Dewas | |
---|---|
City | |
Coordinates: 22°58′N76°04′E / 22.96°N 76.06°E | |
Country | India |
State | Madhya Pradesh |
District | Dewas |
Tehsil | Dewas |
Government | |
• Type | Municipal Corporation |
• Body | Dewas Municipal Corporation |
Area | |
• Total | 50 km2 (20 sq mi) |
• Rank | 900th |
Elevation | 535 m (1,755 ft) |
Population (2011) [1] | |
• Total | 289,550 |
• Rank | 6th (in Madhya Pradesh) |
• Density | 5,800/km2 (15,000/sq mi) |
Demonym | Dewasi[ citation needed ] |
Language | |
• Official | Hindi [2] |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
PIN | 455001 to 455005 |
Telephone code | 91-(0)727 |
ISO 3166 code | MP-IN |
Vehicle registration | MP-41 |
Website | dewas |
Dewas is a city in the Malwa region of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The municipality was formerly the seat of two 15-Gun Salute state princely states during the British Raj, Dewas Junior state and Dewas Senior state, ruled by the Pawar clan of the Marathas. [3] The city is the administrative capital of Dewas district. Dewas is an industrialised city and houses a government bank note press. [4] [5]
The name Dewas is derived from the Devi Vaishini hill in the city, commonly known as Tekri . [6] The hill has a temple of the deities Devi Tulja Bhawani, Chamunda Mata and Kalika Mata. The word Dewas is believed to be a sandhi of the words Dev (deity) and Vas (abode in Marathi), so Dewas means house of the god. Swami Shivom Tirtha wrote the history of the hill (Tekri ) of Dewas in his book, Sadhan Shikhar. Inspired by the area, E.M. Forster wrote The Hill of Devi in 1953. [7]
The district takes its name from its headquarters town, Dewas, which is said to be derived from the legend that Dewas rests at the foot of a 300-foot (91 m) conical hill known as Chamunda hill on whose summit is the shrine of Goddess Chamunda. The image of the goddess is cut into the wall of a cave, known as Devi Vashini or the goddess's residence. From this, the name Dewas (dev-vas) seems to have been derived. [8]
Dewas was formerly the capital of two princely states of British India. The original state was founded in the first half of the 18th century by the brothers Tukaji Rao (Senior) and Jivaji Rao (Junior), from the Pawar clan of the Marathas. They had advanced into Malwa with the Maratha Peshwa, Baji Rao, in 1728. The brothers divided the territory among themselves; their descendants ruled as the senior and junior branches of the family. After 1841, each branch ruled its own portion as a separate state, though the lands belonging to each were intimately entangled; in Dewas, the capital town, the two sides of the main street were under different administrations and had different arrangements water supply and lighting.
The senior branch had an area of 446 sq mi (1,160 km2) and a population of in 62,312 in 1901, while the area of the junior branch was 440 sq mi (1,100 km2) and had a population of 54,904 that same year. [9] Both Dewas states were in the Malwa Agency of the Central India Agency.
Dewas Junior and Dewas Senior Darbars (Courts) was composed of Sardars, Mankaris, Istamuradars, Thakurs and Jagirdars. [10] [11]
After India's independence in 1947, the Maharajas of Dewas (Jr. & Sr.) acceded to India, and their states were integrated into Madhya Bharat, which became a state of India in 1950. Later, in 1956, Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh state. [12]
Dewas lies northeast of Indore, southeast of Ujjain, and southwest of Shajapur. The city is located on the level plains of the Malwa plateau; to the south, the land rises gently to the Vindhya Range, which is the source of the Chambal and Kali Sindh rivers that flow north through the district on their way to the Ganges. The main river in Dewas is Kshipra.
