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Transport in China has experienced major growth and expansion in recent years. Although China's transport system comprises a vast network of transport nodes across its huge territory, the nodes tend to concentrate in the more economically developed coastal areas and inland cities along major rivers. The physical state and comprehensiveness of China's transport infrastructure tend to vary widely by geography. While remote, rural areas still largely depend on non-mechanized means of transport, urban areas boast a wide variety of modern options, including a maglev system connecting the city center of Shanghai with Shanghai Pudong International Airport. Airports, roads, and railway construction will provide a massive employment boost in China over the next decade.
Transport in Pakistan is extensive and varied. In recent years, new national highways have been built, with the addition of motorways which have improved trade and logistics within the country. Pakistan's rail network is also undergoing expansion in recent years. Airports and seaports have been built with the addition of foreign and domestic funding. Transportation challenges in Pakistan are escalating due to poor planning, inadequate governance, and corrupt practices.
Gwadar is a port city on the southwestern coast of the Pakistani province of Balochistan. The city is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea, opposite Oman and has a population of over 90,000, according to the 2017 census. It was an overseas possession of Oman from 1783 to 1958. It is about 120 km (75 mi) southwest of Turbat. The sister port city of Chabahar in Iran's Sistan ve Baluchestan province is about 170 km (110 mi) to the west of Gwadar. On 2 April 2021, it was declared the winter capital of Balochistan.
The Gwadar Port is situated on the Arabian Sea at Gwadar in Balochistan province of Pakistan and is under the administrative control of the Maritime Secretary of Pakistan and operational control of the China Overseas Port Holding Company. The port features prominently in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and is considered to be a link between the Belt and Road Initiative and the Maritime Silk Road projects. It is about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Turbat, and 170 kilometres (110 mi) to the east of Chabahar Port.
Datong Yungang International Airport is an airport serving the city of Datong in Shanxi Province, China. It is located north of the town of Beijiazao in Datong County, 15.2 kilometers from the city center.
Islamabad International Airport is an international airport serving Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan and Rawalpindi. It is located 25 km (16 mi) south-west of the city, and is directly connected to the Lahore and Peshawar motorways as well to the capital city Islamabad via Srinagar Highway.
Expressways are the highest class of roads in India. As of December 2024, the total length of expressways in India was 6,059 km (3,765 mi), with 11,127.69 km (6,914.43 mi) under construction. As per NHAI and Indian Roads Congress, expressways are access controlled highways with a divided carriageway, designed for high speed vehicular movement and heavy traffic. There is a central reservation or median that separates the flow travelling in opposite directions. Entrance and exits are provided only by grade separated interchanges. The interchanges may be system interchanges used with other national or state highways or be service interchanges used with smaller roads. In contrast, National highways may or may not be divided by a median and may or may not have access control. Some highways, built by State Governments, which may be fully access controlled or may be limited access controlled, are declared or named as expressways by their respective State Governments.
Shirdi Airport is an international airport serving the city of Shirdi, Maharashtra, India. It is located at Kakadi, about 14 km (8.7 mi) southwest of the city and 22 km (14 mi) from Sangamner. It is the fourth-busiest airport in the state after Mumbai, Pune, and Nagpur airports. The airport, spread over 400 hectares, is owned by the Maharashtra Airport Development Company (MADC) and was inaugurated by President, Ram Nath Kovind on 1 October 2017. Communication Navigation Surveillance (CNS) and Air Traffic Control (ATC) at the airport is operated by the Airports Authority of India (AAI).
The Shenyang–Haikou Expressway, designated as G15 and commonly referred to as the Shenhai Expressway (沈海高速公路) is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Shenyang, Liaoning, and Haikou, Hainan. When fully complete, it will be 3,710 km (2,310 mi) in length. One of its oldest portions is the Shenyang–Dalian Expressway, or Shenda Expressway (沈大高速公路) is a 400 km (250 mi) expressway that connects Shenyang and Dalian, the two largest cities of China's Liaoning province.
