Mandsaur

Last updated

Mandsaur
City
0111321 Pasupatinath temple, Mandsaur Madhya Pradesh 138.jpg
Railway Station Mandsaur MP.png
Pashupati Nath Mahadev Mandir, Mandsaur, Mandsaur Railway Station building
Nickname: 
Dashpur
Madhya Pradesh location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Mandsaur
India location map 3.png
Red pog.svg
Mandsaur
Coordinates: 24°04′19″N75°04′08″E / 24.072°N 75.069°E / 24.072; 75.069
CountryIndia
State Madhya Pradesh
District Mandsaur district
Named for Dashpur
Government
  Type Mayor–Council
  BodyMandsaur Municipality
   MLA Vipin Jain INC
   MP Sudhir Gupta BJP
   Mayor Smt. Ramadevi Gujar BJP
Area
  Total
50 km2 (20 sq mi)
Population
 (2011) [1]
  Total
141,667
  Density2,800/km2 (7,300/sq mi)
Demonym(s) Mandsauri, Mandsaurian
Demographics
  Official language Hindi
  Literacy rate71.64%
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
458001/2
Telephone code07422
Vehicle registration MP-14
Website mandsaur.nic.in
Idol of Lord Pashupatinath in Mandsaur Pashupatinath Mandsaur.jpg
Idol of Lord Pashupatinath in Mandsaur

Mandsaur is a city and a municipality in Mandsaur district located on the border of Mewar and Malwa regions of Madhya Pradesh, a state in Central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Mandsaur District. The ancient Pashupatinath Temple is located in Mandsaur. Later come under Gwalior state Which was 2nd biggest state. Mandsaur is famous for its opium farming.

Contents

Name

Mandsaur is identified with the city of Daśapura, which is attested in various ancient and medieval texts and inscriptions. According to the 12th-century Jain work called the Pariśiṣṭaparvan , the name Daśapura was given to the city by a group of merchants visiting the royal fortress of a king named Udayana and his ten sons. [2] :68–9

History

Aulikaras of Dashapura

Epigraphical discoveries have brought to light two ancient royal houses, who call themselves as Aulikaras and ruled from Dashapura (present-day Mandsaur). The first dynasty, who ruled from Dashapura from the beginning comprised the following kings in the order of succession: Jayavarma, Simhavarma, Naravarma, Vishvavarma and Bandhuvarma. The Risthal stone slab inscription discovered in 1983 has brought to light another Aulikara dynasty, which comprised the following kings in the order of succession: Drumavardhana, Jayavardhana Ajitavardhana, Vibhishanavardhana, Rajyavardhana and Prakashadharma. After Parakshadharma, the ruler of Mandsaur was Yashodharma, who is identified with Vishnuvardhana, who erected a pillar of victory at Bayana due to which Bayana's name became Vijaygarh. In all probabilities, he was the son and immediate successor of Prakashadharma. [3]

Yashodharman rule

Victory pillar of Yashodharman at Sondani, Mandsaur Sondani.jpg
Victory pillar of Yashodharman at Sondani, Mandsaur
Info of Victory pillar of Yashodharman at Sondani, Mandsaur Sondani4.jpg
Info of Victory pillar of Yashodharman at Sondani, Mandsaur

Sondani (सोंधनी) is a small village at a distance of about 4 km from Mandsaur situated on Mahu-Nimach Highway towards Mahu. In a part of the inscription Yasodharman praises himself for having defeated king Mihirakula: [4]

"He (Yasodharman) to whose two feet respect was paid, with complimentary presents of the flowers from the lock of hair on the top of (his) head, by even that (famous) king Mihirakula, whose forehead was pained through being bent low down by the strength of (his) arm in (the act of compelling) obeisance"

Sondani pillar inscription [5]

Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty

The Gurjara Pratihara empire was extended up to Mandasor during the reign of Mahendrapala II. [6]

Medieval era

There are two gardens in which there is a pillar of torandwar. It is believed to be pillar of Surya Mandir of the inscription of Bandhu Varma. There is a Shiva statue also in the garden. [7]

Maratha Empire

The Battle of Mandsaur took place in Mandsaur, India between the Maratha Army and Jai Singh II of Amber. In February 1732, the Marathas completely surrounded Jai Singh with their enormous cavalry and started cutting of his supplies. The Jaipur Raja was forced to sue for peace, he offered the Marathas six lakhs, but Holkar refused and demanded more. While the negotiations were taking place, a rumour surfaced about reinforcements from the emperor. This raised the morale of the Jaipur army and the Rajputs got ready for battle, the Marathas quickly attacked the rearguard of the Jaipur army and killed its commander. The Rajputs also attacked and killed fifteen Maratha officers in the fight that followed. Holkar and his men retreated 30 miles away from the battlefield. Jai Singh followed them but was outpaced by the Maratha cavalry who reached Jai Singhs camp and forced him to surrender. [8] Jai Singh was forced to give six lakhs to Holkar and allow him to collect chauth from 28 pargana's in Malwa. [8] The Maratha victory at the Battle of Mandsaur [9] had the following consequences: Scindias and Holkars were emboldened to renew their attack on Rajputana. Kota and Bundi were made the next targets in the same year by the Marathas.