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record high °C (°F) | 26.5 (79.7) | 29.3 (84.7) | 34 (93) | 38.1 (100.6) | 40.4 (104.7) | 36.3 (97.3) | 29.7 (85.5) | 28.5 (83.3) | 29.7 (85.5) | 31.7 (89.1) | 29.3 (84.7) | 27.1 (80.8) | 40.4 (104.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 18.3 (64.9) | 20.5 (68.9) | 25.1 (77.2) | 29.7 (85.5) | 33 (91) | 30.6 (87.1) | 26.3 (79.3) | 25.4 (77.7) | 25.6 (78.1) | 24.7 (76.5) | 21 (70) | 18.7 (65.7) | 24.9 (76.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) | 11.8 (53.2) | 16.2 (61.2) | 21.3 (70.3) | 25.6 (78.1) | 24.9 (76.8) | 22.9 (73.2) | 22.3 (72.1) | 21.5 (70.7) | 17.7 (63.9) | 12.7 (54.9) | 10.4 (50.7) | 10.2 (50.4) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 9 (0.4) | 2 (0.1) | 7 (0.3) | 3 (0.1) | 7 (0.3) | 122 (4.8) | 327 (12.9) | 274 (10.8) | 240 (9.4) | 30 (1.2) | 13 (0.5) | 5 (0.2) | 1,039 (41) |
Source: climate-data.org [13] |
Dewas has been ranked 15th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 3 population under 3 lakhs cities) in India. [14]
[ needs update ] As of the census, Dewas had a total population of 289,550, of which 150,081 were males and 139,469 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 35,437. The total number of literates in Dewas was 215,088, which constituted 74.3% of the population with male literacy of 79.9% and female literacy of 68.3%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Dewas was 84.6%, of which male literacy rate was 91.1% and female literacy rate was 77.7%. The Scheduled Castes population was 56,366, while the Scheduled Tribes population was 9,861. Dewas had 57,397 households in 2011. [1]
[15] The Member of Parliament from Dewas is Mahendra Singh Solanki of BJP who was elected in the Lok Sabha Election 2019. [16] As of the 2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, the member of the Legislative Assembly for Dewas is Gayatri Raje Pawar. [17]
Dewas was known for being a production centre of retail opium in the 1800s, as noted in the 1895 first report of the Royal Commission on Opium. [18] Rapid industrialisation took place in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but due to inadequate infrastructure, the pace has slowed since the late 1980s. In recent years, some industries have closed their operations due to a shortage of sufficient infrastructure to support growth; there is a shortage of water due to excessive usage in previous decades.[ citation needed ]
The city has many industrial units providing employment to thousands of workers. The largest companies include Tata International, Kirloskar, John Deere, Eicher Motors, Gajra Gears, [19] Cummins Turbo Technologies, STI Sanoh Steel Tubes Plant and Coparo Steel Tubes Unit. Dewas is known as the Soy Capital of India and is a major part of the soy bean processing industry in the country with major Soyabean Products brands like Kriti Nutrients, Prestige Agro-Tech, Mittal Soya Protein, Adani Agri Logistics etc.[ citation needed ]
Dewas is also one of the prominent Pharmaceutical Hubs of Madhya Pradesh and India as well with many pharmaceutical products manufacturing facilities and labs in Industrial areas of Dewas. Industrial Manufacturing Units of Ranbaxy Laboratories and Sun Pharma Industries are also situated here.
Due to its location above sea level at one corner of the Malwa plateau, constant wind flows in the region are suitable for harvesting wind energy. There are more than 100 wind mills on a series of hills 13 km (8.1 mi) from Dewas, generating around 60 megawatts (MW) of power. These were financed by a few private companies (mainly Suzlon Energy) which sought a reliable power supply. [20] [21] [22]
A Currency Printing Unit of Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited (SPMCIL) is situated in Dewas. Also known as Bank Note Press (BNP). It is an industrial unit of SPMCIL, established in the year 1974 is wholly owned by Government of India, Ministry of Finance and Department of Economic Affairs. BNP Dewas prints Indian Currency Notes (known as Indian Rupee or INR; Symbol: '₹') of denominations ₹50, ₹100, ₹500 and ₹2000 and is capable of printing Bank Notes of any denomination. The bank notes are printed with high security features which are necessary to impede forgery and to meet the essential standards of Reserve Bank of India. The unit has skilled and trained manpower totaling around 1400 employees in production. BNP campus is spread over an area of 185 hectares of land. In addition to the high security printing complex, there is a specialized Ink factory unit which produces Security Inks for BNP Dewas and other units of SPMCIL for the printing of other government documents. There is also a residential complex with nearly 1400 quarters for employees to reside. The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) provides security and fire coverage for the printing complex and transportation of bank note consignments.
