Historical urban community sizes

Not to be confused with List of largest cities throughout history.

This article lists historical urban community sizes based on the estimated populations of selected human settlements from 7000 BC – AD 2000, organized by archaeological periods.

Many of the figures are uncertain, especially in ancient times. Estimating population sizes before censuses were conducted is a difficult task. ^[1]

Neolithic settlements

Further information: Neolithic architecture

Town	Location	7000 BC	6000 BC	5000 BC	4000 BC	3800 BC	3700 BC
'Ain Ghazal	Jordan	2,000-2,500 [2]
Beidha	Jordan	1,000 [3]
Çatalhöyük	Turkey	1,000 [3] [2] –10,000 [4]
Çayönü	Turkey	8630-7680 [5] [6] [7]
Choirokoitia [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]	Cyprus	300–600	2,000
Lepenski Vir	Serbia		150–1,000 [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
Nea Nikomedeia	Greece		500–700 [21]
Okoliste	Bosnia and Herzegovina			1,000–3,000 [22]
Vinča-Belo Brdo	Serbia			2,000–2,500 [23] [24]
Sesklo	Greece			1,000–5,000 [25] [26] [27] [28]
Dobrovody	Ukraine				16,000 [29]	10,000–16,000 [30] [31] [32]
Fedorovka	Ukraine				6,000 [29]
Mehrgarh	Pakistan	1,000–10,000 [33]
Maydanets	Ukraine					10,000 [29]	10,000–46,000 [a] [34]
Nebelivka	Ukraine				17,000 [29]
Talianki	Ukraine					15,000–25,000–30,000 [29] [35] [36]	10,000–15,000 [37] [38] [ unreliable source? ]
Tell Brak	Syria			4,000 [3]	5,000 [3]
Uruk	Iraq				5,000 [3]

Bronze Age

Further information: Cities of the Ancient Near East

Table 1: 3700–2600 BC

City	Location	3700 BC	3400 BC	3100 BC	2800 BC	2600 BC
Adab	Iraq				11,000 [39]
Anshan	Iran			10,000 [39]	10,000 [39]
Bad-tibira	Iraq				16,000 [39]
Eridu	Iraq	6,000–10,000 [39]
Habuba Kabira	Syria			6,000–8,000 [39]
Harappa	Pakistan					35,000 [40]
Kish	Iraq				40,000 [39]
Lagash	Iraq					40,000 [41]
Larak/Larsa	Iraq	10,000 [39]	10,000 [39]
Manika, Greece [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48]	Greece				6,000–15,000	6,000–15,000
Memphis	Egypt			30,000
Mohenjo-daro	Pakistan					41,250 [40]
Nekhen	Egypt		5,000–10,000 [39]
Nippur	Iraq				13,000 [39]
Shahr-i Sokhta	Iran			20,000 [2]
Shuruppak	Iraq				20,000 [39]
Suheri				13,000 [39]	10,000 [39]
Susa	Iran		8,000 [3]
Tell Brak	Syria		8,000 [3]	22,000 [39]	20,000 [39]
Thebes, Greece	Greece					4,000–6,000 [48]
Umma	Iraq				26,000 [39]
Ur	Iraq				6,000 [39]
Uruk	Iraq	8,000 [3] 14,000 [39]	20,000 [39]	40,000 [41] –50,000 [39]	80,000 [39]	80,000 [41]

Table 2: 2500–1200 BC

City	Location	2500 BC	2300 BC	2000 BC	1800 BC	1600 BC	1360 BC	1200 BC
Athens [49] [50]	Greece						10,000	10,000–15,000
Akrotiri (prehistoric city) [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58]	Greece					8,000–30,000
Adab	Iraq	13,000 [39]	10,000 [39]	10,000 [39]	10,000 [39]
Akkad	Iraq		36,000 [39]
Amarna	Egypt
Anshan	Iran	10,000 [39]	10,000 [39]	10,000 [39]	10,000 [39]
Avaris/Pi-Ramses	Egypt					100,000 [41]		160,000 [41]
Babylon	Iraq				65,000 [3]			80,000 [3]
Dur-Kurigalzu	Iraq
Ebla	Syria		30,000 [39]
Erlitou	China				24,000 [3] –35,000 [39]
Harappa	Pakistan		10,000 [39]
Hattusa	Turkey						40,000 [59]	40,000 [59]
Hazor	Israel
Heliopolis	Egypt
Heracleopolis	Egypt
Isin	Iraq			40,000 [39]	20,000 [39]
Kerma	Sudan
Kesh	Iraq	11,000 [39]
Kish	Iraq	25,000 [39]	10,000 [39]	40,000 [41]
Knossos [51] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69]	Greece	1,300–2,000		18,000		20,000	30,000
Lagash	Iraq	40,000 [39]	10,000 [39]	30,000 [39] [41]	10,000 [39]
Larak/Larsa	Iraq	10,000 [39]		40,000 [39]	20,000 [39]
Manika, Greece [48]	Greece	6,000–15,000	6,000–15,000
Malia	Greece					5,000–10,000–12,500 [51] [68]
Mari	Syria
Memphis	Egypt		30,000 [39] –35,000 [3]	60,000 [3] [39] [41]	30,000 [39]	22,000 [70]	32,000 [70]	50,000 [70]
Mohenjo-daro	Pakistan	20,000 [39]	20,000 [39]	10,000 [39]
Mozah		15,000 [39]	15,000 [39]
Mycenae	Greece		20,000 [71]				30,000–35,000 [65] [72]	30,000 [59]
Namazga-Tepe	Turkmenistan		14,000 [39]	14,000 [39]
Nekhen	Egypt					21,000 [59]
Niniveh	Iraq					23,000 [59]		33,000 [59]
Nippur	Iraq	20,000 [39]	10,000 [39]	10,000 [39]
Palaikastro	Greece					18,000 [51] [68]
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán	Mexico							7,500 [73]
Shahr-i Sokhta	Iran	20,000 [39]	20,000 [39]
Shuruppak	Iraq	17,000 [39]
Suheri		10,000 [39]	10,000 [39]	10,000 [39]
Susa	Iran			25,000 [39]	25,000 [39]
Taosi	China	10,000 [3]	14,000 [3]
Tell Brak	Syria	15,000 [39]	15,000 [39]
Tell Churra			20,000 [39]
Tell Leilan	Syria	20,000 [39]	20,000 [39]
Thebes	Egypt			40,000 [39]	40,000 [39]		80,000 [3]	80,000 [3]
Thebes, Greece [48] [74] [75]	Greece	4,000–6,000					8,000
Tiryns [48] [76] [49] [50]	Greece	1,200–1,800					10,000	10,000–15,000
Umma	Iraq	34,000 [39]	20,000 [39]	10,000 [39]	20,000 [39]
Ur	Iraq			60,000 [3] 65,000 [59]
Uruk	Iraq	50,000 [3] [39]				75,000 [3]
Yin (Anyang)	China							50,000 [3] –120,000 [41]
Zabala	Iraq		10,000 [39]	10,000 [39]	10,000 [39]
Zhengzhou	China						35,000 [3]

Iron Age

Table 1: 1000-400 BC

City	Location	1000 BC	900 BC	800 BC	700 BC	650 BC	600 BC	500 BC	430 BC	400 BC
Aegina	Greece							20,000–40,000 [77]		20,000–40,000
Anuradhapura	Sri Lanka								48,000 [59] [70]
Anyi								100,000 [41]		100,000 [41]
Athens [67] [78] [79] [80] [81]	Greece	2,500–5,000 [78]	2,500–5,000 [78]	2,500–5,000 [78]	10,000 [78]			20,000 [78]	40,000 [78]	25,000 [78]
Agrigento	Italy							40,000	40,000
Argos	Greece							30,000–60,000 [67] [79] [82] [83] [84] [85]		30,000–60,000
Ayodhya	India
Babylon	Iraq	45,000 [70] –100,000 [b]		47,000 [70]		60,000 [70]	125,000 [3]	150,000 [3]	200,000 [59]	150,000 [3]
Benares	India
Capua	Italy							100,000 [86] [87]		100,000
Cerveteri	Italy						25,000–40,000 [88] [89] [90] [91] [92]
Chicheng	China
Cuicuilco	Mexico
Corinth	Greece				5,000 [78]			20,000 [78]
Crotone	Italy							50,000–80,000 [93]
Ecbatana	Iran
Haojing	China	100,000 [b]	125,000 [41]	125,000 [41]		33,000 [59] [70]
Hastinapur	India
Jerusalem	Israel	40,000 [59] [70]							49,942 (445 BC) [59]
Kamarina	Italy								20,000
Kerch	Crimea Ukraine									40,000 [59] [70]
Kingchow	China
Kalḫu (Nimrud)	Iraq			75,000 [3]
Kosambi	India					55,000 [70]
Linzi	China				55,000–100,000 [3] [41]	80,000–100,000 [70] [41]	65,000–100,000 [3] [41]	80,000–100,000 [3] [41]	60,000–200,000 [70] [41]	100,000–200,000 [3] [41]
Luoyang	China	35,000 [3] [70] –100,000 [c] [d]	40,000 [3]	45,000 [3] –50,000 [70]	55,000 [3] –100,000 [41]	70,000 [70] –100,000 [41]	65,000 [3] –100,000 [41]	200,000 [41]	200,000 [41]	100,000 [3] –240,000 [41]
Marib	Yemen					45,000 [70]
Memphis	Egypt	35,000–100,000 [b] [70]		44,000 [70]			65,000 [70]		100,000 [70]
Metapontum	Italy							40,000
Miletus	Turkey
Niniveh	Iraq			39,000 [59]	100,000 [3]	120,000 [59]
Pataliputra / Patna	India									400,000 [3]
Populonia	Italy						25,000–40,000 [90] [91] [94] [95]
Pyongyang	North Korea
Tarquinia	Italy						20,000–40,000 [90] [91] [94] [95]
Thebes, Greece	Greece							30,000–60,000 [48] [74] [96] [97] [98]		30,000–60,000
Qufu	China							100,000 [41]		100,000 [41]
Rome	Italy	4,440 [99]						24,400–40,000 [99] [100]	27,200	28,960 [100]
Sais	Egypt
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán	Mexico	13,000 [101]	13,000 [101]
Shangqiu	China							100,000 [41]		130,000 [41]
Sravasti	India								46,000 [59]
Sparta	Greece							40,000–50,000 [102]
Susa	Iran	40,000 [59] [70]								200,000 [59] [70]
Suzhou	China									100,000 [41]
Syracuse	Italy							24,000–40,000 [103] [104] [105]	24,000–40,000 [79]	24,000–125,000 [70] [79]
Sybaris	Italy							100,000 [106]
Taranto	Italy									110,000–150,000 [107]
Thebes	Egypt	50,000 [3] –120,000 [b]	50,000 [3]
Vaisali	India
Veii	Italy						25,000–100,000 [90] [91] [94] [95]
Volsinii	Italy						13,000–40,000 [90] [91] [94] [95]
Vulci	Italy						15,000–40,000 [90] [91] [95]
Xiadu	China						100,000 [41]	100,000 [41]	320,000 [41]	300,000 [41]
Xintian	China							100,000 [41]
Xinzheng	China									100,000 [41]
Xue
Yong	China									100,000 [41]