Princely State

In 19th century before India's independence in 1947, Mandsaur was part of the princely state of Gwalior. It gave its name to the treaty with the Holkar Maharaja of Indore, who concluded the Third Anglo-Maratha War and the Pindari War in 1818. At the turn of the 20th century it was a centre of the Malwa opium trade.

Mention in Kalidas Manuscript

Mention of Dashpur can be found in Kalidas poem Meghdoot (Purva-megha) 47th stanza. Kalidas writes about the beauty of the eyes of women from Dashpur in his aesthetic piece of words.

Geography

Mandsaur district is bordered by Neemuch and Ratlam districts of Madhya Pradesh and Chittorgarh, Kota, Jhalawar, Pratapgarh and Bhilwara districts of Rajasthan.

Mandsaur district forms the northern projection of Madhya Pradesh from its western Division, i.e., Ujjain Commissioner's Division. It lies between the parallels of latitude 230 45' 50" North and 250 2' 55" North, and between the meridians of longitude 740 42' 30" East and 750 50' 20" East.

The district is an average size district of Madhya Pradesh. It extends for about 142 km (88 mi) from north to south and 124 km (77 mi) from east to west. The total area is 5,521 km2 (2,132 sq mi) with a population of 1,16,483 in 2001.

Culture

Mandsaur District in Madhya Pradesh exhibits a rich cultural tapestry influenced by Rajasthani traditions, particularly the Malwi & Mewari culture. This unique blend is evident in local festivals, music, and crafts, reflecting vibrant Rajasthani customs while integrating regional nuances. The Malvi dialect, a variant of Rajasthani Language, enriches daily communication and cultural expressions. Traditional attire and cuisine also reveal a fusion of Rajasthani styles with local flavors.

Demographics

As of 2011 India census, [1] Mandsaur had a population of 141,468 male population was 72,370 and female population was 69,098, giving a sex-ration of 898. Mandsaur had an effective literacy rate of 86.79%, higher than the national average: male literacy was 92.74, and female literacy was 80.60%. 15,721 (11.1%) of the population was under 6 years of age.

Education

The institutes and universities headquartered in Mandsaur include:

Notable People

Transportation

It is the main station in Mandsaur. Its code is MDS. Mandsaur is B category railway station of Western Railway Zone on the AjmerRatlam section. Mandsaur is connected to Ratlam, Ujjain via Nagda and Kota, Bundi via Chittorgarh.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malwa</span> Place in India

Malwa is a historical region of west-central India occupying a plateau of volcanic origin. Geologically, the Malwa Plateau generally refers to the volcanic upland north of the Vindhya Range. Politically and administratively, it is also synonymous with the former state of Madhya Bharat which was later merged with Madhya Pradesh. At present the historical Malwa region includes districts of western Madhya Pradesh and parts of south-eastern Rajasthan. Sometimes the definition of Malwa is extended to include the Nimar region south of the Vindhyas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chhatri</span> Elevated, dome-shaped pavilions in Indian architecture

Chhatri are semi-open, elevated, dome-shaped pavilions used as an element in Indo-Islamic architecture and Indian architecture. They are most commonly square, octagonal, and round.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neemuch</span> City in Madhya Pradesh, India

Neemuch or Nimach is a city in the Malwa region. Neemuch crowns the north western part of Madhya Pradesh. It has been also referred to city of Nature and Peace. The town shares its northwestern border with the state of Rajasthan and is the administrative headquarters of Neemuch District. Formerly a large British cantonment of Gwalior princely state, in 1822 the town became the headquarters of the combined Rajputana–Malwa political agency and of the Malwa Agency in 1895. The British Cantonment was disbanded in 1932 after which it was maintained by a British Municipal Board.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yashodharman</span> Emperor of Malwa (515–545)

Yashodharman was ruler of the Malava Empire in North India, from 515 until his death in 545. He belonged to the Second Aulikara dynasty. He conquered much of the Indian subcontinent between c. 530–540 according to the Mandsaur pillar inscription.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jaora</span> City in Madhya Pradesh, India

Jaora is a city and a municipality in Ratlam district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Jaora is located in the Malwa region, between Ratlam and Mandsaur. It was the capital of the Jaora princely state of Jaora before Independence. During the Mourning of Muharram, thousands of people from all over the world visit the shrine of Hussain Tekri. Jains visit Jaora as a place that the Jain ascetic Rajendrasuri practiced tapasya.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mandsaur district</span> District of Madhya Pradesh in India

Mandsaur district is a District of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Mandsaur is the administrative headquarters of the district. The ancient Pashupatinath temple is situated in Mandsaur. Large quantities of opium are produced in Mandsaur district.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Mahidpur</span>

The Battle of Mahidpur was fought during the Third Anglo-Maratha War between the Indore State of the Maratha Confederacy and the British East India Company at Mahidpur, a town in the Malwa region, on 21 December 1817.

