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Transport in China has experienced major growth and expansion in recent years. Although China's transport system comprises a vast network of transport nodes across its huge territory, the nodes tend to concentrate in the more economically developed coastal areas and inland cities along major rivers. The physical state and comprehensiveness of China's transport infrastructure tend to vary widely by geography. While remote, rural areas still largely depend on non-mechanized means of transport, urban areas boast a wide variety of modern options, including a maglev system connecting the city center of Shanghai with Shanghai Pudong International Airport. Airports, roads, and railway construction will provide a massive employment boost in China over the next decade.
Transport in Pakistan is extensive and varied, and serves a population of over 240 million people. In recent years, new national highways have been built, with the addition of motorways which have improved trade and logistics within the country. Pakistan's rail network owned by Pakistan Railways is also undergoing expansion in recent years. Airports and seaports have been built with the addition of foreign and domestic funding. Transportation challenges in developing countries like Pakistan are escalating due to poor planning, inadequate governance, and corrupt practices. Consequently, these nations are grappling with a significant crisis in their transportation systems.
Incheon International Airport is the main international airport serving Seoul, South Korea. It is also one of the largest and busiest airports in the world.
Chennai International Airport is an international airport serving the city of Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu, India and its metropolitan area. It is located in Tirusulam, around 20 km (12 mi) southwest of the city centre. The airport is the 5th busiest airport in India, and 3rd by international traffic. It was also 49th busiest airport in Asia in 2018 making it one of the four major airports in India under the top 50 list of 2018. In financial year 2022-23, the airport handled over 18 million passengers.
Gwadar is a port city on the southwestern coast of the Pakistani province of Balochistan. The city is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea, opposite Oman and has a population of over 90,000, according to the 2017 census. It was an overseas possession of the Oman from 1783 to 1958. It is about 120 km (75 mi) southwest of Turbat. The sister port city of Chabahar in Iran's Sistan and Baluchestan provinces is about 170 km (110 mi) to the west of Gwadar. On 2 April 2021, it was declared the capital of the south Balochistan region.
The Gwadar Port is situated on the Arabian Sea at Gwadar in Balochistan province of Pakistan and is under the administrative control of the Maritime Secretary of Pakistan and operational control of the China Overseas Port Holding Company. The port features prominently in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) plan, and is considered to be a link between the Belt and Road Initiative and the Maritime Silk Road projects. It is about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Turbat, and 170 kilometres (110 mi) to the east of Chabahar Port.
Datong Yungang Airport is an airport serving the city of Datong in Shanxi Province, China. It is located north of the town of Beijiazao in Datong County, 15.2 kilometers from the city center.
Islamabad International Airport is the international airport serving Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan and Rawalpindi. It is located 25 km (16 mi) south-west of the city, and is accessed via Srinagar Highway.
Expressways are the highest class of roads in India. As of July 2023, India has a total length of 5,173 km (3,214 mi) of expressways. These are controlled-access highways where entrance and exits are controlled by the use of cloverleaf or trumpet or grade separated interchanges that are incorporated into the design of the expressway and designed for maximum speed of 120 km/h, whereas National highways are flyover access or tolled, where entrance and exit is through the side of the flyover, at each intersection of highway with road, flyovers are provided to bypass the city/town/village traffic and these highways are designed for speed of 100 km/h. Some roads are not access-controlled expressways but are still named expressways, such as the Biju Expressway, these are actually state highways that are not declared by the central government as an Expressway, hence not an Expressway or National Highway.
Shirdi International Airport is an international airport serving the city of Shirdi, Maharashtra, India. It is located at Kakadi, about 14 km (8.7 mi) southwest of the city and 22 km (14 mi) from Sangamner. It is the fourth busiest airport in the state after Mumbai, Pune, and Nagpur airports. The airport, spread over 400 hectares, is owned by the Maharashtra Airport Development Company (MADC) and was inaugurated by President, Ram Nath Kovind on 1 October 2017. Communication Navigation Surveillance (CNS) and Air Traffic Control (ATC) at the airport is operated by the Airports Authority of India (AAI).
