Mack Trucks

Last updated
Mack Trucks, Inc.
Company type Subsidiary
Industry Automotive
FoundedJuly 26, 1900;124 years ago (1900-07-26) (as Mack Brothers Company)
Founder
    • John Mack
    • Augustus Mack
Headquarters Greensboro, North Carolina, U.S.
Key people
  • Stephen Roy (President)
Products Heavy and medium-duty trucks
Number of employees
2000
Parent Volvo
Website macktrucks.com

Mack Trucks, Inc. is an American truck manufacturing company and a former manufacturer of buses and trolley buses. Founded in 1900 as the Mack Brothers Company, it manufactured its first truck in 1905 and adopted its present name in 1922. [1] Since 2000, Mack Trucks has been a subsidiary of Volvo, which purchased Mack and its former parent company Renault Véhicules Industriels. [2]

Contents

Founded originally in Brooklyn in 1900, the company moved its headquarters to Allentown, Pennsylvania, five years later, in 1905. The company remained in Allentown for over a century, from 1905 until 2009. In 2009, the company relocated its headquarters to Greensboro, North Carolina. [3]

Mack products are produced in Lower Macungie, Pennsylvania, [4] and Salem, Virginia. [5] Its powertrain products are produced in its Hagerstown, Maryland, plant. Mack also maintains additional assembly plants in facilities in Pennsylvania, Australia, and Venezuela. The company also once maintained plants in Winnsboro, South Carolina, Hayward, California, and Oakville, Ontario, which are now closed.

Operations

The company's manufacturing facilities are located at their Lehigh Valley Operations facility and division, formally known as the Macungie Assembly Operations Plant, in Macungie, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley region of the state. Mack Trucks is the fourth-largest employer in the Lehigh Valley region as of 2024. [6]

Mack Trucks is one of the top producers in the vocational and on-road vehicle market, class 8 through class 13.[ citation needed ] Mack trucks have been sold in 45 countries. Located near its former Allentown corporate headquarters in Macungie, Pennsylvania, the company's manufacturing plant produces all Mack products, including Mack MP-series engines[ citation needed ].

Mack transmissions, TC-15 transfer cases, and rear engine power take-offs are designed and manufactured in Hagerstown, Maryland, which was the original factory location.[ citation needed ]

Parts for Mack's right-hand-drive vehicles are produced in Brisbane, Australia for worldwide distribution. Assembly for South America is performed in Macungie alongside the North American trucks. Mack no longer operates Mack de Venezuela C.A., in Caracas, Venezuela. The former Venezuela operation is a complete knock down (CKD) facility. Components were shipped from the United States to Caracas for final assembly.

In addition to its Macungie manufacturing facility, Mack also has a remanufacturing center in Middletown, Pennsylvania.

2008 restructuring plan

On August 14, 2008, Mack Trucks announced a major restructuring plan that included: [7]

History

Corporation timeline

This is a timeline of Mack Trucks history. [8]