In terms of print media, Satyakaar a daily evening newspaper is published from Dewas. Along with this, newspapers like Dainik Bhaskar, Naidunia, Patrika etc. published from Indore are also circulated here.
Dewas Junction (station code: DWX) is the main railway junction of Dewas city. It is a 'B' Grade Railway Junction, under the Ratlam division of the Western Railways zone. It is well connected to nearby junctions such as Indore Junction (INDB) to the north-west and Ujjain Junction (UJN) south-west, via an electrified rail line. It is situated on Indore–Gwalior line rail line.
Dewas is well connected to major cities across the state and country, via both National and State level highways. NH-47 and NH-52 connects Dewas to Indore and other cities of Madhya Pradesh. MP SH-18 connects Dewas to Bhopal, Ujjain and Ahmedabad.
Dewas does not have an airport or an airstrip of its own. The nearest airport is Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar Airport in Indore, which is about 40 km (25 mi) away by road. An airport is proposed to be built in Dewas district at Chapda village. Construction of the airport is stated to begin soon as of 2022. [23]
Dewas is known for the Devi Chamunda temple and the Devi Tulaja Bhavani temple situated on a 300-foot (91 m) hilltop (Tekri). A broad flight of stone steps leads to two shrines to the goddesses, Choti Mata (Chamunda Mata) and Badi Mata (Tulja Bhavani Mata). Numerous other temples spread over the Tekri can be explored on foot. [24] [25]
Madhya Pradesh is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Gwalior, Ujjain, Dewas, Sagar, Chhindwara and Rewa being the other major cities. Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 72 million residents. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the east, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest.
Chamunda, also known as Chamundeshwari, Chamundi or Charchika, is a fearsome form of Chandi, the Hindu mother goddess, Adi Parashakti and is one of the seven Matrikas.
Indore is the largest and most populous city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the commercial hub of Madhya Pradesh. It is consistently ranked as the cleanest city in India. It serves as the headquarters of both the Indore District and the Indore Division. It is also considered the state education hub and houses campuses of both the Indian Institute of Technology and the Indian Institute of Management. Located on the southern edge of Malwa Plateau, at an average altitude of 553 meters (1,814 ft) above sea level, it has the highest elevation among major cities of Central India. The city is 190 km (120 mi) west of the state capital of Bhopal. It is 57 km (35 mi) from Ujjain and 35 km (20 mi) from Dewas. Indore had a census-estimated 2011 population of 1,994,397 and 3,570,295. The city is distributed over a land area of just 530 square kilometres (200 sq mi), making Indore the most densely populated major city in the central province.
Malwa is a historical region of west-central India occupying a plateau of volcanic origin. Geologically, the Malwa Plateau generally refers to the volcanic upland north of the Vindhya Range. Politically and administratively, it is also synonymous with the former state of Madhya Bharat which was later merged with Madhya Pradesh. At present the historical Malwa region includes districts of western Madhya Pradesh and parts of south-eastern Rajasthan. Sometimes the definition of Malwa is extended to include the Nimar region south of the Vindhyas.
Ujjain or Ujjayinī is a city in Ujjain district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the fifth-largest city in Madhya Pradesh by population and is the administrative centre of Ujjain district and Ujjain division. It is one of the Hindu pilgrimage centres of Sapta Puri famous for the Kumbh Mela (Simhastha) held there every 12 years. The famous temple of Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga is located in the center of the city. The city has been one of the most prominent trade and political centres of the Indian Subcontinent from the time of the ancient Mahājanapadas until the British colonisation of India.
The Central India Agency was created in 1854, by amalgamating the Western Malwa Agency with other smaller political offices which formerly reported to the Governor-General of India. The agency was overseen by a political agent who maintained relations of the Government of India with the princely states and influence over them on behalf of the Governor-General. The headquarters of the agent were at Indore.
