Thane

For the district, see Thane district. For the taluka, see Thane taluka. For the medieval title, see thegn. For other uses, see Thane (disambiguation).

Thane
Metropolis
From top, left to right: Hiranandani Estate; Upvan Lake, Eastern express highway; Talao Pali
Nickname:  City of Lakes
Thane Location in Maharashtra, India Show map of Mumbai Thane Thane (Maharashtra) Show map of Maharashtra Thane Thane (India) Show map of India
Coordinates: 19°11′50″N72°58′20″E / 19.19722°N 72.97222°E / 19.19722; 72.97222
Country	India
State	Maharashtra
District	Thane
Government
• Type	Municipal Corporation
• Body	Thane Municipal Corporation
•  Mayor	Vacant
•  Deputy Mayor	Vacant
•  Municipal Commissioner	Saurabh Rao, IAS
Area
• Total	147 km2 (57 sq mi)
• Rank	15th
Elevation	7 m (23 ft)
Population  (2023)
• Total	2,537,000
• Rank	15
• Density	17,258/km2 (44,700/sq mi)
Demonym	Thanekar
Language
• Official	Marathi
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	400601—15
Telephone code	022
Vehicle registration	MH-04 (Thane City) MH-05 (Kalyan) MH-43 (Navi Mumbai)
Lok Sabha constituencies	Thane Kalyan Bhiwandi
Vidhan Sabha constituencies	Thane Kopri-Pachpakhadi Ovala-Majiwada Mumbra-Kalwa
Literacy (2017–18)	91.36%
Website	thanecity.gov.in

Thane (Marathi: [ˈʈʰaːɳeː] ; previously known as Thana, the official name until 1996) is a metropolitan city located on the northwestern side of the state of Maharashtra in India and on the northeastern side of Mumbai. It is an immediate neighbour of Mumbai city proper, and a part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. It is situated in the north-eastern portion of the Salsette Island.

Thane city is situated entirely within Thane taluka, one of the seven talukas of Thane district. It serves as the headquarters of the district. Thane city ranks as the 15th most populous city in India, with a population of 1,890,000 according to the 2011 census. ^[1]

Etymology and other names

The ancient name of Thana was Śrīsthāna. It appears as Thāna in early medieval Arab sources. ^[2]

The name Thane has been variously Romanised as Tana, ^[3] Thana, ^[4] Thâṇâ, ^[5] and Thame. ^[6] Ibn Battuta and Abulfeda knew it as Kukin Tana; Duarte Barbosa as Tana Mayambu. ^[7] Before 1996, the city was called "Thana", the British spelling of the city, until it was replaced with the more-local name.

History

A copper plate dating to AD 1078 was discovered near the foundations of Thane Fort in 1787. A land grant from Arikesara Devaraja, lord of Tagara, wherein he addresses the inhabitants of a city called "Sri Sthanaka". ^[8] For a long time, it was a military training and recruitment center of the Maratha Empire.

The East India Company occupied Salsette Island, Thana Fort, Fort Versova and the island fort of Karanja at the start of First Anglo-Maratha War, but after a short time it was recaptured by the forces of Haripant Phadke and Tukoji Holkar. After the conclusion of the Treaty of Salbai, both Thana Fort and the island of Salsette were taken over by the British. ^[9]

Geography

Thane district: places of Interest (1896 map)

Climate

Thane has a tropical monsoon climate that borders on a tropical wet and dry climate. The overall climate is equable with high rainfall days and minimal days of extreme temperatures.

Temperature in Thane varies from 22°C to 36°C. The region experiences winter temperatures that can drop to as low as 12°C at night, while summer temperatures can ascend to over 40°C at noon. The lowest daytime temperatures are typically observed during the peak of the summer monsoon in July and August, when temperatures can plummet to approximately 25°C. Around 80% of the total annual rainfall is concentrated in the period from June to October. The average annual rainfall is recorded at 2000–2500mm, and the humidity level ranges from 61% to 86%, rendering the area a humid zone.

