available (EP40 or H 40 EP; and EP50 or H 50 EP). The H40 is intended for regular transit bus use, while the H50 is for articulated and suburban coaches, similar in size and application to the B400 and B500 Bus Series transmissions, respectively. The H40 has a continuous input capacity of 280 hp (210 kW) and 910 lb⋅ft (1,230 N⋅m) of torque, while the respective H50 input limits are 330 hp (250 kW) and 1,050 lb⋅ft (1,420 N⋅m). [37]

The DPIM includes an inverter for each motor; the continuous and peak output are 160 and 300 kW, respectively. [40] : 19  The ESS uses nickel-metal hydride batteries, air-cooled using internal fans, and weighs approximately 915 lb (415 kg). [40] : 22  The ESS is made of three sub-strings wired in parallel with a storage capacity of 450 A and 624 VDC. Each sub-string uses two 312 V sub-packs in series, which are made of 40 7.8-volt modules. Six battery control information modules (BCIM) monitor temperature, one in each sub-pack. [40] : 23  The DPIM and ESS have been improved since the initial introduction, and newer models generally can replace earlier units. [42] [43] In addition, newer installations include a DC-DC converter, a solid-state device that converts the high-voltage traction motor energy to 12/24V accessory power. [42]

As of 2008, there are more than 2,700 GM-Allison hybrid buses operating in 81 cities in the U.S., Canada and Europe. [41] This includes:

Second generation

Allison introduced its second-generation eGen Flex diesel-electric hybrid drive unit in 2022, partnering with Gillig; the first units will be delivered to IndyGo, serving Indianapolis. [44] eGen Flex is available as multiple models, designated eGen Flex 40, 40 CertPlus, 40 Max, or 40 Max CertPlus (equivalent to the H 40 in physical size, input, and output capabilities); or the eGen Flex 50, 50 CertPlus, 50 Max, or 50 Max CertPlus (equivalent to the H 50). The "Max" models are capable of operating on electric power alone for up to 10 mi (16 km), depending on the axle ratio and duty cycle. [45]

Electric axles

In 2020, Allison introduced a line of motor-integrated electric axles, branded eGen Power. The first model, 100D, was designated for its gross axle weight rating (GAWR) of 10.4 t (23,000 lb) and (D)ual electric motors; 100D has a continuous and peak power output of 424 and 648 kW (569 and 869 hp), respectively, with a maximum torque of 46,800 N⋅m (34,500 lbf⋅ft). [46] In 2021, Allison expanded the range with the 100S (a single-motor variant of the 100D, with continuous and peak power output of 212 and 324 kW (284 and 434 hp), respectively and a maximum 23,500 N⋅m (17,300 lbf⋅ft) of torque) and the 130D (a variant of the 100D with a higher 13 t (29,000 lb) GAWR for the European and Asia Pacific markets). [47]

The Allison eGen Power integrated axle also includes a multi-speed gearbox to optimize both launch and cruising speeds; it was designed to be a drop-in replacement for existing axles for medium- and heavy-duty trucks and buses, allowing more flexibility in battery placement. [48]

Current products (Gen 5)