Table 2: 300 BC-400 AD

City	Location	300 BC	200 BC	100 BC	AD 1	AD 100	AD 200	AD 300	AD 361	AD 400
Alexandria	Egypt	150,000 [3]	300,000 [3] [59] –600,000 [41]	400,000 [3]		250,000 [70] –500,000 [108]	500,000 [108]		125,000 [70] –200,000 [59]
Augsburg	Germany					25,000–50,000	25,000–50,000 [109]
Antioch	Turkey		120,000 [59]	400,000 [78]		150,000 [70] –250,000 [110]	250,000 [110]		150,000 [70]
Anuradhapura	Sri Lanka		68,000 [59] [70]			130,000 [59]			72,000 [70]
Anyi		100,000 [41]
Athens	Greece	25,000 [78]	10,000 [78]	10,000 [78]		90,000 [111]	90,000 [111]
Autun	France				40,000–100,000 [112] [113]	40,000–100,000
Arles	France					10,000 [114]	10,000 [114]			75,000 [115]
Ayodhya	India								63,000 [70]
Aquileia	Italy					12,000 [116]	12,000 [116]
Carnuntum	Austria					12,000 [110] –50,000 [117] [118]	12,000 [110] –50,000 [117] [118]
Capua	Italy		100,000	100,000 [86] [87]		25,000–40,000
Carthage	Tunisia		150,000–200,000 [59]			100,000 [59] –300,000 [119]	300,000 [119]
Chang'an/Xi'an	China		100,000–400,000 [41] [3] [59]	375,000–400,000 [3] [41]	246,000–500,000 [120] [41] [3]	81,000–100,000 [59] [70] [41]	120,000 [3]	140,000 [3]	80,000 [70]	100,000 [41]
Chengdu	China				100,000 [41]	70,000 [70]
Cổ Loa	Vietnam		40,000 [41]	50,000 [41]
Byzantium / Constantinople	Turkey						15,000	20,000	150,000	200,000
Corinth	Greece					40,000–100,000 [78] [110] [121]
Cologne	Germany					20,000–40,000 [122] [123]	20,000–40,000 [122] [124] [125]
Ctesiphon	Iraq								250,000 [70]
Cuicuilco	Mexico		36,000 [70]
Datong	China									100,000 [41]
El Mirador	Guatemala				200,000 [126]
Ephesus	Turkey					33,600 [110]
Izapa	Mexico		35,000 [70]
Kaushambi	India	90,000-180,000 [127]
Kaveri									59,000 [70]
Linzi	China	125,000–350,000 [3] [41]	100,000 [41]	100,000 [41]	100,000 [41]		100,000 [41]
London	UK					30,000	45,000–60,000 [128]
Lugdunum	France					25,000–50,000 [114] [129]	25,000–50,000 [114] [129]
Luoyang	China	125,000 [3] –240,000 [41]	60,000 [70]		200,000 [41]	420,000 [41] [70]		140,000 [3] –250,000 [41]		200,000 [41]
Mathura	India
Milan	Italy					30,000–40,000 [59]			100,000	25,000–100,000 [130] [131] [132]
Monte Albán	Mexico	5,200 [133]		17,200 [133]	17,200 [133]	17,200 [133]	17,200 [133]
Nanjing	China		56,000 [70]			78,000 [70]		100,000 [41]	150,000 [70]	300,000 [41]
Nimes	France						40,000–60,000 [134] [135] [136]
Ostia Antica	Italy					25,000 [109] –40,000 [116]	25,000–50,000 [109] [116] [137]
Paithan	India		60,000 [70]			84,000 [70]
Patala	Pakistan					73,000 [70]
Pataliputra	India		350,000 [59] –400,000 - 1,000,000 [127]			69,000 [59] [70]			250,000 [59]
Peshawar	Pakistan					120,000 [59]
Philippi	Greece				100,000 [138]
Pingcheng	China		88,000 [70]							200,000 [3]
Pozzuoli	Italy				30,000–50,000	30,000 [119] –50,000 [109]
Pyay	Myanmar								69,000 [70]
Qufu	China	100,000 [41] –125,000 [3]
Rajgir	India	100,000 [127]
Rhodes [139] [140] [141]	Greece	100,000–200,000	100,000
Rome	Italy	100,000 [100]	150,000–160,000 [70] [59]	400,000 [3]	1,000,000 [41] [3]	1,000,000 [3] [41]	1,000,000 [3]	800,000 [3]	800,000 [3]	800,000 [3]
Salona	Croatia					25,000 [122]	25,000 [122]
Seleucia	Iraq		200,000 [70]	400,000 [78]	250,000 (CE 2) [59]	150,000 [59] –250,000 [70]
Shangqiu	China	100,000 [41]
Srughna	India	100,000 [127]
Suzhou	China	100,000 [41]	66,000 [70]			95,000 [70]			58,000 [70]
Syracuse	Italy	50,000–100,000 [79]				90,000 [142]	90,000 [142]
Taxila	Pakistan		60,000 [70]
Teotihuacán	Mexico		60,000–80,000 [143]						90,000 [70]
Thessaloniki	Greece					30,000 [111]	30,000 [111]
Tikal	Guatemala								100,000 [144]
Tosali	India					16,000-47,000 [127]
Tres Zapotes	Mexico		30,000 [70]
Trier	Germany					10,000 [122]	10,000 [122] –50,000	50,000–100,000 [109] [115]	60,000
Ujjain	India	60,000 [127]	94,000 [70]						80,000 [70]
Vaishali	India					28,000-82,000 [127]
Vidisha	India	~100,000 [127]
Wanxian	China				100,000 [41]
Xiadu	China	300,000 [41]
Xianyang	China	100,000 [41]	100,000–300,000 [59]
Xinzheng	China	120,000 [41] –125,000 [3]
Xuchang	China							140,000 [3]
Ye	China							140,000 [3]	120,000 [70]	100,000 [41]

Middle Ages

Early Middle Ages: 500-999 AD

City	Location	500	600	622	700	775	800	900
Aleppo	Syria			72,000 [70]
Athens	Greece	110,000 [145]
Alexandria	Egypt			94,000 [70] –200,000 [59]	216,000 [59]		60,000–100,000	60,000–100,000
Angkor	Cambodia					80,000 [146]	100,000 [146]	90,000 [70] –150,000 [146]
Anhilpur	India							80,000 [70]
Antioch	Turkey	150,000 [70]
Anuradhapura	Sri Lanka			70,000 [70]
Arles	France						10,000 [147]
Ayodhya	India	75,000 [70]
Badami	India			70,000 [70]
Baghdad	Iraq						175,000 [3] [70]	150,000 [3]
Bakhalal	Mexico	45,000 [70]
Basra	Iraq						100,000 [70]
Benares	India			75,000-210,000 [148]			49,000 [70]	59,000 [70]
Carthage	Tunisia	100,000 [59] [70]
Chang'an / Xi'an	China	95,000 [70] [41] –400,000 [59]	400,000 [41] –600,000 [3]	400,000 [70]	1,000,000 [41]	1,000,000 [41] [59] [e]	600,000 [70] –1,000,000 [41] [3]	100,000 [41] –750,000 [70] [3]
Chengdu	China			94,000 [70]	100,000 [41]		100,000 [41]
Chenla	Cambodia			70,000 [70]
Chunar	India							72,000 [70]
Constantinople	Turkey	400,000 [3] –500,000 [59] [149]	150,000 [3]	150,000 [70]	125,000 [3]	40,000–50,000 [3]	40,000–50,000 [3]	150,000 [3]
Copán	Honduras						63,000 [70]
Cologne	Germany						15,000–20,000 [150]	21,000 [150]
Córdoba	Spain					135,000 [71]	160,000 [70]	110,000 [151] –175,000 [3]
Ctesiphon	Iraq	400,000 [70]		200,000 [152] –500,000 [70]
Dali	China							90,000 [70] –100,000 [41]
Đại La /Hanoi	Vietnam							25,000 [153]
Datong	China	200,000 [41]
Dorestad	Netherlands					1,000–2,500	1,000–2,500
El Pilar	Guatemala							182,600 [154]
El Tajín	Mexico			40,000 [70]			40,000 [70]	50,000 [70]
Fanyang (Youzhou)	China						100,000 [41]
Florence	Italy		1,000			2,000–2,500	5,000
Fustat	Egypt						100,000 [70]	150,000 [70]
Gao	Mali						72,000 [70]
Granada	Spain							20,000
Guangzhou	China				200,000 [41]		200,000 [41]
Gwalior	India	65,000 [70]
Huari/Wari	Peru						70,000 [155]
Jiankang	China	500,000 [41]
Jinyang (Taiyuan)	China				100,000 [41]		100,000 [41]
Kannauj	India			230,000	250,000	250,000	230,000 [70]	200,000 [70]
Kanchi	India	56,000 [70]		70,000 [70]			51,000 [70]
Kyoto	Japan					200,000 [156]	100,000–200,000 [70] [41]	200,000 [41] [59]
Laon	France							28,000 [157]
Lhasa	China						100,000 [41] [70]
London	UK						10,000–12,000
Luoyang	China	200,000 [70] –500,000 [41]	500,000 [41]	200,000 [70]	500,000 [41]		300,000 [70] –400,000 [41]	150,000 [70] –200,000 [41]
Lyon	France						12,000 [158]
Madurai	India			70,000 [70]			70,000 [70]
Mainz	Germany						20,000 [150]	30,000 [150]
Mandsaur	India	63,000 [70]
Manyakheta	India							100,000 [70] –200,000 [159]
Metz	France						25,000 [160]	14,000 [160]
Milan	Italy	30,000					25,000 [161]	30,000 (875) [162]
Naples	Italy					30,000 [162]	30,000 [162]	30,000 [162]
Nanjing	China	150,000 [70] –500,000 [41]
Nara	Japan						100,000 [41]
Orléans	France						10,000 [147]
Padua	Italy						15,000 [147]
Paris	France						10,000–30,000 [59]	20,000
Patna / Pataliputra	India	500,000	300,000		100,000		74,000 [70]
Pavia	Italy						15,000–20,000 [59]
Poitiers	France		5,000–9,000 [59]	5,000–9,000 [59]	5,000–9,000 [59]	10,000 [59]	10,000 [59]
Preslav	Bulgaria							40,000–60,000 [71]
Prambanan	Indonesia						60,000 [70]	62,000 [70]
Provins	France						10,000
Pyay	Myanmar	73,000 [70]		100,000 [70]
Pliska	Bulgaria						34,000 [163]
Ray	Iran			68,000 [70]
Regensburg	Germany						25,000 [150]	25,000
Reims	France						20,000 [59]
Rennes	France						10,000
Rome	Italy	100,000	50,000 [164] –90,000 [165]	50,000 [164]	50,000 [164]	50,000 [164]	50,000 [166] [59]	20,000–30,000 [164]
Rouen	France						10,000
Seville	Spain	20,000	40,000		35,000		35,000	40,000–52,000 [71]
Sialkot	Pakistan	85,000 [70]
Speyer	Germany						20,000
Suzhou	China	70,000 [70]	120,000 [41]		100,000 [41]		84,000 [70] –100,000 [41]	81,000 [70] –100,000 [41]
Teotihuacán	Mexico	125,000 [70] [143]		60,000 [70]
Thessaloniki	Greece	100,000	40,000		40,000		50,000	50,000 [71]
Tikal	Guatemala	45,000 [70]					40,000 [70]
Toledo	Spain						25,000	28,000
Toulouse	France						10,000 [59]
Tours	France				17,000 [59]		20,000 [59]
Tula	Mexico						41,000 [70]	50,000 [70]
Trier	Germany					10,000 [59]	15,000 [59]	15,000–25,000 [150]
Venice	Italy							37,000 [59]
Verona	Italy						30,000 [59]	25,000
Worms	Germany						10,000
Wuchang	China		100,000 [41]				84,000 [70]
Ye	China	200,000 [41]

