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A circle route (also circumference, loop, ring route, ring line or orbital line) is a public transport route following a path approximating a circle or at least a closed curve.
The expression "circle route" may refer in particular to:
Typically, a circle route will connect at several locations with one or more cross-city routes or radial routes offering services in a straighter line into or out of a city or town centre. When a circle route orbits a central business district in a large arc, it will often provide transverse (or lateral) links between suburbs or satellites, either on its own or in combination with other routes, such as Seoul Subway Line 2, the busiest line in the Seoul Metropolitan Subway network, and formerly the longest circle metro line in the world from 1984–2013. Such connections assist travellers by reducing travel times, avoiding congested centres, and sometimes reducing the number of transfers. Similar benefits may also be achieved by half-circle routes or peripheral cross-city routes, such as Osaka Higashi Line, Musashino Line and Copenhagen S-Train Line F.
Circle routes do have their operational disadvantages. They can be susceptible to delays and bunching, [1] as without a terminus for trains to layover between services, or significant padding in schedules, there is no way for late trains to recover lost time. This issue is particularly pronounced when circle routes share their corridor with other traffic, such as the Inner and Outer Link buses in Auckland, or the London Underground's Circle Line pre-2009; [2] as any sort of delay on the circle route affects other services sharing the same tracks/bus lanes.
Successful circle routes, such as the Yamanote Line in Tokyo and Koltsevaya line in Moscow tend to be isolated lines that do not share corridors with other services; or if they do, have their own dedicated tracks and platforms with any junctions being grade-separated.
The oldest circular rapid transit line was London's Inner Circle, today the Circle line of the London Underground, which was completed in 1884, operated by two separate companies. [3] The route chosen forms the general border of what is today central London. This was followed by the Glasgow Subway which opened in 1896, with the system unchanged to this day. In Moscow Metro, a railway from 1908 was reopened as a passenger line in 2016. More recently, line 3 of the Copenhagen Metro opened in 2019, connecting the city centre to the northern and eastern suburbs. In some cities such as Paris, where lines 2 and 6 encircle the city, multiple services together can effectively form a circular route.
Circle routes can also be found in many commuter rail networks, namely in Sydney and Melbourne, with Sydney's City Circle being built in 1926 and Melbourne's City Loop in 1978. Further examples are the Osaka Loop Line for the JR West Urban Network serving the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe conurbation and the Yamanote Line for the JR East Greater Tokyo commuter rail network.
Commuter rail, or suburban rail, is a passenger rail transport service that primarily operates within a metropolitan area, connecting commuters to a central city from adjacent suburbs or commuter towns. Commuter rail systems are considered heavy rail, using electric or diesel trains. Distance charges or zone pricing may be used.
In public transit, particularly bus, tram, or train transportation, a limited-stop service is a trip pattern that stops less frequently than a local service. Many limited-stop or semi-fast services are a combination of commuter rail and express train.
Two rapid transit systems operate in Tokyo: Tokyo Metro and the Toei Subway. Most of the network is located in the 23 special wards, with portions extending into Chiba and Saitama Prefectures. The subways are one part of Greater Tokyo's passenger rail network, with through service further connecting the subway to suburban railways in Western Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture.
Seoul Subway Line 2, also known as the Circle Line, is a circular line of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. The line running clockwise is called the "inner circle line" and the counter-clockwise line is called the "outer circle line". This is Seoul's most heavily used line, and consists of the main loop, the Seongsu Branch and the Sinjeong Branch for a total line length of 60.2 km (37.4 mi). The Line 2 loop is the third longest subway loop in the world after Moscow Metro Bolshaya Koltsevaya line and Beijing Subway Line 10. In 2019, Line 2 had an annual ridership of 812 million passengers or 2.2 million passengers per day.
Rail directions are used to describe train directions on rail systems. The terms used may be derived from such sources as compass directions, altitude directions, or other directions. These directions are often specific to system, country, or region.
Green Line may refer to:
Circle Line or Circular line may refer to:
Orbirail was a name for a suggested orbital railway route around London.
The transport network in Greater Tokyo includes public and private rail and highway networks; airports for international, domestic, and general aviation; buses; motorcycle delivery services, walking, bicycling, and commercial shipping. While the nexus is in the central part of Tokyo, every part of the Greater Tokyo Area has rail or road transport services. There are also a number of ports offering sea and air transport to the general public.
The City Circle Line or M3 is a loop line of the Copenhagen Metro. It has been claimed by COWI A/S that the City Circle Line is the largest construction project to have taken place in Copenhagen during the last 400 years. The network's total length is 15.5 kilometres (9.6 mi) and has 17 stations. The line opened on 29 September 2019.
Sydney, the largest city in Australia, has an extensive network of passenger and freight railways. The passenger system includes an extensive suburban railway network, operated by Sydney Trains, a metro network and a light rail network. A dedicated freight network also exists. Future expansion of the light rail network includes the Parramatta Light Rail. Existing light rail services are the Inner West Light Rail and the CBD & South East Light Rail.
Inner–outer directions are labels that identify the direction of travel on opposing lanes of traffic on certain ring roads or beltways. They can be used to sign individual routes that encircle a city or metropolitan area, where east–west and north–south orientations cannot be applied uniformly. The labels are also used in select double track rail systems that form a loop, indicating the direction of travel of each line.
This article deals with transport in the Greater Dublin Area centred on the city of Dublin in Ireland.
Line 6 may refer to:
Line 7 or 7 Line may refer to:
A through service is a concept of passenger transport that involves a vehicle travelling between lines, networks or operators on a regularly specified schedule, on which the passenger can remain on board without alighting. It may be in form of either the following:
Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT), also known as heavy rail or metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport that is generally built in urban areas. A rapid transit system that primarily or traditionally runs below the surface may be called a subway, tube, or underground. Unlike buses or trams, rapid transit systems are railways, usually electric, that operate on an exclusive right-of-way, which cannot be accessed by pedestrians or other vehicles. They are often grade-separated in tunnels or on elevated railways.
The Kyiv City Express is an urban rail transit passenger service in Kyiv, Ukraine. The service is operated by Ukrainian Railways and Kyivpastrans. The project uses a long-existing railroad ring in the city for peak hour circulation of electric multiple unit trains.
Transport in Copenhagen and the surrounding area relies on a well-established infrastructure making it a hub in Northern Europe due to its road and rail networks as well as its international airport. Thanks to its many cycle tracks, Copenhagen is considered one of the world's most bicycle-friendly cities. The metro and S-train systems are key features of the city's well-developed public transport facilities. Since July 2000, the Øresund Bridge has served as a road and rail link to Malmö in Sweden. The city is also served by ferry connections to Oslo in Norway while its award-winning harbour is an ever more popular port of call for cruise ships.
Madrid is served by highly developed transport infrastructure. Road, rail and air links are vital to maintain the economic position of Madrid as a leading centre of employment, enterprise, trade and tourism, providing effective connections with not only other parts of the region, but also the rest of Spain and Europe as a whole. Three quarters of a million people commute into the city to work, and these and other local travellers have available a high-capacity metropolitan road network and a well-used public transport system based on the Metro, the Cercanías local railways, and a dense network of bus routes.
