The Torino was built on the same hybrid AMC platform through 1981 in both two-door hardtop and four-door sedan variants. It has been described as "Argentina's national car".[1]
Background
In 1961, IKA (Industrias Kaiser Argentina) was looking for a car that could break into the Argentinian market, a car that could combine American reliability with European elegance. The automaker provided two 1965 Rambler Americans (a coupe hardtop and a sedan) to Pininfarina seeking styling updates. The new design largely maintained the general shape of the original Rambler with a completely new interior and facelifted "European" grille and rear end.[2]
The car was presented on 30 November 1966, at the Autódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez racing circuit, and was marketed as the quintessential Argentinian car. The Torino proved popular throughout the 1960s and the 1970s. It continued to be produced after IKA was bought out by Renault.[3]
Renault continued the production until the early 1980s. In 1978, the Argentinian automobile market began to slow down considerably. This coincided with the relaxation of trade restrictions and the introduction of foreign-made cars. The Torino was unable to compete with the newer, cheaper, more reliable foreign models. Production of the Torino line ended in 1982.[2]
A total of 99,792 two and four-door IKA Torinos were built.[4]
Engines
All engines were manufactured in Argentina.
Tornado Special engine is only available on the 300 (the 300S is the 4-door version of the 300). It has four main bearings.
Tornado Special engine
Model
Engine
Power
Torque
Disp.
Bore x Stroke
Redline
300 & 300S
2968cc
84.94mm ×87.31mm 3.344in ×3.437in
5,000rpm
120hp (89kW; 122PS) @4,500rpm
26kg⋅m (188lb⋅ft; 255N⋅m) @3,000rpm
Tornado Interceptor engine. Available models: 380, 380W, TS, SE, GS200. It has 4 main bearings. The 380S is the 4-door version of the 380. The 'W' in 380W is for the 3 Weber 45 Dcoe 17 carburetors. The TS/S is the 4-door version of the TS. The GS200 replaced the 380W and was the first Argentine car to be able to exceed 200km/h (124mph), with a top speed of 203km/h (126mph).
Rear view1967 IKA Torino 380 W, the top version between 1966 and 1970. The body has the basic shape of the 1965 Rambler American 2-door hardtop
Tornado Special engine
Model
Engine
Power
Torque
Disp.
Bore x Stroke
Redline
380 & 380S
3770cc
84.94mm ×111.125mm 3.3441in ×4.3750in
5,000rpm
155hp (116kW; 157PS) @4,300rpm
32kg⋅m (231lb⋅ft; 314N⋅m) @3,500rpm
380W
176hp (131kW; 178PS) @4,500rpm
33kg⋅m (239lb⋅ft; 324N⋅m) @3,500rpm
TS
160hp (119kW; 162PS) @4,500rpm
31kg⋅m (224lb⋅ft; 304N⋅m) @2,500rpm
TS/S
152hp (113kW; 154PS) @4,200rpm
30kg⋅m (217lb⋅ft; 294N⋅m) @2,500rpm
GS200
185hp (138kW; 188PS) @4,700rpm
34kg⋅m (246lb⋅ft; 333N⋅m) @3,500rpm
1972 Renault Torino
The Torino 233 engine features a new block and a new cylinder head. Available models: SE, GR, TS, TSX, GS, ZX. It has 7 main bearings. Power and torque figures for the GS are estimated.
IKA Torino TS sedan
Torino 233 engine
Model
Engine
Power
Torque
Disp.
Bore x Stroke
Redline
SE (4-door)
3770cc
84.94mm ×111.125mm 3.3441in ×4.3750in
5,200rpm
170hp (127kW; 172PS) @4,500rpm
31kg⋅m (224lb⋅ft; 304N⋅m) @2,500rpm
GR (4-door) & TS
180hp (134kW; 182PS) @4,500rpm
31kg⋅m (224lb⋅ft; 304N⋅m) @2,500rpm
TSX & ZX
200hp (149kW; 203PS) @4,500rpm
33kg⋅m (239lb⋅ft; 324N⋅m) @3,000rpm
GS
215hp (160kW; 218PS) @4,700rpm
34kg⋅m (246lb⋅ft; 333N⋅m) @3,200rpm
The Tornado Interceptor 241 engine prepared for use in competition. Available in the Torino 380W TC. It has 4 main bearings.
Tornado Interceptor 241 engine
Model
Engine
Power
Torque
Disp.
Bore x Stroke
Redline
380W TC
3950cc
86.70mm ×111.125mm 3.4134in ×4.3750in
5,400rpm
248hp (185kW; 251PS) @5,000rpm
39kg⋅m (282lb⋅ft; 382N⋅m) @4,000rpm
Racing
The Torino used in the 1969 Marathon de la Route showcased in Tecnópolis.
A marketing effort was established by IKA, known as the "Argentine Mission of 1969" with coordination by engineer Oreste Berta and under the leadership of Juan Manuel Fangio because competing in auto racing was viewed as an investment in brand image.[5]
The IKA Torino's most notable international success was in the Marathon de la Route race of 1969, with a Torino finishing in fourth place.[6]
The factory modified three cars by reducing their weight from 1,407 to 1,365kg (3,102 to 3,009lb) and increasing the engine output to 250hp (186kW; 253PS) at 5,200 rpm to give them a top speed of 230km/h (143mph) as well as suspension adjustments using wider tires.[5] The three cars were shipped to Germany and given numbers 1, 2, and 3 due to Fangio's renown in Europe as well as a special classification due to the car's larger engine displacement.[5]
After the three and a half days of racing, the No. 3 Torino that was driven by Eduardo Copello, Alberto Rodríguez Larreta, and Oscar Mauricio Franco, had covered the most laps of all – 334, but lost the top position because they accumulated various penalties during the race.[7] The IKA Torino became "the pride and joy of Argentine car enthusiasts" when their country's team "showed that it could run with the best of Europe on Europe’s toughest circuit."[7] This became "one of the great feats of Argentine motorsport having managed to gather the support of the entire national industry in a feat that showed the world the potential of this model built entirely in the country."[5]
The No. 3 car is displayed in the Juan Manuel Fangio Museum located in Balcarce, Buenos Aires Province, the birthplace of Argentina's Fangio who dominated the first decade of Formula One racing. When not competing on race tracks, Fangio's daily diver was a 1970 IKA Torino 380S four-door sedan.[8] The car was a gift after the 1969 Nürburgring 84-hour race and Fangio drove it until he became president of Mercedes-Benz Argentina in 1974. the car remained in Fangio's name until his death in 1995 and then kept within his family until 2013.[9] The car was auctioned with no reserve at the Silverstone NEC Classic Motor Show Sale in Birmingham, England in 2022 for £28,175, or about $45,000.[10]
The Torino is still being raced, albeit in silhouette form with Jeep Cherokee engines, in the Argentinian Turismo Carretera and other series.
Legacy
By the late 1970s, the Torino was the only non-Renault product manufactured by the French company. It could also be considered the last front-engine, rear-wheel drive Renault, a rarity in itself.[11]
Many Argentines think of the Torino as the national car.[12][13] Parts are still available and there are fan clubs.
The appeal of the IKA Torino to collectors outside of Argentina is limited because exporting one is difficult due to numerous registration and ownership regulations.[14]
References
↑Durruty, Diego (15 July 2022). "Torino, el auto argentino que se ganó el cariño de la gente en la calle y la pista"[Torino, the Argentine car that won the affection of the people on the street and the track]. Automundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 July 2022. ... from its birth until now, it is the only model that has remained in the memory of Argentines.
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