Later Middle Ages: 1000–1399

City	Location	1000	1100	1150	1200	1250	1300	1350
Angkor	Cambodia	200,000 [70] 400,000 [146]	125,000 [70] 550,000 [146]	140,000 [70] 600,000 [146]	150,000 [70] 650,000 [146]	650,000 [146]
Amalfi	Italy	35,000 [167] –80,000 [71]					10,000–15,000 [59]
Ani	Turkey	100,000 [168] –200,000 [169]
Anhilpur	India	100,000 [70]	100,000 [70]	135,000 [70]
Antioch	Turkey			40,000	40,000
L'Aquila	Italy						40,000
Bagan	Myanmar		100,000 [70]	150,000 [70]	180,000 [70]	180,000 [70]
Baghdad	Iraq	125,000 [59]	150,000 [70]		250,000 [3]	150,000 [59]
Beijing	China				130,000 [70]	140,000 [70]	401,000 [70]	400,000 [70]
Berlin	Germany				2,400	1,200–2,000	4,000–7,000
Bologna	Italy					50,000	50,000	23,000
Braunschweig	Germany	10,000 [150]			21,000 [59]
Bruges	Belgium	12,000 [150]	15,000 [59]		25,000 [59]	36,000 [59]	50,000 [59]
Cahokia	Illinois, USA		10,200–15,300 [170]	25,000 [171]	20,000–30,000 [172]
Cairo	Egypt	135,000 [70]	150,000 [70]	175,000 [70]	200,000 [70] –250,000 [3]	300,000 [70]	400,000 [3] [70]	350,000 [70]
Chang'an / Xi'an	China						118,000 [70]	114,000 [70]
Chartres	France				7,000
Chunar	India	66,000 [70]
Cologne	Germany	21,000 [173]	25,000–35,000 [59]		32,000–60,000 [174]	52,000–60,000 [173]	40,000–60,000 [124] [125] [174]	57,000 (1333) [173]
Constantinople	Turkey	150,000 [3]	200,000 [70] –250,000 [3]	200,000 [70]	150,000 [70] –250,000 [3]	100,000 [175]	150,000 [175]	80,000 [175]
Córdoba	Spain	110,000 [151] [3]	60,000 (1103) [176]	60,000 [176]	60,000 [176]		40,000 [176]
Cuttack	India					100,000 [70]	90,000 [70]	90,000 [70]
Dali	China	90,000 [70] 100,000 [41]	100,000 [70]
Delhi	India		10,000 [177]		60,000 [177]	80,000 [70]	100,000 [70] [177]	125,000 [177]
Dhar	India		80,000 [70]
Dwarasamudra	India	30,000				120,000	150,000
Edessa	Turkey		25,000
Erfurt	Germany	10,000 [150]			21,000 [59]		32,000 [59]
Fanyang (Youzhou)	China	100,000 [41]
Fes	Morocco	75,000 [59]	125,000 [70]	160,000 [70]	200,000 [70] –250,000 [59]	200,000 [70]	150,000 [70] –200,000 [59]	125,000 [70]
Florence	Italy	13,000	20,000		30,000	50,000–110,000 [178]	60,000–120,000 [59] [179]	40,000
Gangaikonda Cholapuram	India	200,000	300,000	300,000	250,000	150,000
Gaur	India				60,000 [70]	90,000 [70]	100,000 [70]
Genoa	Italy	15,000 [59] –80,000 [178]			30,000 [59]	100,000 [180]	100,000 [59]
Ghent	Belgium	8,000 [150]	12,000 [59]		25,000 [59]	65,000 [181]	42,000 [59] –65,000	57,000 [59]
Guangzhou	China					140,000 [70]	150,000 [70]	150,000 [70]
Hangzhou	China	80,000 [70]	90,000 [70]	145,000 [70] –800,000 [3]	255,000 [70] –1,000,000 [3]	320,000 [70] –1,000,000 [41]	432,000 [70] –800,000 [3]	432,000 [70]
Ile-Ife	Nigeria							75,000–105,000 [182]
Jinzhou	China	85,000 [70]
Kaifeng	China	400,000 [41] [59] –1,000,000 [3]	442,000 [70] –1,000,000 [3]	150,000 [70]		1,000,000 [41]
Kalburgi	India							70,000 [70]
Kalyan	India		150,000 [70]	125,000 [70]
Kannauj	India	72,000 [70]	80,000 [70]	92,000 [70]
Khajuraho (Kalinjar)	India	100,000 [59]			50,000 [70]
Khambhat	India				50,000 [70]	60,000 [70]
Kyiv	Ukraine	45,000 [59]	48,000 [59] –100,000 [167]		36,000–50,000 [59]
Kollam	India							60,000 [70]
Kyoto	Japan	175,000 [41] –300,000 [59]
Laon	France	25,000 [157]
London [183]	UK	20,000–25,000	10,000–20,000		20,000–30,000		80,000–100,000 [184]	25,000–50,000
Lübeck	Germany				6,000			18,800
Madurai	India						60,000 [70]
Mainz	Germany	30,000 [59]	30,000 [59]	25,000 [59]	25,000 [59]	25,000 [59]	24,000 [59]
Manyakheta	India	71,000 [70]
Marrakech	Morocco		150,000 [70]	150,000 [70]	150,000 [70]	125,000 [70]
Marseille	France	6,000–7,000 [59]			25,000 [59]		40,000 [59]
Merv	Turkmenistan			200,000 [70]	70,000 [59]
Metz	France	16,000	21,000 [59]		23,000–27,000 [59]		32,000 [59]
Milan	Italy	15,000 [164]	45,000	58,000 (1170) [59]	60,000 [59] –100,000 [164]	150,000	150,000–200,000 [184] [164] [185] [186]	50,000–200,000 [178] [185] [186] [131]
Montpellier	France						40,000–50,000 [184]
Nabadwip	India			85,000 [70]
Nanjing	China			130,000 [70]	130,000 [70]	130,000 [70]	95,000 [70]
Naples	Italy	30,000 [59]	30,000 [59]	30,000 [59]	30,000 [59]	30,000–36,000 (1278) [59]	40,000 [59] –100,000	60,000 (1340) [59]
Nishapur	Iran	125,000 [70]
Norwich	UK						20,000–25,000
Padua	Italy			15,000 [184]			35,000 [184]
Palermo	Italy	60,000 [151] –75,000		150,000	150,000 [70]	50,000 (1277) [59]	40,000 [59] –100,000 [184]
Paris	France	20,000 [187]	50,000–65,000 [188] [189] [190] [191]		110,000 [187]	160,000 [70]	200,000–270,000 (1328) [192]	215,000 [70]
Polonnaruwa	Sri Lanka				75,000 [70]
Prague	Czech Republic	10,000 [150]			22,000 [59]		40,000 [59]	50,000 [59]
Puri	India			78,000 [70]	72,000 [70]
Ramavati			75,000 [70]
Regensburg	Germany	40,000 [150] [167]	30,000
Rome	Italy	35,000 [59] [167]	30,000–40,000 [164]	30,000–40,000 [164]	40,000 [164]		40,000–50,000 [164]	15,000 [193] –17,000 [59]
Rouen	France	20,000 [59]	20,000 [59]		30,000–40,000 [59]	50,000 [59]	40,000–50,000 [59] [184]
Salerno	Italy	50,000 [194]	50,000 [59]	50,000			10,000 (1320) [59]
Sarai	Russia							120,000 [70]
Seville	Spain	52,000					40,000–50,000 [184]
Shangjing	China	140,000 [41]
Speyer	Germany	25,000	30,000 [59]	30,000 [59]	30,000 [59]	30,000 [59]	25,000 [59]
Suzhou	China	100,000 [41]						96,000 [70]
Tabriz	Iran						125,000 [70]	100,000 [70]
Thanjavur	India	200,000 [70]	250,000	200,000
Thăng Long/Hanoi	Vietnam		30,000 [153]				40,000 [153]
Thessaloniki	Greece	40,000 [59]	40,000 [59]	40,000 [59]	30,000 [59]		50,000 [59] –100,000 [195]	50,000–150,000 [167] [196]
Toledo	Spain	37,000			35,000		42,000
Toulouse	France						35,000
Trier	Germany	20,000 [150]	20,000 [59]	20,000 [59]	25,000 [59]
Venice	Italy	45,000–60,000 [130] [197] [198] [199]	58,000	64,000–70,000 [59]	70,000–80,000 [185] [59]	45,000 [180]	100,000–120,000 [70] [185]	65,228 (1363)
Veliky Novgorod	Russia	10,000–18,000			20,000–40,000		50,000 [200] [201]
Verona	Italy	10,000			20,000–25,000	20,000–25,000	35,000–40,000
Vijayanagar	India							200,000
Warangal	India					63,000 [70]	80,000 [70]
Worms	Germany	20,000 [150]			28,000 [59]	25,000 [59]	20,000 [59]
York	UK		8,000 [184]				23,000 [184]
Ypres	Belgium					40,000–200,000 [202]	30,000 [59]

Renaissance: 1400–1599

City	1400	1450	1500	1550	1575
Aachen			15,000 [203]
Adrianople / Edirne	28,000 [59]	85,000 [59]	125,000 [59]	160,000 [59]	183,000 [59]
Agra				250,000	500,000
Ahmedabad		70,000 [59]	80,000 [59] –100,000 [70]	140,000 [70] –175,000 [59]	300,000
Ahmednagar				70,000 [70]
Alessandria				8,000 [204]
Antwerp	18,000 (1374)	20,000 (1444)	40,000 [203]	90,000 [203]	104,984 (1568) [59] [70]
Asti				8,000 [204]
Augsburg	14,000 (1408) [205]	17,000 (1471) [205]	20,000 [203]	45,000 [203]
Ayutthaya			150,000 [206]	150,000 [206]	10,000 (1569) [206]
Bago				150,000 [70]	175,000 [70]
Beijing	150,000 [70]	600,000 [70]	672,000 [70]	690,000 [70]	706,000 [70]
Bologna	40,000 [207]		55,000 [204]	61,731 (1569) [207] [204]	72,395 (1588) [207]
Brescia	27,000 [207]	30,000 (1440) [207]	49,000 [204]	41,000 [204]
Bursa	95,000 [59]	130,000 [70]
Bruges	37,000 [185]	25,000	30,000 [203]	35,000 [203]	29,000 (1584) [208]
Cairo	125,000–360,000 [3] [70]	380,000 [70]	400,000 [3] [59]	360,000 [70]	275,000 [70]
Chan Chan		60,000–100,000 [209]			5,000–10,000 [210]
Chang'an / Xi'an	150,000 [59]	150,000 [59]	127,000 [70]	150,000 [59]
Cologne	40,000 [59]		30,000 [203]	35,000 [203]	37,000 [59]
Como			10,000 [204]	10,000 [204]
Constantinople / Istanbul	75,000 [59]	40,000–50,000 [196]	200,000 [59]	660,000 [70]	680,000 [70]
Crema				11,000 [204]
Cremona	35,000 [211]		40,000 [204]	34,000 [204]
Cuneo				6,000 [204]
Cuttack	75,000 [70]	100,000 [70]	140,000 [70]	90,000 [70]
Cusco			45,000 [212]
Delhi			80,000 [70] –100,000 [177]	160,000 [177]	160,000 [177]
Fes	125,000 [70]	150,000 [59]	130,000 [70]
Florence	45,000–61,000 [59] [178] [213]	54,000 (1470) [59]	55,000–70,000 [194] [178] [214]	59,216 (1562) [59]
Fossano				9,000 [204]
Gao			60,000 [70]
Gaur		150,000 [70]	200,000 [70]
Ghent	70,000 [59]		40,000 [203]	50,000 [203]
Genoa	80,000–100,000 [178] [179]	120,000 (1460) [59]	60,000 [204]	65,000 [204]
Granada	100,000 [59]	165,000 [70]	70,000 [194] [59]
Guangzhou	150,000 [70]	175,000 [70]	150,000 [70]	160,000 [70]	170,000 [70]
Gwalior				80,000 [70]
Hangzhou	235,000 [70]	250,000 [70]	250,000 [59]	260,000 [70]	260,000 [70]
Hanoi			50,000 [153]
Jaunpur		100,000 [70]
Kalburgi	90,000 [70]
Kano			50,000 [70]
Khambhat	60,000 [70]
Kollam	60,000 [70]
Lodi				9,000 [204]
London [183]	45,000 [59]	75,000 [59]	40,000 [215]	80,000 [215]
Lyon	20,000–35,000 [59]	60,000 [59]	50,000 [216]	70,000 [216]
Lübeck	17,200	21,568	25,444	22,452
Magdeburg	20,000 [59]	24,000 [59]	18,000 [217]	40,000 [59]
Mandu		70,000 [70]
Mantua			28,000 [204]	38,000 [204]
Milan	125,000 [180] [185]	110,000 [59]	100,000 [204]	69,000 [204]	115,000 (1574)
Modena			18,000 [204]	16,000 [204]
Nanjing	487,000 [70]	150,000 [70]	157,000 [70]	182,000 [70]	188,000 [70]
Naples	40,000–100,000 [59] [179]	60,000 (1435) [59]	125,000 [218] –150,000 [219]	212,000 [219]	215,000 [70]
Novara				7,000 [204]
Nuremberg	18,000 [59]	25,982 (1449) [59]	36,000 [217]	40,000 [217]
Oyo-Ile		150,000	60,000 [70]
Padua			27,000 [204]	32,000 [204]
Paris	100,000 (1422) [220]	150,000 [70]	100,000 [216]	130,000 [216]	220,000 [70]
Parma			19,000 [204]	25,000 [204]
Pavia			16,000 [204]	13,000 [204]
Piacenza				27,000 [204]
Prague	40,000		30,000
Rome	33,000 [221]	33,500 (1458) [221]	38,000 [221] –55,000 [219]	45,000 [219]	80,000 (1580)
Rouen			40,000 [216]	65,000 [216]
Samarkand	130,000 [70]
Seoul	100,000 [59]	125,000 [70]	150,000 [59]		125,000 [59]
Seville	15,000 (1384) [222]		60,000 [222]	65,000	109,000 (1565) [222]
Suzhou	129,000 [70]
Tabriz	150,000 [70]	200,000 [70]	250,000 [70]
Tenochtitlan/Mexico City			200,000-400,000 [223] [224] [225]	60,000 [59]
Texcoco			60,000 [70]
Venice	85,000–200,000 [178] [179]	150,000 (1423) [185]	100,000 [204]	158,000 [204]	134,871 (1581)
Verona	14,800		38,000 [204]	52,000 [204]
Vijayanagar	400,000 [70]	550,000 [70]	500,000 [226] - 1,000,000 [227]