An early bus manufactured by Mack Trucks Mack Brothers Motor Co.jpg
An early bus manufactured by Mack Trucks
A Mack truck used to carry ore at the Acosta Mine Museum in Real del Monte, Hidalgo State, Mexico MackTruckAcosta.JPG
A Mack truck used to carry ore at the Acosta Mine Museum in Real del Monte, Hidalgo State, Mexico
1915 Mack AB truck on display at the Iowa 80 Trucking Museum, Walcott, Iowa. 1915MackAB.jpg
1915 Mack AB truck on display at the Iowa 80 Trucking Museum, Walcott, Iowa.
Mack AC-model flatbed delivery truck at the Petersen Automotive Museum 1920s Mack AC truck.jpg
Mack AC-model flatbed delivery truck at the Petersen Automotive Museum
1929 Mack AC truck on display at the Iowa 80 Trucking Museum, Walcott, Iowa. 1929MackAC.jpg
1929 Mack AC truck on display at the Iowa 80 Trucking Museum, Walcott, Iowa.
Mack AB Armoured Truck 1916 Mack AB Armoured Truck 1916.jpg
Mack AB Armoured Truck 1916
The Hale 100-inch mirror for Mount Wilson Observatory on its way up the Mount Wilson Toll Road on a Mack truck in 1917. MtWilsonGlass-1917.jpg
The Hale 100-inch mirror for Mount Wilson Observatory on its way up the Mount Wilson Toll Road on a Mack truck in 1917.
A May 15, 1941 photo of a Mack 6x4 N-model 4-to-6 ton wrecker Mack-wrecker-1941.jpg
A May 15, 1941 photo of a Mack 6x4 N-model 4-to-6 ton wrecker
Mack NO-6 artillery tractor Mack NO-6.JPG
Mack NO-6 artillery tractor
The Mack B Model (1953-1966) in Lower Macungie Township, Pennsylvania Flickr - jimduell - 6-18-11 MACUNGIE ATCA TRUCK SHOW (3).jpg
The Mack B Model (1953–1966) in Lower Macungie Township, Pennsylvania
A Mack C-49-DT bus built in 1956 NYC Transit Authority Mack C-49 6259.jpg
A Mack C-49-DT bus built in 1956
R Series (1965-2005) Mack R series Econodyne.jpg
R Series (1965–2005)
F Series (1962-1981) MACK F700-IN IRAN.jpg
F Series (1962-1981)

Market, model and products timeline

This is a timeline of Mack Trucks history. Most of the information is taken from the Mack History page at MackTrucks.com, unless otherwise noted. [8] Photos of most models 1906–1978 available at. [16]

Products

Current models

North America

List of current models produced for the North American market: [28] [29]
Granite Dump truck NCDOT-Mack-dump-truck-20110706-5957557063.jpg
Granite Dump truck
Pinnacle Semi tractor 11-5-11 tree - Flickr - USDAgov.jpg
Pinnacle Semi tractor
TerraPro LE Refuse truck Mack TerraPro LE.jpg
TerraPro LE Refuse truck
  • Construction Series:
    • Granite
      • Granite Axle Back
    • TerraPro Cabover
  • Highway Series:
    • Anthem
    • Pinnacle:
      • Pinnacle Axle Forward
      • Pinnacle DayCab
      • Pinnacle Sleeper
      • Pinnacle Rawhide Edition
    • Granite
  • Refuse Series:
    • LR
    • TerraPro Cabover
    • TerraPro Low Entry
    • Granite Axle Back
    • Granite
  • Military:

Australia, New Zealand and South Africa

Mack Granite in Australia Mack Granite 02.jpg
Mack Granite in Australia
List of current models produced for the Australian, New Zealand, and South African market at the Wacol, Queensland factory. [30] [31]
  • Granite (Discontinued)
  • Metro-Liner
  • Anthem (Launched 2021)
  • Super-Liner
  • Titan
  • Trident
    • Trident Axle Forward
    • Trident Axle Back
  • TerraPro (Overseas order through Mack Trucks Australia)
    • TerraPro Cabover
    • TerraPro Low Entry

Fire apparatus products

Mack Trucks built complete fire apparatus in Allentown from 1911 until 1984. In addition to building pumpers, Mack also offered aerial trucks using ladder assemblies supplied by other manufacturers, notably American LaFrance and Canadian builder Pierre Thibault. [32] Many still serve with fire departments around the world.

In the 1970s, Mack started selling their chassis to other fire apparatus manufacturers. Production of Mack-chassised fire trucks continues for use in fire departments throughout North America and around the world.