Allison Transmission models (Gen 5) [37]
SeriesModelsGear Ratios [lower-alpha 1] Input capacityDry weight [lower-alpha 2]
12345678910R1R2PowerTorque
1000 1000, 1350, 2100, 2200, 2350, B210, B220, B2953.101.811.411.000.710.61 [lower-alpha 3] ————4.49—230–340 hp (170–250 kW)520–660 lb⋅ft (710–890 N⋅m) [lower-alpha 4] 146.5 kg (323 lb)
200023003.101.811.411.000.710.61 [lower-alpha 3] ————4.49—340–365 hp (254–272 kW)510–660 lb⋅ft (690–890 N⋅m) [lower-alpha 4] 146.5 kg (323 lb)
2500, 25503.511.901.441.000.740.64 [lower-alpha 3] ————5.09—340 hp (250 kW)575–660 lb⋅ft (780–895 N⋅m) [lower-alpha 4] 146.5 kg (323 lb)
30003000 / B300 / B4003.491.861.411.000.750.65————5.03—280–450 hp (210–340 kW)735–1,250 lb⋅ft (997–1,695 N⋅m) [lower-alpha 4] 243 kg (536 lb)
32003.491.861.411.000.750.65————5.03—450 hp (340 kW)1,200–1,250 lb⋅ft (1,630–1,690 N⋅m) [lower-alpha 4] 243 kg (536 lb)
B3400 xFE3.492.031.471.000.690.59————3.80—300 hp (220 kW)925 lb⋅ft (1,254 N⋅m) [lower-alpha 4] 243 kg (536 lb)
35004.592.251.541.000.750.65————5.00—330 hp (250 kW)985 lb⋅ft (1,335 N⋅m)243 kg (536 lb)
37006.934.182.241.691.200.900.78———6.03—330 hp (250 kW)875 lb⋅ft (1,186 N⋅m)530 kg (1,170 lb)
40004000 / 4200 / B5003.511.911.431.000.740.64————4.80—420–650 hp (310–480 kW)1,300–1,950 lb⋅ft (1,760–2,640 N⋅m) [lower-alpha 4] 377 kg (831 lb)
4430 / 4500 / 46004.702.211.531.000.760.67————5.55—500–565 hp (373–421 kW)1,550–1,850 lb⋅ft (2,100–2,510 N⋅m) [lower-alpha 4] 377 kg (831 lb)
4700 / 47507.633.511.911.431.000.740.64———4.8017.12565–600 hp (421–447 kW)1,770–1,850 lb⋅ft (2,400–2,510 N⋅m)493 kg (1,087 lb)
4800 / 48507.633.511.911.431.000.740.64———4.8017.12700–770 hp (520–570 kW)1,950 lb⋅ft (2,640 N⋅m)493 kg (1,087 lb)
500056204.002.682.011.351.000.67————5.153.46500–750 hp (370–560 kW)1,650–2,500 lb⋅ft (2,240–3,390 N⋅m)998 kg (2,200 lb)
600066204.002.682.011.351.000.67————5.153.46700–1,025 hp (522–764 kW)2,000–3,300 lb⋅ft (2,700–4,500 N⋅m)1,025 kg (2,260 lb)
66254.002.682.011.351.000.67————5.153.46700–1,025 hp (522–764 kW)2,000–3,300 lb⋅ft (2,700–4,500 N⋅m)1,025 kg (2,260 lb)
66304.002.682.011.351.000.67————5.153.46760 hp (570 kW)2,500 lb⋅ft (3,400 N⋅m)1,025 kg (2,260 lb)
800086104.242.321.691.311.000.73————5.75—850–1,050 hp (630–780 kW)3,200–3,600 lb⋅ft (4,300–4,900 N⋅m)1,678 kg (3,699 lb)
900096104.243.052.321.671.000.23————5.754.131,350 hp (1,010 kW)4,000 lb⋅ft (5,400 N⋅m)1,678 kg (3,699 lb)
98173.752.692.201.771.581.271.000.72————1,750 hp (1,300 kW)5,250 lb⋅ft (7,120 N⋅m)1,637 kg (3,609 lb)
98233.752.692.201.771.581.271.000.72————2,350 hp (1,750 kW)6,300 lb⋅ft (8,500 N⋅m)1,637 kg (3,609 lb)
98263.752.692.201.771.581.271.000.72————2,600 hp (1,900 kW)7,750 lb⋅ft (10,510 N⋅m)1,683 kg (3,710 lb)
98323.752.692.201.771.581.271.000.72————3,200 hp (2,400 kW)9,000 lb⋅ft (12,000 N⋅m)1,687 kg (3,719 lb)
TC10 TS1700-807.405.444.253.432.942.161.591.241.000.860.711.96600 hp (450 kW)1,700 N⋅m (1,300 lbf⋅ft)487 kg (1,074 lb)
1750-901,750 N⋅m (1,290 lbf⋅ft)
1850-901,850 N⋅m (1,360 lbf⋅ft)
1850-110
Notes
  1. ↑ Torque converter multiplication not included
  2. ↑ Basic model without PTO or retarder unless otherwise specified
  3. 1 2 3 Optional
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Larger value is with Shift Energy Management torque limiting option

Discontinued

Off-highway

The model designations for off-highway transmissions marketed under the Powershift TORQMATIC brand were in the format AAAA 1234, where:

AAAA
prefix		1
Series		2
Capacity		3
Basic speed range		4
Version
    • CT - Converter Transmission
    • CLT - Converter Lockup Transmission
    • CLBT - Converter Lockup Transmission with Torqumatic Brake (hydraulic retarder)
    • VCLBT - Variable capacity Converter Lockup Transmission with Torqumatic Brake (hydraulic retarder)
    • CRT - Converter Reversing Transmission (equal number of forward and reverse speeds)
    • DP - Dual Path
    • TG - Torqmatic transmission, requires external torque converter
    • TT - Twin Turbine converter transmission
    • TRT - Twin Turbine converter reversing transmission (equal number of forward and reverse speeds)
    • 1 - 1000 series (TT, TRT)
    • 2 - 2000 series (TT, TRT, TTB)
    • 3 - 3000 series (CLT, CRT, CLBT)
    • 4 - 4000 series (CLT, CRT, CLBT, TT, TRT)
    • 5 - 5000 series (CRT, CLBT)
    • 6 - 6000 series (CLBT)
    • 8 - 8000 series (DP)

Series indicates relative size and weight, with higher numbers assigned to larger transmissions.

Maximum input torque (×100) in lbf·ftNumber of forward speedsMajor design revision

For example, the TT 2220 was a twin-turbine 2000 series automatic transmission with two forward speeds and a maximum input torque capacity of 250 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m). [49] [50]

On-highway

  • First Generation
    • Allison V transmission—VH, VH2, VH4, VH5, VH6, VH7, VH9, VS1, VS2-6, VS2-8
    • Allison MT transmission—MT25, MT30, MT31, MT40, MT41, MT42 [49] [51]
    • Allison HT transmission—HT70 [49]
  • Second Generation
    • Allison M and MH marine reverse and reduction gear
    • Allison AT transmission—AT540, AT542, AT543, AT545 (4 speeds)
    • Allison MT transmission—MT640, MT643, MT644, MT647, MT648, MT650, MT653DR, MT654CR, MTB643, MTB644, MTB647, MTB648, MTB653DR, MTB654CR
    • Allison HT transmission—HT740D, HT740RS, HT741, HT746, HT747, HT748, HTB748, HT750CRD, HT750DRD, HT754CRD, HT755CRD, HT755DRD, HTB755CRD, HTB755DRD
    • Allison V transmission—V730, V731, VR731, VR731RH
  • Third Generation
    • Allison World Transmission (MD and HD)—MD3060, MD3060P, MD3560, MD3560P, MD3066, MD3066P, HD4060, HD4060P, HD4560, HD4560P

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Global Hybrid Cooperation, formerly Advanced Hybrid System 2 (AHS2), is a set of hybrid vehicle technologies jointly developed by General Motors, Daimler, and Chrysler LLC, with BMW joining in 2005. It uses 2 or 3 planetary gearsets in an automatic transmission: one on the internal combustion engine (ICE) side paired with a second, forming the compound split, and possibly one third additional planetary gearset to multiply the number of fixed gear ratios. General Motors has stopped using the "AHS2" name as of 2006, preferring to call it simply a two-mode hybrid system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydramatic</span> Automatic transmission

Hydramatic is an automatic transmission developed by both General Motors' Cadillac and Oldsmobile divisions. Introduced in 1939 for the 1940 model year vehicles, the Hydramatic was the first mass-produced fully-automatic transmission developed for passenger automobile use.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TorqueFlite</span> Automatic transmission made by Chrysler

TorqueFlite is the trademarked name of Chrysler Corporation's automatic transmissions, starting with the three-speed unit introduced late in the 1956 model year as a successor to Chrysler's two-speed PowerFlite. In the 1990s, the TorqueFlite name was dropped in favor of alphanumeric designations, although the latest Chrysler eight-speed automatic transmission has revived the name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cummins B Series engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Cummins B Series is a family of diesel engines produced by American manufacturer Cummins. In production since 1984, the B series engine family is intended for multiple applications on and off-highway, light-duty, and medium-duty. In the automotive industry, it is best known for its use in school buses, public service buses in the United Kingdom, and Dodge/Ram pickup trucks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ford Super Duty</span> Heavy-duty line of trucks manufactured by Ford