Early Modern era

City	1600	1650	1700	1750	1800	1825	1850	1875
Aachen	14,171 (1601)	12,000 [203]	15,000 [203]		24,000 [203]	35,428	56,190 (1849) [205]	79,606
Adrianople/Edirne	160,000 [59]	132,000 [59]	93,000 [59]	96,000 [59]	100,000 [59]	125,000 [59]	85,000 [59]
Alexandria			15,000 (1693)	6,000 (1777)	4,000 (1798)	12,528 (1828)	138,000	212,000 [228]
Antwerp	47,000 [203]	70,000 [203]	70,000 [203]	46,000 [203]	60,000 [203]		88,000 [229]	127,000 [229]
Agra	500,000 [59]	660,000 [59]			60,000 [59]		108,000 [59]	149,008 (1872) [230]
Ahmedabad	300,000 [59]	380,000 [59]	400,000 [70]	120,000 [59]	89,000 [59]	87,000 (1824)	94,390 (1846)	116,873 (1872) [230]
Amsterdam	59,551 [231]	176,873 [231]	235,224	233,952 [70]	203,485	197,231 (1820)	223,700 [229]	289,000 [228]
Augsburg	48,000 [203]	21,000 [203]	21,000 [203]	31,000 [205]	28,000 [203]		35,000 [205]	57,210
Ayutthaya	100,000 [206]	125,000 [232]	150,000 [206]	150,000 [206]			30,000 [206]
Baltimore					26,514	80,620 (1830)	169,054	299,000 [228]
Barcelona	64,000	64,000	73,000	70,000	120,000	120,000	167,000	240,000 [228]
Beijing	706,000 [59]	470,000 [70]	650,000 [59]	900,000 [70]	1,100,000 [41] [59]	1,350,000 [70]	1,648,000 [70]	1,310,000 [59]
Berlin	25,000 [203]	12,000 [203]	55,000 [203]	113,289 [233]	172,132 [233]	220,277	446,000	1,045,000 [228]
Birmingham	2,000 [215]	4,000 [215]	7,000 [215]	23,688 [234]	73,670 (1801) [234]	122,000	294,000	480,000 [228]
Bombay				100,000		163,000 (1826)		718,000 [228]
Bordeaux	40,000 [235]	40,000 [235]	50,000 [235]	67,000 [235]	88,000 [235]		142,000 [236]	225,000 [228]
Boston			6,700	20,000	35,248	61,392 (1830)	202,261	450,000 [228]
Breslau (Wrocław)	33,000–40,000 [59] [237]	37,000 [59]	40,000 [59]	52,000 [59]	64,520 [59]	89,500 (1831)	114,000 [59]	239,050 [59]
Bristol	10,549 [238]	15,000-20,000 [238]	25,000 [238]	43,275 [239]	62,452 [239]	94,180 [239]	137,528 [239]	206,874 (1881) [239]
Brussels	55,000 [59]	70,000 [59]	70,000 [59]	55,000 [59] –60,000 [229]	66,297 [59] [229]		208,000 [59] –251,000 [229]	327,000 [228]
Bucharest	60,000 [240]		50,000 [240]	25,000 [240]	34,000 [240]		104,000 [240]	177,646 (1878) [241]
Budapest	25,000 [242]			24,000 [242]	54,000 [242]		156,506 [242]	325,000 [228]
Cairo	200,000 [70]	350,000 [243]	350,000 [243]	300,000 [243]	210,960	257,783	267,160	345,028
Calcutta				200,000		230,000 (1822)		680,000 [228]
Chicago						100 (1830)	29,963	405,000 [228]
Cologne	40,000 [203]	45,000 [203]	42,000 [203]	43,000 [203] [229]	42,000 [203]	59,049	94,781 (1849) [229]	135,371
Copenhagen	40,000 [59]	29,000	62,000 [59]	93,000 [229]	101,000 [229]	108,000 [59]	150,000	241,000 [228]
Danzig	50,000 [217]	70,000 [217]	50,000 [217]	46,000 [217]	40,000 [217]	61,900	65,000 [59]	90,500 (1874)
Delhi		200,000 [177]	500,000 [177]	100,000 [177]	125,000 [177]	150,000 [177]	156,000 [177]	154,417 (1872) [244]
Dhaka	200,000 [59]	200,000 [59]	200,000 [59]	135,000 [59]	110,000 [59]	66,989 (1830) [59]	60,617 [59]	51,536 (1869) [59]
Dresden	14,793 (1603)	16,000 (1648)	21,298 (1699)	63,209 (1755)	61,794	61,886 (1830)	94,092 (1849)	197,295 [228]
Dublin	5,000 [245]	17,000 [245]	60,000 [245] –80,000 [246]	90,000 [245] –128,570 (1753) [246]	167,899 (1802) [245]	194,000 [247]	263,000 [248]	310,000 [228]
Edinburgh			35,000	55,000	82,000	145,000	194,000	274,000 [228]
Edo (Tokyo)	60,000 [70]	430,000	688,000 [70]	509,000 [59]	685,000 [70]	530,000 [59]	567,000 [59]	780,000 [228]
Esfahān	125,000 [59]	350,000 [70]	350,000 [70]	60,000 [59]	50,000 [59]		60,000 [59]	76,088 (1870)
Genoa	71,000 [204]	90,000 [204]	80,000 [204]	87,000 [204]	91,000 [204]	83,569 (1822)	100,696	130,269 (1872)
Glasgow [249]	7,000	14,000	14,000	23,500 [229]	77,000 [229]	170,000	346,000	635,000 [228]
Guangzhou	180,000 [70]	200,000 [70]	200,000 [70]	400,000 [70]	800,000 [70]	900,000 [70]	875,000 [70]	944,000 [59]
Hangzhou	270,000 [70]	281,000 [70]	303,000 [70]	340,000 [70]	387,000 [70]	410,000 [70]	700,000 [59]	50,000 (1864)
Hanoi	40,000 [153]	100,000 [250]	100,000 [250]		75,000 [250]	81,000 [250]	51,000 [153]	255,000 [251]
Huế						60,000 [153]		50,325 [153]
Ho Chi Minh City/Saigon		24,000				50,000 [153]	50,000 [153]	180,661 (1902) [252]
Hyderabad	80,000 [253]	90,000 [232]	200,000 [253]	225,000 [253]	200,000 [253]	200,000 [253]	200,000 [253]	350,000 [253]
Iași (Jassy)				20,000 [240]	20,000 [240]		50,000 [240]	72,000 (1877) [254]
Constantinople/Istanbul	400,000–700,000 [3] [70]	700,000 [70]	600,000–700,000 [3] [70]	625,000 [70]	570,000 [70]	675,000 [70]	785,000 [70]	827,750 (1874)
Hamburg	40,000 [237]	75,000	70,000 [59]	75,000–90,000 [255] [59]	130,000 [255]	124,838 (1830)	193,000 [59]	348,000 [228]
Kagoshima		50,000	51,000 [59]	57,000 [59]	67,000 [70]	72,350 [59]	72,000 [59]	89,374 (1873)
Kanazawa	50,000 [59]	55,106 [59]	67,000 [70]	78,000 [59]	97,000 [59]	103,000 [59]	116,000 [59]	109,685 (1873)
Kyoto	300,000 [70]	350,000 [256]	350,000 [257] [70]	362,000 [248]	377,000 [258]	350,000 [247]	323,000 [248]	238,663 (1873) [259]
Königsberg		40,000 (1663)	40,600 (1708)	60,000 [215]	59,000 [215]	67,125	79,887 (1852)	122,636
Lahore	350,000 [59]	200,000 [59]					94,000 [59]	99,000 (1872) [259]
Leipzig	20,000	14,000 (1648)	15,653 (1699)	35,000	32,146	41,506	62,374 (1849)	209,000 [228]
Lisbon	110,000 [59]	165,000 (1639) [59]	188,000 [59]	148,000–213,000 [255] [59]	180,000–237,000 [255] [59]	249,000 [59]	240,000–259,000 [255] [59]	235,000 (1870) [255]
Liverpool			5,714	22,000 [255]	77,653 (1801) [255]	170,000 [59]	375,955 (1851) [260]	650,000 [228]
London	200,000 [215]	400,000 [215]	575,000 [215]	675,000 [215]	865,000 [215]	1,335,000 [70]	2,320,000 [70]	4,241,000 [70]
Lyon	40,000 [216]	75,000 [216]	97,000 [216]	114,000 [255]	102,167 (1793)	115,841 (1820)	254,000	331,000 [228]
Lübeck	22,570	31,068	19,978	17,644	24,631	25,600	26,098	44,799
Madras		15,000		55,000	125,000	172,000	310,000	400,000 [228]
Madrid	49,000 [261]	130,000 [261]	110,000 [261]	109,000 [255] [261]	167,000 [261]	181,400 (1826) [59]	263,000 [255] [59]	407,000 [228]
Manchester		5,000 [215]	9,000 [215]	18,000 [215]	70,000 [215]	155,000	412,000	590,000 [228]
Marseille	40,000 [216]	66,000 [216]	75,000 [216]	68,000 [216] [255]	78,000 [216]	119,000 [59]	193,000 [59]	316,000 [228]
Mexico City	75,000 [59]	90,000 [59]	100,000 [59]	110,000 [59]	128,000 [59]	176,000 [59]	170,000 [260] [59]	250,000 [59]
Milan [180]	120,000 [204]	100,000 [204]	124,000 [204]	123,618 [59] [255] [204]	134,528 [59] [204]	168,000 [59]	193,000 [59]	277,000 [228]
Moscow	80,000 [59]	200,000 (1638)	130,000 [59]	130,000–161,000 [255] [59]	238,000 [59]	241,500	373,800 [260]	601,969 (1871)
Munich	20,000 [217]	10,000 [217]	21,000 [217]	32,000 [217] [255]	34,000 [217]	62,290	96,398	198,000 [228]
Nagoya	65,000 [59]		65,000 [70]	96,000 [59]	92,000 [70]		116,000	125,193 (1873) [259]
Nanjing	194,000 [70]	178,000 [70]	300,000 [59]	285,000 [59]	220,000 [59]	200,000 [59]	300,000 [59]
Naples	400,000 [219]	176,000 [219]	216,000 [219]	305,000 [219]	427,000 [219]	350,000 [70]	413,000 [260] –416,000 [59]	450,000 [228]
New Orleans					8,056	46,082 (1830)	116,375	210,000 [228]
New York City			4,436 (1703)	13,296 (1749)	63,000	170,000	682,000	1,900,000 [70]
Nuremberg	40,000 [217]	25,000 [217]	40,000 [217]	30,000 [217] [255]	27,000 [217] [255]		54,000 [255]	91,017
Osaka	200,000–360,000 [70]	220,000	350,000–380,000 [70] [262] [263]	400,000 (1749)	383,000–500,000 (1783) [59] [262]	340,000 [59]	300,000	320,000 [228]
Palermo	105,000 [264] [219]	128,000 [232]	100,000 [219]	118,000 [219]	139,000 [219]	168,000 [247]	182,000 [248]	219,000 [228]
Paris	220,000 [216]	430,000 [216]	510,000 [216]	576,000 [216]	581,000 [216]	855,000 [70]	1,314,000 [70]	2,250,000 [70]
Philadelphia			4,400	14,563 (1753)	68,200	138,000	426,221	791,000 [228]
Prague	60,000	25,000	39,000 [265]	58,000 [266] [265]	77,403 [59] [266] [265]	98,000	117,000 [266]	223,371 (1869)
Rio de Janeiro			20,000	29,000	44,000		166,419	274,000 [228]
Rome	105,000 [219]	124,000 [219]	138,000 [219]	156,000 [219]	163,000 [219]	138,000	170,000	252,000 [228]
Rouen	60,000 [216]	82,000 [216]	64,000 [216]	67,000 [216]	81,000 [216]	92,083 (1836)	104,142 (1851) [267]	104,902 (1876)
Saint Petersburg				138,000 [268]	220,200 [268]	438,000 [70]	502,000 [268]	764,000 [228]
Seoul		150,000 [70]	158,000 [70]	187,000 [70]	190,000 [59]	192,000 [59]	194,000 [59]
Seville	121,000 (1597) [222]	65,000 [261]	96,000 [261]	66,000 [261] [266]	96,000 [261]	75,000 (1820)	106,000 [266]	133,247 (1877)
Shanghai			45,000	60,000	100,000	115,000	250,000	400,000 [228]
Sunpu	100,000 [70]							31,555 (1873) [269]
St. Louis					925 (1799)	4,977 (1830)	77,860	338,000 [228]
Suzhou	175,000 [59]	145,000 [59]	245,000 [59]	302,000 [59]	243,000 [70]	302,000 [70]	550,000 [59]	250,000 [59]
Turin	24,000 [204]	37,000 [204]	42,000 [204]	57,000 [204]	82,000 [204]	109,000 [247]	138,000 [248]	216,000 [228]
Warsaw	35,000 [270]		21,000 [270]	28,000 [270]	75,000 [270]	124,000 [247]	163,000 [270]	311,000 [228]
Venice [180]	139,000 [204]	120,000 [204]	138,000 [204]	149,000 [204]	138,000 [204]	109,927	106,000 [266]	129,676
Vienna [271] [272]	50,000 [265]	60,000 [265]	114,000 [265]	175,400 [265]	231,000 [265]	401,200	551,300	1,020,770
Xi'an	138,000 [70]	147,000 [59]	167,000 [70]	195,000 [70]	224,000 [70]	259,000 [70]	275,000 [59]	250,000 [59]
Yamaguchi	80,000 [70]