Previous models

AC series 5+1/2 ton truck, 1918 111-SC-32795 - NARA - 55224744-cropped.jpg
AC series 5+1⁄2 ton truck, 1918

AC

The heavy-duty AC, with its well-known tapered hood, was the truck which started the bulldog theme. A 377 cu in (6.2 L) 4 cylinder gasoline engine 4X2 with chain drive, it was strong, reliable, and worked well in rough terrain. Introduced in 1916, there was a great demand because of World War I, over 6000 3+1⁄2-, 5+1⁄2-, and 7+1⁄2-ton trucks were built for the UK and US military. There were also commercial sales from 1916; the AC was well suited for logging and construction work. A larger version, the AP, built between 1926 and 1938, was an off-road haul truck used on Boulder Dam and other large projects. 40,299 ACs had been built when production ended in 1939. [8] [33] [34] [35]

N Series

The N Series was Mack's first military design, large 6 and 7+1⁄2-ton 6X6 artillery prime movers. Between its development in the late 1930s and the beginning of production in 1940 US military requirements changed and the truck was not needed. All NMs and most of the larger NOs were exported as foreign aid. After World War II the NO was developed into the successful M 123 semi-tractor. [36]

B series

The Mack B series models were Mack's primary vehicle from its introduction in 1953 until it was replaced by the R Series in 1966. They ranged in size from the medium duty B20P gas powered 4X2 to the oversized B873SX turbo-diesel 6X6. B Models were commonly used as semi tractors and in the construction industry. They were also used as fire engines and trucks, sometimes with the roof of the cab removed. 127,786 B Models were built. [8] [37]

R/RB/RD/RL/RM/RW, U, DM/DMM series

Mack started to produce the Mack R series (R, RW, and U models) in 1966 for highway use, and the RD, DM, and all wheel drive RM and DMM models for construction use. The lightweight RL model followed in 1967, the RW Superliner with a large, rectangular hood and grill in 1977, and the setback front axle RB in the 1990s. All these models featured the same cab; the U, DM, and DMM had the cab offset to the left.

In the 1990s, the R, RW, and U series models were discontinued and the RB was introduced, mostly for severe-duty applications. The hood was modified slightly for the model RB. 2004 was the last year for the RD, and 2006 for the RB and DM. The DM was the last model to use this cab style, and was the last model of this family to be produced. [38] [39]

As a replacement for the construction models, Mack started to offer the Granite, Granite Bridge-Formula and Granite Axle-back. [8]

Also this model is serving in the Mexican Army as a Troop and Utility Truck in configuration 6X6 OR 6X4

Engines

By 1916 Mack was producing 4- and 6-cylinder gasoline engines, and through 2014 continued to offer their own, in the form of three diesel I6s. Engines by other manufacturers were often optional, supplied over the years by Caterpillar, Cummins, Chrysler, Detroit Diesel, Hercules, Scania, and Waukesha.

Mack started making diesels in 1938, in 1957 the END and turbocharged ENDT 673 diesel were introduced. This 672 cu in (11.0 L) I6 engine family was successful, and remained in production for over 30 years.

In the early 1960s, Walter May, executive vice president of product and engineering at Mack Trucks HQ in Allentown, PA., prioritized research and development of a high-torque rise engine. Winton Pelizzoni, chief engineer at the Mack Trucks powertrain facility in Hagerstown, MD., designed an innovative engine based on this concept and then led development of the prototype that went into production. The engine was introduced as an inline six in 1966, as a V8 in 1970, and as the intercooled inline six 300 series in 1973. This was an industry-changing event. The Maxidyne, with an operating range of 1200–2100 R.P.M, and later 1050–1700 R.P.M., allowed a heavy Class 8 truck to be operated with a 5 speed (Maxitorque) transmission. Previously, heavy trucks typically operated between 1800–2100R.P.M. and were equipped with 10 or more gears.

In 2014 Mack offers three engine series, the 11 L MP 7, 13 L MP8, and 16 L MP10, with 325 hp (242 kW) to 605 hp (451 kW) and 1,200 lb⋅ft (1,627 N⋅m) to 2,060 lb⋅ft (2,793 N⋅m). [8] [40] [41] [42]

Other products

Mack also produced railroad cars and locomotives between 1905 and 1930. [43] The company additionally produced several railbus models. [44]

Trademark

The company's trademark is the bulldog, which can be found on the front of almost all Mack trucks. A gold-plated bulldog indicates the truck came with all Mack drivetrain including the engine, transmission and axles.