The Ford Super Duty is a series of heavy-duty pickup trucks produced by the Ford Motor Company since the 1999 model year. Slotted above the consumer-oriented Ford F-150, the Super Duty trucks are an expansion of the Ford F-Series range, from F-250 to the F-600. The F-250 through F-450 are offered as pickup trucks, while the F-350 through F-600 are offered as chassis cabs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GM New Look bus</span> American public transit bus

The GM New Look bus is a municipal transit bus that was introduced in 1959 by the Truck and Coach Division of General Motors to replace the company's previous coach, retroactively known as the GM "old-look" transit bus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Automatic transmission fluid</span> Hydraulic fluid used in vehicles with automatic transmissions

Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) is a hydraulic fluid that is essential for the proper functioning of vehicles equipped with automatic transmissions. Usually, it is coloured red or green to differentiate it from motor oil and other fluids in the vehicle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star</span> Motor vehicle

The Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star (kana:三菱ふそう・エアロスター) is a heavy-duty single-decker bus produced by the Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi Fuso. The range was available as either a public bus or a coach. Its principal competitors are the Isuzu Erga, the Nissan Diesel Space Runner RA and the Hino Blue Ribbon.

Hybrid vehicle drivetrains transmit power to the driving wheels for hybrid vehicles. A hybrid vehicle has multiple forms of motive power, and can come in many configurations. For example, a hybrid may receive its energy by burning gasoline, but switch between an electric motor and a combustion engine.

Vehicles made by American Motors Corporation (AMC) and Jeep incorporated a variety of transmissions and transfer case systems. This article covers transmissions used in the following vehicle models and years:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GM "old-look" transit bus</span> GM bus manufactured from 1940 to 1969

The GM "old-look" transit bus was a transit bus that was introduced in 1940 by Yellow Coach beginning with the production of the model TG-3201 bus. Yellow Coach was an early bus builder that was partially owned by General Motors (GM) before being purchased outright in 1943 and folded into the GM Truck Division to form the GM Truck & Coach Division. The Yellow Coach badge gave way to the GM nameplate in 1944. Production of most "old-look" models was stopped upon the release of the GM New-Look bus in 1959, however some smaller "old-look" models continued to be built until 1969. Approximately 38,000 "old-look" buses were built during the 29-year production run. The "old-look" name is an unofficial retronym applied to this series of GM buses after the release of the GM New-Look series.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cross-drive steering transmission</span>

A cross-drive steering transmission is a transmission, used in tracked vehicles to allow precise and energy-efficient steering.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fuso Trucks America</span> American regional subsidiary of Mitsubishi Fuso

Mitsubishi Fuso Truck of America, Inc. (MFTA) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation (MFTBC), Kawasaki, Japan, itself a part of Daimler Truck based in Logan Township, New Jersey, United States. MFTA imported and marketed Class 3 through Class 5 medium-duty cabover trucks through more than 200 dealer locations in the United States and Canada, until 2021. As of 2019, MFTA imported and marketed diesel-powered, gas-powered, and electric trucks. According to the company, more than 100,000 Mitsubishi Fuso standard, 4-wheel-drive and crew cab trucks had been sold in the Canadian and U.S. markets since the company's founding. Applications included beverage, catering, refrigerated and dry cargo delivery, vehicle recovery, towing, pest control, plumbing, light construction and landscaping, overlanding, among others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GM Whirlfire engine</span> Free-turbine turboshaft engine

The GMWhirlfire gas turbine engines were developed in the 1950s by the research division of General Motors Corporation and fitted to concept vehicles, including the Firebird concept cars, Turbo-Cruiser buses, and Turbo-Titan trucks through the 1960s. They are free-turbine turboshaft machines with two spools: one compressor/gasifier turboshaft and one power/output turboshaft sharing a common axis without a mechanical coupling between them. Fuel consumption of the first-generation GT-300 was high compared to piston engines, so thermal wheel regenerators were added to the second-generation GT-304, cutting consumption by approximately 1⁄2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chevrolet Silverado (first generation)</span> GMT800 trucks by General Motors

The first generation of the Chevrolet Silverado is a series of trucks manufactured by General Motors from 1998 until 2007 under the Chevrolet brand and also as the GMC Sierra. Built on the new GMT800 platform, the Silverado/Sierra 1500 and 2500 pickup trucks were first released in August 1998 as 1999 models. The "classic" light-duty GMT400 C/K trucks were kept in production alongside the new types for the first model year, while the heavy-duty GMT400 pickups were continued until 2000, with the new GMT800 Silverado/Sierra HD released in model year 2001. A 3500 model was added later for 2001, with the introduction of the HD moniker. A refresh for 2003 models was introduced in 2002, bringing slight design changes and an upgrade to the audio and HVAC controls. The 2007 GMT800 trucks, built after the new GMT900 had gone on sale, used the name Classic to denote the difference between the two generations.