20th Century

City	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000
Algiers [273]	516,000	872,000	1,281,000	1,621,000	1,797,000	2,141,000
Baghdad [274]	579,000	1,019,000	2,070,000	3,145,000	4,092,000	5,200,000
Bangkok [275]	1,360,000	2,151,000	3,110,000	4,723,000	5,889,000	6,395,000
Barcelona [276]	1,809,000	2,468,000	3,482,000	3,837,000	4,101,000	4,355,000
Beijing [277]	1,671,365	3,900,441	4,426,045	5,366,372	6,787,737	10,285,091
Berlin [278]	3,338,000	3,260,000	3,206,000	3,056,000	3,422,000	3,384,000
Bogotá [277]	630,315	1,268,645	2,383,425	3,525,154	4,740,448	6,329,384
Brussels [279]	1,415,000	1,485,000	1,568,000	1,654,000	1,695,000	1,783,000
Buenos Aires [277]	5,166,140	6,761,837	8,416,170	9,919,781	11,147,566	12,503,871
Cairo [277]	2,493,514	3,680,160	5,584,507	7,348,778	9,892,143	13,625,565
Caracas [280]	694,000	1,316,000	2,060,000	2,575,000	2,767,000	2,864,000
Casablanca [281]	625,000	967,000	1,505,000	2,109,000	2,682,000	3,134,000
Chicago [282]	4,999,000	6,183,000	7,106,000	7,216,000	7,374,000	8,315,000
Delhi [277]	1,369,369	2,282,962	3,530,693	5,587,014	9,384,209	15,691,899
Dhaka [277]	335,760	507,920	1,373,718	3,265,663	6,620,697	10,284,947
Hong Kong [283]	1,980,524	3,114,671	3,955,072	4,978,544	5,838,574	6,731,195
Istanbul [277]	967,497	1,453,353	2,772,095	4,397,037	6,552,160	8,743,868
Jakarta [277]	1,452,000	2,678,740	3,915,406	5,984,256	8,174,756	8,389,759
Johannesburg [284]	911,000	1,148,000	1,443,000	1,555,000	1,879,000	3,046,000
Karachi [277]	1,055,380	1,853,325	3,118,723	5,047,815	7,147,064	9,825,295
Kinshasa (from 1881 to 1966, Léopoldville) [277]	201,905	442,853	1,069,714	2,052,874	3,683,274	6,140,419
Kolkata [277]	4,604,143	5,910,210	7,329,372	9,100,166	10,974,177	13,097,153
Lagos [277]	325,218	762,418	1,413,528	2,572,218	4,764,093	7,280,706
London [285]	8,361,000	8,196,000	7,509,000	6,751,000	6,794,000	7,273,000
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana [277]	4,045,514	6,529,638	8,377,684	9,511,568	10,883,429	11,798,345
Madrid [286]	1,700,000	2,392,000	3,521,000	4,253,000	4,414,000	5,014,000
Manila [277]	1,543,666	2,273,734	3,534,309	5,954,719	7,972,799	9,957,962
Melbourne [287]	1,332,000	1,851,000	2,499,000	2,839,000	3,154,000	3,361,000
Mexico City [277]	3,365,081	5,479,184	8,830,947	13,027,620	15,642,318	18,457,028
Miami [288]	622,000	1,361,000	2,141,000	3,122,000	3,969,000	4,933,000
Milan [289]	1,883,000	2,395,000	3,017,000	3,168,000	3,063,000	2,985,000
Montreal [290]	1,343,000	2,031,000	2,684,000	2,824,000	3,154,000	3,429,000
Moscow [277]	5,356,392	6,169,961	7,106,457	8,136,141	8,986,631	10,004,523
Mumbai [277]	3,088,811	4,414,904	6,412,876	9,199,543	12,355,090	16,146,526
Munich [291]	831,000	1,060,000	1,294,000	1,299,000	1,218,000	1,202,000
New York-Newark [277]	12,338,471	14,163,521	16,191,179	15,601,401	16,085,600	17,813,372
Osaka [277]	7,005,284	10,614,841	15,271,510	17,027,548	18,388,782	18,660,022
Paris [277]	6,283,018	7,410,735	8,208,121	8,669,349	9,330,327	9,736,538
Rio de Janeiro [277]	3,026,195	4,493,182	6,790,519	8,783,870	9,697,487	11,306,768
Rome [292]	1,884,000	2,456,000	3,135,000	3,390,000	3,714,000	3,708,000
Saint Petersburg (from 1924 to 1991, Leningrad) [293]	2,903,000	3,398,000	3,980,000	4,645,000	4,989,000	4,719,000
Santiago de Chile [294]	1,322,000	1,980,000	2,647,000	3,721,000	4,616,000	5,658,000
São Paulo [277]	2,334,038	3,969,759	7,620,490	12,089,454	14,775,840	17,014,078
Seoul [295]	1,021,000	2,361,000	5,312,000	8,244,000	10,518,000	9,879,000
Shanghai [277]	4,288,091	6,865,312	6,052,468	5,927,898	8,605,812	14,246,541
Singapore [296]	1,006,701	1,601,079	2,061,831	2,400,729	3,022,209	4,053,602
Sydney [297]	1,690,000	2,135,000	2,892,000	3,252,000	3,632,000	3,780,000
Taipei [298]	551,000	880,000	1,406,000	2,247,000	2,737,000	2,642,000
Tehran [299]	1,041,000	1,873,000	3,290,000	5,079,000	6,365,000	7,128,000
Tokyo [277]	11,274,641	16,678,822	23,297,502	28,548,512	32,530,002	34,449,908
Washington, D.C. [300]	1,298,000	1,823,000	2,488,000	2,777,000	3,376,000	3,949,000

See also

• List of largest cities throughout history (7000 BC – AD 2000)
• List of largest cities, present day
• Estimates of historical world population

Notes

1. Dobrovody and Maydanets Suggested to be housing up to 10,000 people in Modelski's text (pp. 24–25), The estimate is based on the author's personal communication with Mikhail Videiko, Institute of Archaeology, Kyiv, October 2002 (p. 75). The previous estimates by S. I. Kruts for Maydanets and Talianki are 8,000 (1,575 housed within 270 ha) and 14,000 (2,700 houses within 450 ha), respectively (Pitskhelauri, K. N., and Chernykh, E. N. Eds., Kavkaz v sisteme paleometallicheskikh kultur Evrazii, Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 1989, pp. 146–156.).^{[ full citation needed ]}
2. Modelski's list of the world's largest cities treats Thebes and Haojing as the top cities with 100,000 inhabitants (p. 218), though the same list on the next page (p. 219) as well as Table 2 (c) place the population of Thebes at 120,000, while that for Haojing as well as Memphis and Babylon at 100,000 (pp. 33-34).^{[ full citation needed ]}
3. Chandler listed Thebes, Haoqing, and Chengzhou (Luoyang) as the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd largest cities (p. 460), though Luoyang is supposed to pass 100,000 in 1000 B.C. (p. 541).^{[ full citation needed ]}
4. When the city first passed 100,000, suggested by Richard Forstall (pp. 541-542).^{[ full citation needed ]}
5. Haoqing, the capital of Western Zhou, was located 15 km SW of Chang'an, the capital of Sung and Tang dynasties as well as the present center of Xi'an. Han capital was located 5 km NW of the center of modern Xi'an. All these sites are now within the sub-provincial city of Xi'an.