The Shenyang–Haikou Expressway, designated as G15 and commonly referred to as the Shenhai Expressway is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Shenyang, Liaoning, and Haikou, Hainan. When fully complete, it will be 3,710 km (2,310 mi) in length. One of its oldest portions is the Shenyang–Dalian Expressway, or Shenda Expressway is a 400 km (250 mi) expressway that connects Shenyang and Dalian, the two largest cities of China's Liaoning province.
China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a 3,000 km Chinese infrastructure network project in construction in Pakistan. This sea-and-land-based corridor is aimed to secure and reduce the passage for China's energy imports from the Middle East, by avoiding the existing route from the Straits of Malacca between Malaysia and Indonesia, which, in case of war could be blockaded, and thus hamper the Chinese energy-dependent economic avenues. Developing a deep water port at Gwadar in the Arabian Sea and a well built road and rail line from this port to Xinjiang region in western China would be a shortcut for boosting the trade between Europe and China. In Pakistan, it aims to overcome an electricity shortfall, infrastructural development and modernize transportation networks. Along with shifting it from an agricultural based economic structure to industrial based.
The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, commonly just Maritime Silk Road (MSR), is the sea route part of the Belt and Road Initiative which is a Chinese strategic initiative to increase investment and foster collaboration across the historic Silk Road.
The Samruddhi Mahamarg or Nagpur-Mumbai Expressway and Maharashtra Expressway-2 (ME-2), is a partially opened 6-lane wide, 701-km long access-controlled expressway in Maharashtra, India. It is amongst the country's longest greenfield road projects, which will connect the two capital cities of the state, its capital, Mumbai, and its third-largest and alternate capital city, Nagpur. The project is being led by the state infrastructure arm Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (MSRDC), and is designed under the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) model.
Chandrapur Greenfield Airport is a greenfield airport to be built at Murti, 42 kilometres south of Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India. The Maharashtra Airport Development Company (MADC) is the nodal agency for the project. The airport will be developed in two phases. The first phase will be built on 720 acres of land, with a 2000 metre runway capable of handling turboprop aircraft like the Bombardier Q400 and ATR 72. In the second phase, the runway will be extended to 3000 metres to accommodate narrow-body jet aircraft like the Airbus A-320. The Airports Authority of India submitted its pre-feasibility report in January 2018, approving the site for the construction of a greenfield airport. Following this, the State government gave approval for the project and sanctioned funds for acquisition of 463 acres of private land and other administrative process. The land acquisition for the airport is expected to be completed by the end of financial year 2020/21.
New Chennai Greenfield International Airport is a proposed greenfield airport project to serve the city of Chennai, India. It will be built near Parandur of Kanchipuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It will serve the city alongside the existing Chennai International Airport. The proposed airport will be spread around 5,000 acres. The Government of Tamil Nadu has declared that Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation (TIDCO) will lead the project. The Airports Authority of India (AAI) conducted surveys on various areas near Chennai for a new airport for the city. Initially, a site near Sriperumbudur was fixed for the airport. But due to delays and cost of the land, the government decided to set the new airport in Parandur. The airport will also boost trade from Chennai and neighbouring districts as it will have its own dedicated cargo terminal, leading to a rapid increase in the economic development of the state.
The New Gwadar International Airport (NGIA) is under-construction airport in Gwadar, Pakistan. The airport is expected to be country's biggest when completed and be inaugurated by the Chinese leader Xi Jinping. Occupying 4,300 acres (17 km2) of land, it is located in Gurandani, 26 km north-east of the existing airport in Gwadar City on the south-western Arabian Sea coast of Balochistan region. NGIA is expected to cost $246 million. It is fully funded by China as a grant.
References
- ↑ "Role of greenfield airports in greening the India economy". Foreign Policy News. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