Aklera is a town and an Indian municipality in Jhalawar district in the state of Rajasthan. It is in the south-eastern region of Rajasthan at the edge of the Malwa plateau and has a rocky, scrub-covered terrain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toramana</span> Ruler of the Alchon Huns

Toramana also called Toramana Shahi Jauvla was a king of the Alchon Huns who ruled in northern India in the late 5th and the early 6th century CE. Toramana consolidated the Alchon power in Punjab, and conquered northern and central India including Eran in Madhya Pradesh. Toramana used the title "Great King of Kings", equivalent to "Emperor", in his inscriptions, such as the Eran boar inscription.

The Battle of Mandsaur took place in Mandsaur, India between the Maratha and Jai Singh II of Jaipur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aulikaras</span> Ancient Malava clan

The Aulikaras, were an ancient clan that ruled the Kingdom of Daśapura between the 4th-century CE and 6th-century CE.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sailana State</span> Princely state of India

Sailana State was an 11 gun salute princely state in India, part of the Malwa Agency of Central India during the British Raj. The state enjoyed an estimated revenue of Rs.5,00,000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jaora railway station</span> Railway station in Madhya Pradesh

Jaora railway station is a main railway station in Jaora city of Madhya Pradesh. Its code is JAO. Jaora is an important broad gauge railway station of the Ajmer - Ratlam line. Jaora is well connected to Ratlam, Ujjain via Nagda and Kota, Bundi via Chittorgarh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sondani</span> Village in Madhya Pradesh, India

Sondani, also Sondhni, is a small village at a distance of about 4 km from Mandsaur situated on Mahu-Nimach Highway towards Mahu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mandasor Pillar Inscriptions of Yasodharman</span> Sanskrit inscriptions in Madhya Pradesh

The Mandasor Pillar Inscriptions of Yashodharman are a set of Sanskrit inscriptions from early 6th-century discovered at an archaeological site at the village of Sondani (सोंधनी), about 4 kilometers south of Mandsaur (Mandasor) in northwestern Madhya Pradesh, India. These record the victory of Aulikara king Yasodharman over the Huna king Mihirakula. According to Richard Salomon, these are notable for "their outstanding literary, calligraphic and historical value". The Mandasor inscription praises Yasodharman, describes him as having rescued the earth from "rude and cruel kings of the Kali age, who delight in viciousness".

The Battle of Bagru was a military engagement fought between multiple Indian kingdoms in 1748 near the town of Bagru, Jaipur, India. The battle was fought during a succession crisis following the death of Jai Singh II, which left Jaipur without effective leadership. In the battle, Madho Singh defeated ishwari Singh in a 6-day engagement with help of Marathas and Kingdom of Bundi.

The Second Aulikara dynasty was a royal dynasty that ruled over the Kingdom of Daśapura, and at its peak under Yashodharman Vishnuvardhana controlled a vast area, consisting of almost all of Northern India and parts of Deccan plateau. It was the second royal house of the Aulikara clan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Sondani</span> 528 battle

The Battle of Sondani was a large military encounter fought in 528 CE, between the Alchon Hun king Mihirakula and a confederation of Indian rulers led by King Yashodharman of Malwa and King Narasimhagupta of the Gupta Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingdom of Daśapura</span> Kingdom in Central India

The Kingdom of Daśapura was a kingdom in Central India ruled by the Aulikara dynasty during the classical era and the early medieval era. It was established by Jayavarman in 350 AD. The name Malava Empire is applied to the territorial conquests of Yashodharman, who reigned between 515 and 545 AD.

The second battle of Eran, around 510 CE, marked a significant conflict between Emperor Bhanugupta of the Gupta Empire and the Huna invaders led by Toramana. The battle, commemorated in the Eran inscription, resulted in the death of Bhanugupta's general, Goparaja. It was pivotal in either halting the Huna advance into eastern Malwa or attempting to expel them from the region. The battle marked the first of a series of setbacks for the Huna conqueror. During his struggle against the invader, Bhanugupta may have received support from King Prakāśadharman, the ruler of Mandasor.

References

  1. 1 2 "Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011" (PDF). censusindia.gov. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  2. Gupta, Parmanand (1973). Geography in Ancient Indian Inscriptions. Delhi: D. K. Publishing House. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  3. Agarwal, Ashvini (1989). Rise and Fall of the Imperial Guptas, Delhi:Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN   81-208-0592-5, pp.250-6
  4. Coin Cabinet of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna
  5. Punjab Monitor, April 2013 , from Fleet, John F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the Early Guptas. Vol. III. Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publications Branch, 1888, 147-148.
  6. Rama Shankar Tripathi (1989). History of Kanauj: To the Moslem Conquest. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 269. ISBN   978-81-208-0404-3.
  7. Usha Agarwal:Mandsaur Zile ke Puratatvik samarakon ki paryatan ki drishti se sansadhaniyata - Ek Adhyayan, Chrag Prakashan Udaipur, 2007, p. 19
  8. 1 2 Sarkar, Jadunath (1984). History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938. Orient Longman. p. 180. ISBN   9788125003335 . Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  9. S.R. Bakshi And O.P. Ralhan, Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages, page 362
  10. https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/mandsor-mds/317