Citations

1. Rosenberg, Matt (November 4, 2019). "Largest Cities Throughout History". ThoughtCo . Archived from the original on 2016-08-18. Retrieved 2020-12-28.
2. Berezkin, Yuri E. "Apa Tanis and the Ancient Near East - an alternative model of complex society" (PDF). The Development of Urbanism from a Global Perspective. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
3. Morris, Ian. "Social Development" (PDF). Ianmorris.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
4. "Jericho and Catal Huyuk". Bruceowen.com. Archived from the original on 2015-12-31. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
5. "Diyarbakir - Cayonu Excavation Site". wowcappadocia.com. Retrieved 2025-07-18.
6. Agency, Anadolu (September 18, 2021). "Excavations in Turkey's Çayönü to shed light on Neolithic era". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 2025-07-18.
7. Agencies, Daily Sabah with (September 1, 2022). "Türkiye's neolithic settlement Çayönü Hill unravels 5,000-year-old graves". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 2025-07-18.
8. "Choirokoitia". World Heritage Site. Archived from the original on 2014-04-03. Retrieved 2014-04-26.
9. Cyprus , p. 25, at Google Books
10. Travel Cyprus: Illustrated Guide, Greek and Turkish Phrasebooks & Maps , p. 137, at Google Books
11. Frommer's Cyprus With Your Family: From the Best Family Beaches to Mountain Villages , p. 161, at Google Books
12. Cyprus , p. 23, at Google Books
13. The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean , p. 8, at Google Books
14. The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Macropaedia at Google Books
15. Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter, Bind 21 , p. 27, at Google Books
16. Anthropology for Archaeologists: An Introduction , p. 163, at Google Books
17. The Oneness Revealed , p. 63, at Google Books
18. The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Hunter-Gatherers , p. 523, at Google Books
19. Europe Before Rome: A Site-by-Site Tour of the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages , p. 123, at Google Books
20. Elder Gods of Antiquity: First Journal of the Ancient Ones , p. 177, at Google Books
21. European Prehistory: A Survey , p. 182, at Google Books
22. Müller, Johannes; Rassmann, Knut; Videiko, Mykhailo (January 22, 2016). Trypillia Mega-Sites and European Prehistory: 4100-3400 BCE. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-317-24792-0.
23. "Rise of Metallurgy in Eurasia". Ucl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
24. "Archaeological Exhibitions". Duncancaldwell.com. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
25. The Complete Archaeology of Greece: From Hunter-Gatherers to the 20th Century A.D. , p. 58, at Google Books
26. Greece Before History: An Archaeological Companion and Guide , p. 146, at Google Books
27. Early Aegean Warrior 5000–1450 BC , p. 90, at Google Books
28. "Lesson 2: The Neolithic Cultures of Thessaly, Crete, and the Cyclades". Trustees of Dartmouth College. Archived from the original on 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2011-08-26.
29. Thomas K Harper. "The effect of climatic variability on population dynamics of the CucuteniTripolye cultural complex and the rise of the Western Tripolye giant-settlements" (PDF). IChronikajournal.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-15. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
30. Л.Панченко. Паланка (історико-краєзнавчий нарис). Умань. 2003 ISBN   966-7659-30-5
31. Шмаглій М. М., Дудкін В. П. Зіньковський К. В. Про комплексне вивчення трипільських поселень. Археологія No. 10. Київ. 1973
32. А.І.Кузьмінський, Г. В. Суховершко, В. Я. Чудновський. Наш рідний край. Хрестоматія з історії Черкащини. Київ. 1993
33. Georg Feuerstein; Subhash Kak; David Frawley (2005). The Search of the Cradle of Civilization: New Light on Ancient India. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. ISBN   9788120820371. Archived from the original on 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
34. "High precision Tripolye settlement plans, demographic estimations and settlement organization". Archived from the original on 2017-01-13. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
35. Philip L. Kohl (January 22, 2007). The Making of Bronze Age Eurasia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-1-139-46199-3. Archived from the original on 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
36. Christoph Baumer (December 11, 2012). The History of Central Asia: The Age of the Steppe Warriors. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN   978-1-78076-060-5 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
37. "The Trypillian culture. Introduction". Trypillian Civilization 5400 - 2750 BC. Archived from the original on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
38. "Trypilia". The Anthropogene. December 9, 2003. Archived from the original on 2007-10-08.
39. Modelski, George (July 10, 1997). "CITIES OF THE ANCIENT WORLD: AN INVENTORY (-3500 TO -1200)". The Evolutionary World Politics Homepage. Archived from the original on 2008-07-05. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
40. Alam, Muzaffar. "India | history – geography". Britannica.com. Archived from the original on 2008-06-20. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
41. Modelski, George (2003). World Cities: -3000 to 2000. Washington, D.C.: Faros 2000. ISBN   9780967623016.
42. Adamantios Sampson (1986). "The Early Helladic graves of Manika: Contribution to the socioeconomic conditions of the Early Bronze Age". In Robert Laffineur (ed.). Les coutumes funeraires en Egee a l' age du bronze (PDF). Université de Liège. pp. 20–28. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
43. Old World Archaeology Newsletter. 1988. Archived from the original on 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
44. Anthropologie. 2001. Archived from the original on 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2015-06-20.^{[ full citation needed ]}
45. Erika Weiberg (2007). Thinking the Bronze Age (PDF). Stockholm: Elanders Gotab. ISBN   978-91-554-6782-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-05-06. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
46. John Bintliff (March 19, 2012). The Complete Archaeology of Greece: From Hunter-Gatherers to the 20th ... Wiley. ISBN   978-1-118-25519-3. Archived from the original on 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
47. "Archaeological Site of Manika". Greek Travel Pages. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
48. MacSweeney, Naoise (November 15, 2004). "Social Complexity and Population: A Study in the Early Bronze Age Aegean". Papers from the Institute of Archaeology. 15. doi: 10.5334/pia.225 . hdl: 2381/27925 .
49. Assaf Yasur-Landau (April 26, 2010). The Philistines and Aegean Migration at the End of the Late Bronze Age. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-1-139-48587-6 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
50. Trudy Ring; Robert M. Salkin; Sharon La Boda (1994). International Dictionary of Historic Places: Southern Europe. Taylor & Francis. ISBN   978-1-884964-02-2. Archived from the original on 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
51. Rodney Castleden (January 4, 2002). Atlantis Destroyed. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-134-70879-6 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
52. Charles Freeman (March 13, 2014). Egypt, Greece, and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean. OUP Oxford. ISBN   978-0-19-150970-4 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
53. Ian Thornton (March 19, 2007). Island Colonization: The Origin and Development of Island Communities. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-1-139-46231-0 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
54. Robert Kupp (2005). A Nuclear Engineer in the Twentieth Century. Trafford. ISBN   978-1-4120-5003-6 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
55. "Fast Facts". Canadian Museum of History. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
56. Peter Francis (1993). Volcanoes: A Planetary Perspective. Clarendon Press. ISBN   978-0-19-854452-4. Archived from the original on 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
57. Hârun Yahya (2000). The Truth of the Life of this World. Global Yayincilik. ISBN   978-1-897940-99-0 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
58. Iain Stewart (August 31, 2012). Journeys From The Centre Of The Earth. Random House. ISBN   978-1-4481-4942-1 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
59. Chandler, Tertius (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. St. David's University Press. ISBN   0-88946-207-0. Archived from the original on 2008-02-11. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
60. Rodney Castleden (October 12, 2012). The Knossos Labyrinth: A New View of the 'Palace of Minos' at Knossos. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-134-96785-8 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
61. Rodney Castleden (January 4, 2002). Minoan Life in Bronze Age Crete. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-134-88064-5 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
62. Trudy Ring; Noelle Watson; Paul Schellinger (November 5, 2013). Southern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-134-25958-8 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
63. Steven Mithen (November 26, 2012). Thirst: For Water and Power in the Ancient World. Harvard University Press. ISBN   978-0-674-07219-0 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
64. John William Humphrey (2006). Ancient Technology. Greenwood Press. ISBN   978-0-313-32763-6 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
65. Denemark, Robert A.; Friedman, Jonathan; Gills, Barry K.; Modelski, George (September 26, 2002). World System History: The Social Science of Long-Term Change. Routledge. ISBN   1-134-57144-5 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
66. Glenn Storey (April 30, 2006). Urbanism in the Preindustrial World: Cross-Cultural Approaches. University of Alabama Press. ISBN   978-0-8173-5246-2 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
67. Morris, Ian (December 2005). "The collapse and regeneration of complex society in Greece, 1500-500 BC" (PDF). Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
68. Rodney Castleden (2001). Minoans: Life in bronze Age Crete. Taylor & Francis e-Library. ISBN   0-203-13581-4. Archived from the original on 2021-07-20. Retrieved 2021-07-20– via Academia.edu.
69. Donald Jones. "Concepts in Urbanization and Early State Formation: The Case of Minoan Crete, v8". Archived from the original on 2016-01-16. Retrieved 2015-06-20– via Academia.edu.
70. "Populations of Largest Cities in PMNs from 2000BC to 1988AD". Archived from the original (TXT) on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
71. Tellier, L.N. (2009). Urban World History: An Economic and Geographical Perspective. Presses de l'Universite du Quebec. p. 200. ISBN   9782760522091. Archived from the original on 2024-04-30. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
72. "11. NEGLECTING NATURE WORLD ACCUMULATION AND CORE-PERIPHERY RELATIONS, 2500 BC TO AD 1990 Sing C. Chew". Abuss.narod.ru. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
73. Cyphers, Ann. "San Lorenzo". In Kathleen Berrin; Virginia M. Fields (eds.). OLMEC: Colossal Masterworks of Ancient Mexico. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Archived from the original on 2023-10-08. Retrieved 2020-07-17– via Academia.edu.
74. Kelder, Jorrit (2005). "Greece during the Late Bronze Age". Jaarbericht (39). Het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap Ex Oriente Lux. Archived from the original on 2022-04-13. Retrieved 2015-06-20– via Academia.edu.
75. Jaarbericht. 2006. Archived from the original on 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
76. Carol G. Thomas, Craig Conant (August 25, 2009). Citadel to City-State: The Transformation of Greece, 1200-700 B.C.E. Indiana University Press. ISBN   978-0-253-00325-6 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
77. Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (March 29, 2012). The Oxford Classical Dictionary. OUP Oxford. ISBN   9780199545568. Archived from the original on 2024-01-08. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
78. Morris, Ian (December 2005). "The growth of Greek cities in the first millennium BC" (PDF). Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
79. Glenn Storey (2006). Urbanism in the Preindustrial World: Cross-Cultural Approaches. University of Alabama Press. p. 37. ISBN   978-0-8173-5246-2. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
80. Hansen, M.H. (1988). Three Studies in Athenian Demography. Commissioner, Munksgaard. p. 7. ISBN   9788773041895. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-03-01.
81. Wilson, N. (2013). Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece. Taylor & Francis. p. 214. ISBN   978-1-136-78800-0. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-03-01.
82. Troy Dora P. Crouch (1993). Geology and Settlement: Greco-Roman Patterns: Greco-Roman Patterns. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 124. ISBN   978-0-19-535943-5. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
83. Diop, C.A.; Salemson, H.J.; De Jager, M. (1991). Civilization or Barbarism. L.M. Ngemi. p. 160. ISBN   978-1-55652-048-8. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
84. Blumberg, A. (1995). Great Leaders, Great Tyrants?: Contemporary Views of World Rulers who Made History. Greenwood Press. p. 242. ISBN   978-0-313-28751-0. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
85. Hall, J.M. (2013). A History of the Archaic Greek World, ca. 1200-479 BCE. Wiley. ISBN   978-1-118-34046-2.
86. de Ligt, L. (2012). Peasants, Citizens and Soldiers: Studies in the Demographic History of Roman Italy 225 BC-AD 100. Cambridge University Press. p. 236. ISBN   978-1-107-01318-6. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
87. Randsborg, K. (1991). The First Millennium AD in Europe and the Mediterranean: An Archaeological Essay. Cambridge University Press. p. 93. ISBN   978-0-521-38787-3. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
88. Pounds, N.J.G. (1976). An Historical Geography of Europe 450 B.C.-A.D. 1330. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-29126-2.
89. Museo nazionale di Villa Giulia (2001). Anna Maria Sgubini Moretti (ed.). The Villa Giulia National Etruscan Museum: Short Guide. L'Erma di Bretschneider. ISBN   9788882650124. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11. Retrieved 2015-01-22.
90. The Etruscan World , p. 1774, at Google Books
91. An Historical Geography of Europe 450 B.C.-A.D. 1330, Del 1330 , p. 54, at Google Books
92. A Short History of the World , p. 110, at Google Books
93. Jarde, A. (November 14, 2013). The Formation of the Greek People. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-136-19586-0. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
94. "Etruscan Studies" (PDF). Journal of the Etruscan Foundation. 8. Scholarworks.mass.edu. 2008. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
95. Production, consumption and society in north Etruria during the archaic and classical periods , p. 224, at Google Books by Hilary Wills Becker.
96. Jaarbericht. Het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap Ex Oriente Lux. 2006. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
97. Buck, Robert J. (1979). A History of Boeotia. University of Alberta. ISBN   978-0-88864-051-2. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-08-13.
98. Henry Fynes Clinton (1851). An Epitome of the Civil and Literary Chronology of Greece: From the Earliest Accounts to the Death of Augustus. Oxford: University Press. p. 278. Archived from the original on 2021-07-20. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
99. Fulminante, Francesca (February 10, 2014). The Urbanisation of Rome and Latium Vetus: From the Bronze Age to the Archaic Era. Cambridge University Press. p. 252. ISBN   978-1-107-65584-3. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
100. Ward, Lorne H. (January 1990). "Roman Population, Territory, Tribe, City, and Army Size from the Republic's Founding to the Veientane War, 509 B.C.-400 B.C". The American Journal of Philology. 111 (1): 5–39. doi:10.2307/295257. JSTOR   295257.
101. Cyphers, Ann (2007). "Surgimiento y decadencia de San Lorenzo, Veracruz. Del Ojochi al Nacaste". Arqueología Mexicana (in Spanish). 87: 36–42. Archived from the original on 2021-07-21. Retrieved 2021-07-21.
102. Nielsen, Thomas Heine (January 1, 2004). Once Again: Studies in the Ancient Greek Polis. Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN   978-3-515-08438-3. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
103. Gates, C. (2011). Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome. Taylor & Francis. ISBN   978-1-136-82327-5.
104. Glenn Storey (2006). Urbanism in the Preindustrial World: Cross-Cultural Approaches. University of Alabama Press. p. 44. ISBN   978-0-8173-5246-2. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
105. De Camp, L.S. (1972). Great cities of the ancient world. Doubleday. ISBN   9780385091879. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-03-01.
106. Sage, Michael (June 1, 2002). Warfare in Ancient Greece: A Sourcebook. Routledge. ISBN   9781134763320.
107. Fronda 2010, p. 29.
108. Wilson 2011, p. 186.
109. Scheidel, W. (2012). The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Economy. Cambridge University Press. p. 244. ISBN   978-1-107-49556-2. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
110. Wilson 2011, p. 190.
111. Wilson 2011, p. 191.
112. de Planhol, X.; Claval, P. (1994). An Historical Geography of France. Cambridge University Press. p. 47. ISBN   978-0-521-32208-9. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
113. Crumley, C. (2013). Regional Dynamics Burgundian Landscapes in Historical Perspective. Elsevier Science. p. 390. ISBN   978-0-323-14402-5. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
114. Wilson 2011, p. 188.
115. Fischer, Svante; Lejdegård, Hans; Victor, Helena. "The Fall and Decline of the Roman Urban Mind". In Paul J.J. Sinclair; Gullög Nordquist; Frands Herschend; Christian Isendahl (eds.). The Urban Mind: Cultural and Environmental Dynamics. pp. 277–294. Archived from the original on 2022-06-01. Retrieved 2014-09-24– via Academia.edu.
116. Wilson 2011, p. 182.
117. Fichtner, P.S. (2009). Historical Dictionary of Austria. Scarecrow Press. p. 54. ISBN   978-0-8108-6310-1. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
118. Beattie, A. (2010). The Danube: A Cultural History. Oxford University Press. p. 109. ISBN   978-0-19-976835-6. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
119. Wilson 2011, p. 184.
120. zh:汉书
121. Friesen, Steve; Schowalter, Daniel N.; Walters, James (June 14, 2010). Corinth in Context: Comparative Studies on Religion and Society. BRILL. ISBN   978-9004181977. Archived from the original on 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2020-10-23.
122. Wilson 2011, p. 189.
123. van Tilburg, C. (2007). Traffic and Congestion in the Roman Empire. Taylor & Francis. p. 42. ISBN   978-1-134-12975-1. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
124. Bruce, S.G. (2010). Ecologies and Economies in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Studies in Environmental History for Richard C. Hoffmann. Brill. p. 48. ISBN   9789004180079. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