Climate data for Thane (1991-2020)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	36.8 (98.2)	40.7 (105.3)	42.4 (108.3)	43.2 (109.8)	39.3 (102.7)	38.2 (100.8)	34.7 (94.5)	33.3 (91.9)	33.8 (92.8)	37.8 (100.0)	37.0 (98.6)	36.2 (97.2)	43.2 (109.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	32.5 (90.5)	33.9 (93.0)	35.1 (95.2)	36.1 (97.0)	35.0 (95.0)	33.5 (92.3)	31.2 (88.2)	30.4 (86.7)	31.1 (88.0)	34.0 (93.2)	34.1 (93.4)	33.4 (92.1)	33.5 (92.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	20.0 (68.0)	20.6 (69.1)	22.1 (71.8)	24.3 (75.7)	25.3 (77.5)	23.6 (74.5)	25.0 (77.0)	25.0 (77.0)	24.4 (75.9)	24.2 (75.6)	22.6 (72.7)	21.1 (70.0)	23.0 (73.4)
Record low °C (°F)	12.7 (54.9)	11.6 (52.9)	18.2 (64.8)	20.0 (68.0)	22.8 (73.0)	20.2 (68.4)	21.3 (70.3)	21.8 (71.2)	19.8 (67.6)	19.6 (67.3)	17.0 (62.6)	15.0 (59.0)	11.6 (52.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	3.1 (0.12)	1.0 (0.04)	1.5 (0.06)	2.3 (0.09)	25.1 (0.99)	541.3 (21.31)	922.0 (36.30)	539.7 (21.25)	326.9 (12.87)	93.2 (3.67)	19.1 (0.75)	2.3 (0.09)	2,477.5 (97.54)
Source 1: India Meteorological Department [10]
Source 2: Government of Maharashtra (precipitation)

Thane has been ranked 12th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' ^[11]