References

  1. ↑ "Allison Transmission Inc. 2021 Annual Report (Form 10-K)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 17 February 2022.
  2. ↑ Allison Transmission Company Overview
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Harmon, K. B. (1998). The History of Allison Automatic Transmissions For On-Highway Trucks and Buses. International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exposition. doi:10.4271/982791. ISSN   0148-7191. JSTOR   44668196.
  4. ↑ "Allison Transmission History". Archived from the original on 2010-10-25.
  5. ↑ "Allison Transmission History 1910-1919". Archived from the original on 2009-10-15.
  6. ↑ "Allison Transmission History 1920-1929". Archived from the original on 2009-10-15.
  7. ↑ "Allison Transmission History 1930-1939". Archived from the original on 2009-10-15.
  8. 1 2 3 "Allison Transmission History 1940-1949". Archived from the original on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
  9. 1 2 "Allison Transmission History 1950-1959". Archived from the original on 2011-07-07.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Our place in your world". Allison Division of General Motors Corporation. 1968. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  11. ↑ RDC with the "new look". Philadelphia: The Budd Company. 1950. p. 7.
  12. ↑ "Commonwealth Railways buy Budd diesel rail cars". Railways Institute Magazine. Adelaide: South Australian Railways. June–July 1951. pp. 4–6.
  13. ↑ Flynn, H. O. (1957). "Powermatic: a new automatic for Chevrolet transmission heavy-duty trucks". Transactions. SAE Technical Paper Series. 1. Society of Automotive Engineers. doi:10.4271/570012. ISSN   0148-7191. JSTOR   44564356.
  14. ↑ "Powermatic Transmission" (PDF). 1956 Chevrolet Features: Truck Engineering Achievements (PDF) (Report). Engineering Product Information Department, Chevrolet Engineering Center. 1956. pp. 47–63. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  15. ↑ Schuette, A. R. (1971). The Allison AT-540 Automatic Transmission in Utility Truck Applications. National Truck, Powerplant, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting. doi:10.4271/710658. ISSN   0148-7191.
  16. ↑ "DP 8000 torqmatic powershift brochure". Allison Division, GMC. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  17. ↑ Boyer, Robert C. (1986). "Digital Electronic Controls for Detroit Diesel Allison Heavy Hauling Transmissions". Transactions. SAE Technical Paper Series. 95. Society of Automotive Engineers: 709–719. doi:10.4271/861170. JSTOR   44469083.
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  20. ↑ "General Motors 8.1L Vortec V-8". Diesel Hub. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  21. 1 2 "GM selling Allison Transmission for $5.6 billion". Reuters. June 28, 2007. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
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  23. ↑ M551
  24. ↑ "Allison Transmission History 1960-1969". Archived from the original on 2011-07-07.
  25. ↑ The Apollo Spacecraft: Status Report #2 (film). NASA. 1966. Event occurs at 5:23.[ dead YouTube link ]
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  27. ↑ Schmidt, J. W.; Harmon, K. B. (February 1973). An Automatic Transmission for Off-Highway Vehicles. 24th Annual Earthmoving Industry Conference. doi:10.4271/730442. ISSN   0148-7191.
  28. ↑ Answers.com-Allison Gas Turbine Division
  29. ↑ "United Defense M113 History". Archived from the original on 2010-01-07. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
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  34. ↑ Allison TC10
  35. ↑ New Allison TC10 Tractor Transmission Available for Order at Navistar [ permanent dead link ]
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  46. ↑ "Fully Integrated Electric Axles" (PDF). Allison Transmission. August 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
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  51. ↑ "Allison fully automatic transmissions: MT series". Allison Division, General Motors Corporation. Retrieved 21 April 2022.

Hybrid Buses

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