125. "2010: Köln ist Millionenstadt" (PDF). September 29, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-24. Retrieved 2014-09-24.
126. "El Mirador, the Lost City of the Maya". Archived from the original on 2015-07-24. Retrieved 2015-07-24.
127. Schlingloff, Dieter (2013). Fortified Cities of Ancient India: A Comparative Study. Anthem Press. ISBN   978-0-85728-331-3. JSTOR   j.ctt1gxpb6n. Archived from the original on 2023-07-02. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
128. "Greater London, Inner London Population & Density History". demographia.com. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2014-09-24.
129. Grimal, P.; Woloch, G.M. (1983). Roman Cities. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 176. ISBN   978-0-299-08934-4. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
130. Tellier, L.N. (2009). Urban World History: An Economic and Geographical Perspective. Presses de l'Universite du Quebec. p. 266. ISBN   9782760522091. Archived from the original on 2024-04-30. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
131. Clark, P. (2009). European Cities and Towns: 400-2000. OUP Oxford. p. 30. ISBN   978-0-19-956273-2. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
132. Morley, Neville (December 19, 2002). Metropolis and Hinterland: The City of Rome and the Italian Economy, 200 BC-AD 200. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9780521893312. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-08-13.
133. Marcus, Joyce; Flannery, Kent V. (1996). Zapotec civilization : how urban society evolved in Mexico's Oaxaca Valley. New York: Thames and Hudson. ISBN   0-500-05078-3. OCLC   34409496.
134. Sear, F. (1983). Roman Architecture. Cornell University Press. p. 213. ISBN   978-0-8014-9245-7. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
135. Ring, T.; Watson, N.; Schellinger, P. (2013). Northern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places. Taylor & Francis. ISBN   978-1-136-63951-7. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
136. Russell, Josiah Cox (January 1, 1958). Late Ancient and Medieval Population. American Philosophical Society. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-08-13.
137. Clarke, J.R. (1991). The Houses of Roman Italy, 100 B.C.-A.D. 250: Ritual, Space, and Decoration. University of California Press. p. 268. ISBN   978-0-520-08429-2. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
138. Bock, Darrell L. (July 1, 2002). Studying the Historical Jesus: A Guide to Sources and Methods. Baker Academic. ISBN   9780801024511. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
139. Richard M. Berthold (1984). Rhodes in the Hellenistic Age. Cornell University Press. ISBN   9780801475979.
140. Beck, Hans (January 31, 2013). A Companion to Ancient Greek Government. Wiley. ISBN   9781118303184 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
141. Keith Roberts (August 13, 2013). The Origins of Business, Money and Markets. Columbia University Press. ISBN   9780231526852 . Retrieved 2015-06-20.
142. Wilson 2011, p. 183.
143. "Teotihuacan: Introduction". Archaeology of Teotihuacan, Mexico. Archived from the original on 2007-08-12. Retrieved 2007-09-02.
144. "Tikal, Mayan City". HistoryWiz.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-14. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
145. Gibbon, Edward (December 12, 2002). History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire -. Palm Digital Media Group. ISBN   9780740816987. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
146. Sarah Klassen; et al. (May 7, 2021). "Diachronic modeling of the population within the medieval Greater Angkor Region settlement complex". Science Advances. 7 (19). Bibcode:2021SciA....7.8441K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf8441. PMC   8104873 . PMID   33962951.
147. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 10.
148. Dyson, Tim (October 18, 2018). "The First Modern People" . Oxford Scholarship Online. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198829058.003.0001. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
149. "Early Medieval and Byzantine Civilization: Constantine to Crusades". History/Medieval Studies 303. Archived from the original on 2015-08-26. Retrieved 2015-07-23.
150. Widukind of Corvey (2014). Deeds of the Saxons. Translated by Bernard S. Bachrach; David S. Bachrach. CUA Press. ISBN   9780813226934. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
151. Buringh 2010, p. 73.
152. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 305.
153. Chandler & Fox 2013, p. 271.
154. Ford, Anabel (June 30, 2015). The Maya Forest Garden : Eight Millennia of Sustainable Cultivation of the Tropical Woodlands. Nigh, Ronald. Walnut Creek, CA. ISBN   978-1-61132-997-1. OCLC   894750131.
155. Jennings, Justin. (2011). Globalizations and the ancient world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-511-91862-9. OCLC   692197127.
156. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 297.
157. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 113.
158. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 114.
159. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 307.
160. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 115.
161. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 88.
162. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 89.
163. Chandler & Fox 2013, p. ^{[ page needed ]}.
164. Wickham 2015, p. 112.
165. Bachrach, Bernard (February 15, 2013). Charlemagne's Early Campaigns (768-777): A Diplomatic and Military Analysis. BRILL. ISBN   978-9004224100. Archived from the original on 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2020-10-23.
166. Meneghini and Santangeli Valenzani Roma nell'altomedioevo. Topografia e urbanistica della citta dal V al X seolo. Rome, 2004. pp. 22-3
167. Hohenberg & Lees 2009, p. 10.
168. "SACRED SITE". Ani, Turkey. Landmarks Foundation. Archived from the original on 2007-05-20. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
169. (in Armenian) Ghafadaryan, Karo. «Անի» [Ani]. Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1974, vol. i, pp. 407–412.
170. Benson LV, Berry MS, Jolie EA, Spangler JD, Stahle DW, Hattori EM (2007). "Possible impacts of early-11th-, middle-12th-, and late-13th-century droughts on western Native Americans and the Mississippian Cahokians". Quaternary Science Reviews. 26 (3–4): 336–350. Bibcode:2007QSRv...26..336B. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.08.001. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
171. Lipovac, Nenad (December 23, 2010). "Uspon i pad sjevernoameričkih prapovijesnih naseobina; Oblici naselja i struktura američkog jugoistoka" [The rise and decline of North American prehistoric settlements: a search for the meaning of habitat patterns and structures in the Southeast]. Prostor (in Croatian). 18 (2): 268–287. Gale   A248659687. Archived from the original on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
172. Glenn Hodges, "America's Forgotten City Archived 2023-10-26 at the Wayback Machine ", National Geographic , January 2011.
173. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 145.
174. Holborn, H. (1982). A History of Modern Germany: The Reformation. Princeton University Press. p. 38. ISBN   978-0-691-00795-3. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
175. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 175.
176. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 98.
177. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 247.
178. M. Ginatempo L. Sandri "L'Italia delle Città. Sec XIII XVI" Le Lettere 1990
179. King, Russell (March 27, 2015). The Industrial Geography of Italy (Routledge Library Editions: Economic Geography). Routledge. ISBN   9781317521112.
180. Hohenberg & Lees 2009, p. ^{[ page needed ]}.
181. de Vries, Andre (June 11, 2007). Flanders: A Cultural History. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN   9780195314939.
182. akinwumi, ogundiran (2020). The Yoruba: A New History. Indiana University Press. ISBN   9780253051509.
183. History of London#Population
184. Paul Oldfield (2019). Urban Panegyric and the Transformation of the Medieval City, 1100-1300. Oxford University Press. p. 15. ISBN   978-0-19-871773-7.
185. Spruyt, H. (1996). The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change. Princeton University Press. p. 132. ISBN   978-0-691-02910-8. Archived from the original on 2023-07-31. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
186. Scott, T. (2012). The City-State in Europe, 1000–1600: Hinterland, Territory, Region. OUP Oxford. p. 17. ISBN   978-0-19-927460-4. Archived from the original on 2023-07-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
187. Bairoch 1988, p. 28.
188. Chase-Dunn, Christopher; Willard, Christopher; Willard, Alice (April 1, 1994). "Cities in the Central Political/Military Network Since CE 1200: Size Hierarchy and Domination". Comparative Civilizations Review. 30 (30). ProQuest   1311896683. Archived from the original on 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
189. Frassetto, M. (2013). The Early Medieval World: From the Fall of Rome to the Time of Charlemagne [2 Volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 444. ISBN   978-1-59884-996-7. Archived from the original on 2023-07-11. Retrieved 2016-03-01.
190. Kibler, W.W. (1995). Medieval France: An Encyclopedia. Garland Pub. p. 1316. ISBN   978-0-8240-4444-2. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-03-01.
191. Lodge, R.A. (2013). French. Taylor & Francis. ISBN   978-1-134-89414-7. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-03-01.
192. Bove & Gauvard 2014, p. 7.
193. Norman John Greville Pounds. An Historical Geography of Europe 450 B.C.-A.D. 1330, p. 350
194. Mansbach, R.W.; Taylor, K.L. (2013). Introduction to Global Politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 40. ISBN   978-1-136-51738-9. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-03-01.
195. McKitterick, R.; Jones, M. (2000). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 6, C.1300-c.1415. Cambridge University Press. p. 811. ISBN   978-0-521-36290-0. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
196. Karl Kaser (2011). The Balkans and the Near East: Introduction to a Shared History. Lit. p. 196. ISBN   978-3-643-50190-5. Archived from the original on 2024-03-15. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
197. Chant, C.; Goodman, D. (2005). Pre-Industrial Cities and Technology. Taylor & Francis. p. 141. ISBN   978-1-134-63620-4. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
198. Abu-Lughod, J.L. (1991). Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250–1350. Oxford University Press. p. 125. ISBN   978-0-19-506774-3. Archived from the original on 2023-07-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
199. Dursteler, E. (2013). A Companion to Venetian History, 1400–1797. Brill. p. 257. ISBN   9789004252523. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
200. Jonassohn, K.; Björnson, K.S. Genocide and Gross Human Rights Violations: In Comparative Perspective. Transaction Publishers. p. 202. ISBN   978-1-4128-2445-3. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
201. Martin, J. (2007). Medieval Russia, 980-1584. Cambridge University Press. p. 68. ISBN   978-0-521-85916-5.
202. Nicholas, David M. (January 14, 2014). Medieval Flanders. Routledge. ISBN   9781317901549.
203. de Vries 1984, p. 350.
204. de Vries 1984, p. 354.
205. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 143.
206. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 270.
207. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 84.
208. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 125.
209. Middendorf, 1898.^{[ full citation needed ]}
210. Michael Moseley; Kent Day, eds. (1982). Chan Chan: Andean Desert City. University of New Mexico Press.
211. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 85.
212. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 189.
213. Byrne, Joseph P. (January 16, 2012). Encyclopedia of the Black Death. ABC-CLIO. ISBN   9781598842548.
214. Margalit, Harry (February 19, 2016). Energy, Cities and Sustainability: An Historical Approach. Routledge. ISBN   9781317528166.
215. de Vries 1984, p. 348.
216. de Vries 1984, p. 353.
217. de Vries 1984, p. 351.
218. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 183.
219. de Vries 1984, p. 355.
220. Fierro 1996, p. 280.
221. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 92.
222. "Demografía de Sevilla en el siglo XVI". Seville University. Archived from the original on 2012-08-20. Retrieved 2012-07-23.
223. Denevan, William M. (1992). The Native population of the Americas in 1492 (2nd ed.). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN   978-0-299-13433-4. OCLC   648253221.
224. Smith, Michael E.; Schreiber, Katharina J. (September 1, 2005). "New World States and Empires: Economic and Social Organization". Journal of Archaeological Research. 13 (3): 189–229. doi:10.1007/s10814-005-3106-3. ISSN   1573-7756. S2CID   1383573.
225. Totten, Samuel (1992). "BOOK REVIEWS". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 6 (4): 430–434. doi:10.1093/hgs/6.4.430. ISSN   8756-6583.
226. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 265.
227. Howes, Jennifer; Talbot, Cynthia; Canby, Sheila; Michell, George; Foekema, Gerard; Topsfield, Andrew; Tillotson, Giles; Verghese, Anila; Fritz, John M.; Michell, George; Datta, Sona; Boardman, John (January 2005). "Book Reviews" . South Asian Studies. 21 (1): 137–150. doi:10.1080/02666030.2005.9628650. ISSN   0266-6030. S2CID   219697340.
228. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 329.
229. Mitchell 1998e, p. 74.
230. Mitchell 1998a, p. 39.
231. The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477–1806. 1995.
232. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 320.
233. "Population statistics: historical demography". Populstat.info. Archived from the original on 2018-09-17. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
234. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 133.
235. de Vries 1984, p. 352.
236. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 110.
237. Flood, J. (2006). Poets Laureate in the Holy Roman Empire: A Bio-bibliographical Handbook. De Gruyter. ISBN   978-3-11-091274-6. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
238. Latimer 1900.
239. Shannon & Grebenik 1943.
240. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 166.
241. Săgeată, Radu (2008). "Bucharest. Geographical and Geopolitical Considerations" (PDF). Romanian Review on Political Geography. 10 (1): 48. ISSN   1582-7763. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2021-04-12.
242. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 155.
243. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 196.
244. Mitchell 1998a, p. 40.
245. de Vries 1984, p. 349.
246. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 135.
247. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 327.
248. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 328.
249. J. Cunnison; J.B.S. Filfillan, eds. (1958). Third Statistical Account of Scotland GLASGOW. Glasgow: Collins. OCLC   500429383.
250. Boudarel, Nguyen & Nguyễn 2002, p. 19.
251. Boudarel, Nguyen & Nguyễn 2002, p. 22.
252. Annuaire de la Cochinchine française... 1874. Archived from the original on 2020-07-06. Retrieved 2020-07-06– via Gallica.^{[ verification needed ]}
253. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 251.
254. Tudose, Mihaela (2017). "Demographic and Social-Economic Evolution of the City of Iași During the First Decades after the Union (1859-1881)". Ioan Neculce: The Bulletin of Moldavia's History Museum. New Series (23): 180. ISSN   1454-0754. Archived from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2021-04-12.
255. Mitchell 1998e, p. 75.
256. Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon (1956). Kyoto: the Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. p. 424. (quoting the Meiji publication 平安通志)
257. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 321.
258. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 323.
259. Mitchell 1998a, p. 41.
260. Almanach de Gotha pour l'an 1858
261. de Vries 1984, p. 356.
262. F. Braudel (1979). Capitalism and Material Life, 1400–1800.
263. Sansom, George (1963). A History of Japan: 1615-1867. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 113. Note: These figures exclude military (samurai) population, which could account for a considerable portion of the population.
264. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 319.
265. de Vries 1984, p. 357.
266. Mitchell 1998e, p. 76.
267. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 120.
268. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 164.
269. Mitchell 1998a, p. 42.
270. Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 159.
271. Steidl, Annemarie (2003). Auf nach Wien! Die Mobilität des mitteleuropäischen Handwerks im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert am Beispiel der Haupt- und Residenzstadt Wien. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN   3-7028-0403-X. Archived from the original on 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
272. "Statistiken". Statistik.at. Archived from the original on 2015-04-10. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
273. "Algiers, Algeria Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-03.
274. "Baghdad, Iraq Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-03.
275. "Bangkok, Thailand Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-03.
276. "Barcelona, Spain Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
277. "Population the world's largest cities". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 2025-03-04. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
278. "Berlin, Germany Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
279. "Bruxelles-Brussel, Belgium Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
280. "Caracas, Venezuela Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-03.
281. "Casablanca, Morocco Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-03.
282. "Chicago Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-03.
283. "Hong Kong Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
284. "Johannesburg, South Africa Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
285. "London, UK Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
286. "Madrid, Spain Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
287. "Melbourne, Australia Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
288. "Miami Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-03.
289. "Milan, Italy Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
290. "Montreal, Canada Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
291. "Munich, Germany Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
292. "Rome, Italy Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
293. "Saint Petersburg, Russia Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
294. "Santiago, Chile Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-03.
295. "Seoul, South Korea Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-03.
296. "Singapore Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
297. "Sydney, Australia Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-02.
298. "Taibei, Taiwan Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-03.
299. "Tehran, Iran Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-03.
300. "Washington DC Metro Area Population 1950-2025 | MacroTrends". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2025-05-02.