Mack trucks earned their nickname during World War I, when the British government purchased the Mack AC for supplying its front lines. Its pugnacious, blunt-nosed hood, tenacious performance, and durability, reminded the soldiers of their country's mascot, the British Bulldog. [45] The logo was first used in 1921 for the AB chain drive models and became the official corporate logo in 1922. [46]

Leadership

Mack leaderDates of service
John M. Mack1900 to 1905 and 1909 to October 17, 1911
Otto MearsApril 29, 1905, to January 9, 1906
Jacob SulzbachJanuary 9, 1906, to January 8, 1907
Thomas RushJanuary 8, 1907, to December 8, 1908
Charles P. ColemanOctober 17, 1911, to June 13, 1913
John CalderJune to October 1913
Vernon MunroeOctober 22, 1913, to May 23, 1917
Alfred J. BrosseauMay 15, 1917, to September 24, 1936
Emil C. FinkJanuary 28, 1937, to January 1, 1943
Charles T. RuhfAugust 5, 1943, to June 6, 1949
Edwin D. BransomeJune 6, 1949, to January 11, 1955
Peter O. PetersonJanuary 11, 1955, to December 31, 1958
Christian A. Johnson1958 to 1962 (acting President)
Nicholas DykstraJuly 20, 1961, to September 1, 1962
C. Rhoades McBrideSeptember 7, 1962, to January 6, 1965
Zenon C.R. HansenJanuary 7, 1965, to January 28, 1972
Henry J. NaveJanuary 28, 1972, to January 1, 1976
Alfred W. PelletierJanuary 1, 1976, to July 21, 1980
John B. CurcioJuly 21, 1980, to 1989
Ralph Reins1989 to 1990
Elios Pascual1990 to 1995
Pierre JocouMarch 1, 1995, to November 29, 1996
Michel GigouDecember 1, 1996, to July 1, 2001
Paul ViknerJuly 1, 2001, to April 1, 2008
Dennis SlagleApril 1, 2008 to January 1, 2012
Kevin FlahertyJanuary 1, 2012 to January 1, 2014
Stephen RoyJanuary 1, 2014 to March 1, 2016
Dennis SlagleMarch 1, 2016 to May 31, 2018
Martin WeissburgJune 1, 2018 to October 1, 2023
Stephen RoyJune 1, 2023 to present

Military models

World War II

Mack built over 35,000 heavy duty military trucks during World War II, most for export under Lend-Lease. None were US Army standard types, all were designed and built exclusively by Mack.

The EH series was a commercial design 5 ton (4,500 kg) [lower-alpha 1] 4x2 adapted for military service. The EH, EHU (cabover) and semi-tractor models EHT and EHUT were used by the US Army in Europe. Over 2,400 were built in 1942. [47] [48] [49]

The LMSW was a commercial design 10 ton (9,070 kg) [lower-alpha 1] 6x4 chassis adapted for military wreckers, most were exported to Great Britain. [47]

The NJU (G-639) series were military design 5 ton (5,450 kg) [lower-alpha 2] 4x4 semi-tractors used to tow bridging pontoons and equipment. Several other manufactures built standardized models of similar trucks, so only 700 were produced in 1941–1942. [47] [50]

The NM (G-535) and NO (G-532) series were military design 6 ton (5,443 kg) [lower-alpha 2] and 7+1⁄2 ton (6,800 kg) [lower-alpha 2] 6x6 artillery prime movers. All NMs and most of the larger NOs were exported as foreign aid. Over 8,400 NMs and 2,000 NOs were built between 1940 and 1944. [47] [50] [51]

The NR series were military design 10 ton (5,440 kg) [lower-alpha 1] 6x4 cargo trucks. Intended for British use in North Africa, they had Mack ED diesel engines, making them valuable for long-distance trips. Over 15,000 were built between 1940 and 1944. [47] [52]

Post World War II

Since World War II, Mack has had limited military production.