Dhar is a city located in Dhar district of the Malwa region in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The city is the administrative headquarters of the Dhar district. Before Indian independence from Great Britain, it was the capital of the Dhar princely state.
Pawar is an Indian surname found among the Maratha, Mahar or Koli people in Maharashtra.
Dewas District is a district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The town of Dewas is the district headquarters. It belongs to Ujjain Division.
Malwa Agency was an administrative section of British India's Central India Agency. The headquarters of the political agent was at Neemuch (Nimach). The other chief towns of the region were : Ratlam and Jaora.
The Gwalior State was a state within the Maratha Confederacy located in Central India. It was ruled by the House of Scindia, a Hindu Maratha dynasty. Following the dissolution of the Confederacy, it became part of the Central India Agency of the Indian Empire under British protection.
The Daly College is a group of institutions consisting of a co-educational private boarding, day school, a private junior school, an undergraduate management school and a postgraduate business school, located in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. It was founded by Sir Henry Daly of the British Indian Army during India's colonial British Raj, following an English public school model. The school started in 1870 as the Residency School. It was then renamed as the East Rajkumar College in 1876, and in 1882, it came to be known as The Daly College. It was established by the Resident Governor of the erstwhile Presidency, to educate the children of the royalty, nobility and aristocracy of Central Indian Princely States of the 'Marathas', 'Rajputs', 'Mohameddans' and 'Bundelas'. It is one of the oldest co-educational boarding schools in the world.
Dhar State was a princely state. It was a salute state in the colonial sway of the Central India Agency. Dhar began as one of the states during Maratha dominance in India about 1730. In 1941 it had an area of 1,798 square miles (4,660 km2) and a population of 253,210. Dhar was the capital of the state since 1732 (from the 1728 foundation, the Raja's first seat had been at Multhan in Dhar district. In 1948, it became part of Madhya Bharat.
Rao Nandlal Chaudhary was a Gaur Brahmin and the chief of the Zamindars of Kampel, near Indore. Under the suzerainty of the Mughals, he controlled Kampel and some of its surrounding area including Indore. He accepted the suzerainty of the Marathas, after the Nizam acceded to the Peshwa's demands in 1724.
Dewas State was a territory within Central India, which was the seat of two Maratha princely states during the British Raj. After the Maratha conquest of Central India, Dewas was divided into two states - Dewas Junior ruled by Jivaji Rao Puar and Dewas Senior ruled by Tukoji Rao Puar. On 12 December 1818, the 2 Dewas States became British protectorates.
Dewas Junior was established by Jivaji Rao I Puar in 1728 during the Maratha conquest of Central India. It was a 15-gun salute Maratha princely state. On 12 December 1818, it became a British protectorate.
Dewas Senior was established by Tukoji Rao I Pawar during the Maratha conquest of Central India. It was a 15 Gun Salute Maratha princely state. On 12 December 1818 it became a British protectorate.
Hemendra Singh Rao Pawar, was the titular Maharaja of Dhar State. He was a descendant of the Pawar (Puar) dynasty that ruled Dhar State.
Vikram Singh Rao II Puar, is the present titular and the 10th Maharaja of Dewas Senior. He is a descendant of the Maratha Puar (Pawar) dynasty. He ascended the 'Gadi' of Dewas Senior as the Maharaja, after the death of his father late HH Maharaja Tukoji Rao IV Puar at the Anand Bhawan Palace, Dewas. His mother Gayatri Raje Puar represents Dewas in Madhya Pradesh assembly, having won the election in 2018.
Dewas Tekri is a sacred mountain located in the city of Dewas, Madhya Pradesh, India. Tekri is known for its religious significance as it houses two important shrines: the Devi Chamunda Mata Temple and the Devi Tulja Bhavani Mata Temple. There are several other temples, including the Kalika Mata Temple, Hanuman Temple, Bhairav Baba Temple, Kho Kho Mata Temple, and Annapurna Mata Temple. The word 'Tekri' means 'hill' in the local language. The main festival celebrated at Tekri is Navaratri, during which people from all over the country come to seek the blessings of Mata.
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