China–Pakistan Economic Corridor is a 3,000 km Chinese infrastructure network project currently under construction in Pakistan. This sea-and-land-based corridor aims to secure and shorten the route for China’s energy imports from the Middle East, avoiding the existing path through the Straits of Malacca between Malaysia and Indonesia, which could be blockaded in case of war, thereby threatening China’s energy-dependent economy. Developing a deep-water port at Gwadar in the Arabian Sea and establishing a robust road and rail network from this port to the Xinjiang region in western China would serve as a shortcut, enhancing trade between Europe and China. In Pakistan, the project aims to address electricity shortages, develop infrastructure, and modernize transportation networks, while also transitioning the economy from an agriculture-based structure to an industrial one.
The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, commonly just Maritime Silk Road (MSR), is the sea route part of the Belt and Road Initiative which is a Chinese strategic initiative to increase investment and foster collaboration across the historic Silk Road.
Dalian Jinzhouwan International Airport is an international airport being built to serve the city of Dalian in Northeast China's Liaoning province. Once open, it will replace the existing Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport as the city's main airport. It is being built on a 21 square kilometres (8.1 sq mi) of reclaimed land off the coast of Dalian. Expected to be completed by 2035, it is set to become the world's largest offshore airport.
The Delhi–Mumbai Expressway is a 1,350 km long, 8-lane wide under-construction access-controlled expressway connecting India's national capital New Delhi to its financial capital Mumbai. The foundation stone for the project was laid by union minister of Road Transport & Highways Nitin Gadkari in the presence of Sushma Swaraj and Arun Jaitley on 8 March 2019 and it was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The total project value including the land acquisition cost is around ₹1,00,000 crores. It is expected to be completed by 2026.
The Samruddhi Mahamarg or Nagpur-Mumbai Expressway and Maharashtra Expressway-2 (ME-2), is a partially opened 6-lane wide, 701-km long access-controlled expressway in Maharashtra, India. It is amongst the country's longest greenfield road projects, which will connect the two capital cities of the state, its capital, Mumbai, and its third-largest and alternate capital city, Nagpur. This project was the brainchild of Devendra Fadnavis and was conceptualised by him when he was chief minister of the state back in 2015. It is being led by the state infrastructure arm Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (MSRDC), and is designed under the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) model.
Chandrapur Greenfield Airport is a greenfield airport to be built at Murti, 42 kilometres south of Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India. The Maharashtra Airport Development Company (MADC) is the nodal agency for the project. The airport will be developed in two phases. The first phase will be built on 720 acres of land, with a 2000 metre runway capable of handling turboprop aircraft like the Bombardier Q400 and ATR 72. In the second phase, the runway will be extended to 3000 metres to accommodate narrow-body jet aircraft like the Airbus A-320. The Airports Authority of India submitted its pre-feasibility report in January 2018, approving the site for the construction of a greenfield airport. Following this, the State government gave approval for the project and sanctioned funds for acquisition of 463 acres of private land and other administrative process. The land acquisition for the airport is expected to be completed by the end of financial year 2020/21.
Chennai Greenfield Airport is a proposed greenfield airport project to serve the Chennai Metropolitan Area in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is planned to be built near Parandur in Kanchipuram district, and will serve as the secondary airport alongside the existing Chennai International Airport.
The New Gwadar International Airport (NGIA) is an airport in Gwadar, Pakistan. It is the largest airport in Pakistan by area, occupying 4,300 acres (17 km2) of land, and is located in Gurandani, 26 km north-east of the existing airport in Gwadar on the south-western Arabian Sea coast of Balochistan Province. NGIA is expected to cost $246 million. It is mainly funded by China as a grant and was formally inaugurated on 14 October 2024 by Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and Premier of China Li Qiang. The airport is scheduled to replace the Gwadar International Airport. With a runway spanning 3,658 meters in length and 45 meters in width, NGIA is capable of accommodating the Airbus A380 and Boeing 747-8.
References
- ↑ "Role of greenfield airports in greening the India economy". Foreign Policy News. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