The M39 (G-744) series, which includes the M54 cargo truck, were a standardized military design 5 ton (4,540 kg) [lower-alpha 2] 6x6 chassis, with many models. Mack developed a competing design, when the M39 was standardized Mack built a relatively small number of M51 dump trucks. In the early 1960s they took part in a short lived program to retrofit some of the series with Mack END 672 engines. [47] [50] [53] [54]

The M123 and M125 (G-792) were standardized military design 10 ton (9,070 kg) [55] 6x6 semi tractors and artillery prime movers. Designed by Mack, using many components from the NO series. Mack built 392 M123s, used with a lowboy trailer to recover and transport tanks, and all 552 M125s, between 1955 and 1957. Later follow-up orders called for 420 M123s and retrofitted 210 more with Cummins engines. [47] [50] [54] [56]

The 1968 country song "Phantom 309" by Red Sovine is about a ghost trucker who, when asked about the name Phantom 309, replies that "This Ole' Mack will put 'em all to shame. There aint a driver or rig runnin' any line that seen nothin' but taillights from 'Phantom 309'".

Five 1970s Mack RS700 series trucks and one Cruise Liner COE were used in the motion picture Convoy [57] starring Kris Kristofferson as Martin "Rubber Duck" Penwald and Ali MacGraw as Melissa.

A 1970s Mack R-600 truck with a "coolpower" engine setup is used to haul an oil tanker in Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior .

Mack DM series dump trucks appeared prominently in Die Hard with a Vengeance (the third movie in the series).

A 1980s video for the Bananarama song "Cruel Summer" prominently features a red Mack truck. [58]

Maximum Overdrive (1986) is a horror tale of machinery come to life which includes a truck stop with various vehicles.

During a chase scene from the 1997 film Fire Down Below, Steven Seagal's character is rammed and chased by a Mack DM-800 ST.

A 2008 Mack Granite Cement Mixer was the vehicle mode for the Decepticon Mixmaster in Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen .

A Mack M915 (LHRT) Line-Haul Replacement Tractor (military version of the Mack Granite GU713 10-wheeler) with a (military version M970 fuel tanker) semi-trailer, was the vehicle mode for Megatron in Transformers: Dark of the Moon .

The beginning of Blake Crouch's best selling novel Pines has the main protagonist, Secret Service Agent Ethan Burke, suffering temporary amnesia after the car he is traveling in crashes. He believes he must seek out a person named "Mack" as it the only word he is able to recall. He later realizes the significant of "Mack" is in fact his recollection of his vehicle being intentionally hit by a Mack truck.

A 1984 Mack Superliner, owned by J.R. Collins Pulling Team, is also officially sponsored by Mack. The truck (named "Buckeye Bulldog") runs in the NTPA (National Tractor Pulling Association) in the "Super Semi" class.

Dale Gribble, a character from King of the Hill , is rarely seen without his Mack cap.

In Bad Boys II (2003), a 2000 Mack CX 613 Vision truck is used by the villains.

In the film Cars , Mack is Lightning McQueen's transport, an animated 1985 Mack Super-Liner voiced by John Ratzenberger. Ratzenberger's father drove a Mack truck to deliver oil for three decades. [59] On the "Disney/Pixar Road Trip '06", which promoted the film in a four-month tour of forty-one cities, "Mack" is a 2006 CH Rawhide 460-horsepower Mack truck carrying an Eddie Paul customized Trans Am as "Lightning".

CEO Denny Slagle took part in CBS' Undercover Boss in 2011. [60]

In the 2001 movie Vanilla Sky , a green Mack truck almost crashes into David Aames's Mustang, stopping just in time.

In the 2020 rap hit single, “WAP” Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion, the truck company is written into the song, referring to a large sized male penis as a mack truck, with lyrics such as “I want you to park that big Mack Truck, right in this little garage.”