References

• Bairoch, Paul (1988). The Population of European Cities from 800 to 1850. Geneva: Université de Genève.
• Boudarel, Georges; Nguyen, Van Ky; Nguyễn, Văn Ký (2002). Duiker, Claire (ed.). Hanoi: City of the Rising Dragon. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN   9780742516557.
• Bove, Boris; Gauvard, Claude (2014). Le Paris du Moyen Age (in French). Paris: Belin. ISBN   978-2-7011-8327-5.
• Buringh, Eltjo (2010). Medieval Manuscript Production in the Latin West. Brill Publishers. ISBN   978-9004175198.
• Chandler, Tertius; Fox, Gerald (1974). 3000 Years of Urban Growth . New York and London: Academic Press. ISBN   9780127851099.
• Chandler, Tertius; Fox, Gerald (2013). 3000 Years of Urban Growth. New York and London: Academic Press. ISBN   9781483271255.
• de Vries, Jan (1984). European Urbanization 1500–1800. London: Methuen and Co.
• Fierro, Alfred (1996). Histoire et dictionnaire de Paris. Robert Laffont. ISBN   2-221--07862-4.
• Fronda, Michael P. (2010). Between Rome and Carthage: Southern Italy during the Second Punic War. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-51694-5.
• Hohenberg, P.M.; Lees, L.H. (2009). The Making of Urban Europe, 1000–1994. Harvard University Press. ISBN   978-0-674-03873-8.
• Latimer, John (1900). The annals of Bristol in the Seventeenth Century. Bristol: William George's Sons.
• Mitchell, Brian (1998a). International Historical Statistics Africa, Asia & Oceania 1750–1993 (3rd ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN   978-1-349-14740-3.
• Mitchell, Brian (1998e). International Historical Statistics Europe 1750–1993 (4th ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN   978-0-333-72690-7.
• Shannon, Herbert; Grebenik, Eugene (1943). Population of Bristol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Wickham, Chris (2015). Medieval Rome: Stability and Crisis of a City, 900–1150. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-968496-0.
• Wilson, Alan (2011). "City Sizes and Urbanization in the Roman Empire". In Bowman, Alan; Wilson, Andrew (eds.). Settlement, Urbanization, and Population. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-960235-3.

Further reading

• Connolly, Peter; Dodge, Hazel (1998). The Ancient City: Life in Classical Athens and Rome . Oxford University Press. ISBN   0-19-521409-9.
• Smith, Michael E. (2005). "City Size in Late Post-Classic Mesoamerica" (PDF). Journal of Urban History. 31 (4): 403–434. doi:10.1177/0096144204274396. S2CID   145452272.

External links

• Interactive Map: Urban Growth (BBC, covering 1955–2015)
• Early Medieval and Byzantine Civilization: Constantine to Crusades