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 On road load rating.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Off road load rating

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References

  1. ↑ "Mack Mission/Origin/Trademark". Mack Trucks. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
  2. ↑ "Mack Corporate History 2000–2009". Mack Trucks. Archived from the original on 14 November 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
  3. ↑ Barron, Richard M. (September 4, 2009). "Mack Moves South: Bulldog in Tow". Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved 2009-09-04.
  4. ↑ "Macungie Assembly Operations". Mack Trucks. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
  5. ↑ Mack Unveils Medium-Duty Truck Plant in Southwest Virginia. Salem, Virginia. 2020-01-30. Archived from the original on 2020-03-09. Retrieved 2020-03-09.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ↑ "Lehigh Valley's Largest Private-Sector Employers", Lehigh Valley Economic Development
  7. 1 2 "Mack Plans Restructuring to Increase Competitiveness, Secure Long-Term Leadership Position" Archived 2011-10-02 at the Wayback Machine . Mack Trucks. August 14, 2008. Retrieved: 2008-08-15
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mack History Archived 2014-03-15 at the Wayback Machine . Mack Trucks.
  9. ↑ "Motor Truck Merger". New York Times. September 23, 1911. p.15. Retrieved: 2008-06-16
  10. ↑ Mack Trucks (2022). "History". Mack Trucks. Retrieved October 1, 2022.
  11. ↑ Macks Trucks in merger Truck & Bus Transportation August 1967 page 96
  12. ↑ Renault buys a slice of the Mack action Truck & Bus Transportation July 1979 page 51
  13. ↑ "President Biden Visits Mack Trucks Plant In Pennsylvania" Archived 2021-08-26 at the Wayback Machine ; Fleet Equipment Mag
  14. ↑ "Mack Trucks to hire 400 at Lower Macungie facility" Archived 2021-08-26 at the Wayback Machine ; WFMZ
  15. ↑ "Chip Shortages Driving Lead Times Exceeding 5 Months for Commercial Transportation Industry" Archived 2021-08-26 at the Wayback Machine ; eestasia.com
  16. ↑ Warth, Thomas E. (1998). Mack Trucks Photo Gallery. Iconografix. ISBN   1-882256-88-3.
  17. ↑ "Railroads Cut Off Short Branch Lines". New York Times . January 15, 1922. p.102
  18. 1 2 Sebree, Mac; Ward, Paul (1973). Transit's Stepchild: The Trolley Coach. Los Angeles: Interurbans. pp. 156–161. LCCN   73-84356.
  19. ↑ Peck, Merton J. & Scherer, Frederic M. The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis (1962) Harvard Business School p.619
  20. ↑ Doyle (2003), pp. 223–229, 245.
  21. ↑ Calderone, John A. (1997). The History of Fire Engines. Brompton Books Corp. pp. 62, 64, 72–74. ISBN   0-7607-0101-6.
  22. ↑ Calderone (1997), pp. 67, 80.
  23. ↑ Phippard, Martin (December 1978). "Intertruck: Canada". TRUCK. London: FF Publishing Ltd: 32.
  24. ↑ "AB Volvo – press release". Cision Wire. Archived from the original on 2012-07-30. Retrieved 2006-11-15.
  25. ↑ "Mack to Launch its Biggest Model — TITAN" (PDF). Bulldog. Vol. 1. 2008. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-25. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
  26. ↑ "Titan by Mack" (PDF) (Product Brochure). Mack Trucks. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-25. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
  27. ↑ "Mack unveils natural gas-powered truck". News & Record . 2010-10-26. Archived from the original on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
  28. ↑ "Mack Bulldog Line" (PDF). Mack Trucks. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-25. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
  29. ↑ "Products". Mack Trucks. Archived from the original on 2013-06-27. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
  30. ↑ New Breed Range Archived 2011-10-02 at the Wayback Machine . Mack Trucks Australia. Retrieved: 2008-06-08
  31. ↑ Hill, Liezel. "Volvo, Mack team up for SA market" Archived 2009-02-10 at the Wayback Machine . Engineering News. July 27, 2005. Retrieved: 2008-06-08
  32. ↑ McCall, Walter M.P. (2009). American Fire Engine Manufacturers. Iconografix. pp. 162–163. ISBN   978-1-58388-252-8.
  33. ↑ Motor Trucks of America. B.F. Goodrich. 1918. p. 148.
  34. ↑ Page, Victor Wilfred (1921). Modern Truck, Design, Construction, Operation, Repair,…. Norman W. Henley Publishing. p. 54.
  35. ↑ Warth (1998), pp. 24–26, 28–31, 35–44, 46–48.
  36. ↑ Doyle (2003), pp. 205–207, 213–215.
  37. ↑ Warth (1998), pp. 151–162, 164–168, 170–185, 195, 197.
  38. ↑ Operators Handbook-R Series (1996) Mack Trucks, Inc page 4
  39. ↑ Operators Handbook-DM, DMM, U Series (1988) Mack Trucks, Inc pages 1–5
  40. ↑ Operators Handbook (1988), page 59–64
  41. ↑ Warth (1998), pp. 10, 105, 176.
  42. ↑ "Mack trucks powertrains". Mack Trucks. 2014. Archived from the original on 14 November 2013. Retrieved 1 Feb 2014.
  43. ↑ Kulp, Randolph L. "History of Mack Rail Motor Cars and Locomotives." 1st ed. (1959) (Lehigh Valley Chapter, National Railway Historical Society).
  44. ↑ "Mack Truck Enters the Railroad Field". The Wall Street Journal. October 10, 1922. p. 15.
  45. ↑ History: 1910–1919 Archived 2013-01-21 at the Wayback Machine . Mack Trucks. Retrieved: 2008-06-08
  46. ↑ History: 1920–1929 Archived 2013-01-21 at the Wayback Machine . Mack Trucks. Retrieved: 2008-06-08
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Crismon, Fred W (2001). US Military Wheeled Vehicles (3rd ed.). Victory WWII Pub. ISBN   0-970056-71-0.
  48. ↑ "TM-9-2800-1947 Military Vehicles". US Dept. of the Army. 27 Oct 1947. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 18 Dec 2014.
  49. ↑ "TM-10-1546 Parts list Mack US Gov't vehicles 5 ton 4x2". US War Dept. Aug 1942. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 1 Dec 2014.
  50. 1 2 3 4 Doyle, David (2003). Standard catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles. Krause Publications. ISBN   0-87349-508-X.
  51. ↑ "TM-10-1679 Maint. manual for Mack NO". US War Dept. April 1944. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 18 Dec 2014.
  52. ↑ "TM-9-2800 1943 Standard Military Motor Vehicles". US War Dept. 1 September 1943. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 18 Dec 2014.
  53. ↑ "Operators Manual for Truck 5 ton, 6X6, M39 series". US Dept. of the Army. November 1977. Archived from the original on 2014-12-06. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  54. 1 2 "Characteristic sheet". Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library. Ordnance Tank Automotive Cmd. Archived from the original on 10 December 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
  55. ↑ Off road load rating
  56. ↑ "TM-9-2320-206-10 Operator's manual for Truck tractor 10 ton, 6X6, M123, Cargo M125" . US Dept. Of the Army. April 1977. Archived from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2014– via Scribd.com.
  57. ↑ "Rubber Duck's Mack RS700L's". Convoy Rubber Duck Mack Truck. Archived from the original on 2015-05-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  58. ↑ "Bananarama - Cruel Summer (Official Video)". 26 September 2017. Archived from the original on 2023-08-28. Retrieved 2023-08-28– via www.youtube.com.
  59. ↑ Joanna Poncavage (April 22, 2006). "Mack among the stars". The Morning Call . Allentown, Penn. Archived from the original on 2014-07-04. Retrieved 2012-08-06.
  60. ↑ "Mack Trucks' CEO Denny Slagle Featured On CBS' Undercover Boss". Digitriad. Archived from the original on 2013-02-15.
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