Lakes

No.	Name	Image	Details	Coordinates	Area (in hectares)
1	Ambe Ghosale Lake		At Meenatai Thakare Chowk, Castle Mill Naka (Opposite Desai Bunglow) in Uthalsar Ward committee	19°12′18″N72°58′31″E / 19.2050793°N 72.9752154°E / 19.2050793; 72.9752154	2.77
2	Brahamala Lake		Near Babubhai Petrol Pump in Uthalsar Ward Committee	19°12′10″N72°58′16″E / 19.2027567°N 72.9709916°E / 19.2027567; 72.9709916	0.5173
3	Burbank Lake		Inside Hiranandani Estate, between Park Avenue and Wood Street. To the west of it is Lake Enclave.	19°15′36″N72°58′52″E / 19.2599707°N 72.9811942°E / 19.2599707; 72.9811942	0.5857
4	Datiwali Lake		East side of Diva station situated in the marshland of Ulhas river in Mumbra Ward Committee Area	19°11′02″N73°03′07″E / 19.1839962°N 73.0519473°E / 19.1839962; 73.0519473	0.77
5	Dawala Lake		At Ovala in Majiwada-Manpada Prabhag Samiti		1.136
6	Desai Lake		On westside of Ulhas river, in Desai village in Mumbra Ward Committee	19°09′51″N73°04′10″E / 19.1641232°N 73.0694575°E / 19.1641232; 73.0694575	1.75
7	Devasar Lake		At the end of Bhayanderpada at foothills of Sanjay Gandhi National Park in Majiwada-Manpada Ward Committee		0.516
8	Diaghar Lake		At the outskirts of Diaghar village in Mumbra Ward Committee	19°08′17″N73°03′05″E / 19.1379237°N 73.051289°E / 19.1379237; 73.051289	0.363
9	Diva Lake		Situated just outside Diva station in Mumbra Ward Committee		0.405
10	Gokul Nagar Lake		It is a small lake situated in the heart of the city in the midst of Gokulnagar slums in Uthalsar Ward Committee	19°12′32″N72°58′34″E / 19.2089166°N 72.9761032°E / 19.2089166; 72.9761032	0.325
11	Hariyali Lake		Near Thane Railway Station in Kopari Ward Committee	19°11′09″N72°58′24″E / 19.1857429°N 72.9733627°E / 19.1857429; 72.9733627	0.7939
12	Jail Lake		Opp. Post Office beside Jail Water Tank in Uthalsar Ward committee	19°11′59″N72°58′35″E / 19.1997839°N 72.9762712°E / 19.1997839; 72.9762712	1.43
13	Jogila Lake		Near Uthalsar Ward office		approx 0.1
14	Kacharali Lake		Opp. TMC Head Office in Naupada Ward Committee	19°11′48″N72°57′50″E / 19.196585°N 72.96397553°E / 19.196585; 72.96397553	2
15	Kalwa Lake		Kalwa Ward office. Located close to railway station		2
16	Kasar-Wadavali Lake		Majivada, Manpada Ward office	19°16′18″N72°58′11″E / 19.2715869°N 72.9697747°E / 19.2715869; 72.9697747	4.5173
17	Kausa Lake		Mumbra Ward office, Kausa	19°09′56″N73°01′36″E / 19.1655582°N 73.0266244°E / 19.1655582; 73.0266244	1.5173
18	Kavesar Lake		Situated at Waghbill road		2.1746
19	Khardi Lake		The lake is situated in premises of khardipada, Shil		approx. 1.15
20	Kharegaon Lake		Kalwa Ward office		0.7377
21	Khidkali Lake		Mumbra Ward office Khidkali Lake is situated on the eastern side of the Thane creek near the Shil phata		1.7
22	Kolbad Lake		Uthalsar Ward office	19°12′18″N72°58′14″E / 19.2050383°N 72.9705398°E / 19.2050383; 72.9705398	1
23	Kolshet Lake		Manpada Ward office	19°14′18″N72°59′16″E / 19.2382826°N 72.9877929°E / 19.2382826; 72.9877929	1
24	Makhamali Talav		Uthalsar Ward office	19°11′55″N72°58′02″E / 19.1985078°N 72.9670846°E / 19.1985078; 72.9670846	1
25	Masunda Lake (Talao Pali)		Masunda Lake (also known as Talao Pali) is located on West of Thane, in the heart of Thane city. The lake is surrounded by important historic places like Gadkari Rangayatan, St. John church, Kopineshwar temple and Jambli market. There is a Mahadev Dhyan Mandir at the centre of the lake and also a statue of Shivaji Maharaj near the lake.	19°11′35″N72°58′26″E / 19.193°N 72.974°E / 19.193; 72.974	7.2
26	Naar Lake		Naar Lake is situated on outskirts of Thane along the Ghodbunder road		0.7550
27	Phadakepada Lake		Mumbra Ward office	19°09′28″N73°02′11″E / 19.1577508°N 73.0362564°E / 19.1577508; 73.0362564	1.71
28	Railadevi Lake		Railadevi Ward office	19°11′21″N72°57′26″E / 19.1893°N 72.9571°E / 19.1893; 72.9571	8
29	Rewale Lake		Majivada-manpada Ward office	19°13′08″N72°58′44″E / 19.2188281°N 72.9788438°E / 19.2188281; 72.9788438	0.5173
30	Shill Lake		Mumbra Ward office		6
31	Shivaji Nagar, Balkumb Lake		The lake is situated along old agra road next to water supply line in Balkum area		0.2247
32	Siddheshwar Lake		Uthalsar Ward office	19°12′05″N72°57′51″E / 19.2013031°N 72.9641928°E / 19.2013031; 72.9641928	3
33	Upvan Lake		Lake is located at the foothills of Yeoor. A statue of Lord Shiva is situated in the middle of the lake. A Ganesh temple is situated near lake.	19°13′17″N72°57′18″E / 19.2213999°N 72.9549703°E / 19.2213999; 72.9549703	6
Reference: [12]

Demographics

Religion in Thane (2011) [13]
Religion			Percent
Hinduism			73.91%
Islam			17.96%
Buddhism			4.18%
Christianity			1.88%
Jainism			1.40%
Others			0.67%

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1901	16,011	—
1911	15,591	−2.6%
1921	22,639	+45.2%
1931	21,816	−3.6%
1941	29,751	+36.4%
1951	74,310	+149.8%
1961	109,215	+47.0%
1971	207,352	+89.9%
1981	431,667	+108.2%
1991	803,389	+86.1%
2001	1,262,551	+57.2%
2011	1,841,488	+45.9%
Source: Government of India [14]

The population of Thane according to the 2011 census is 1,886,941. ^[15] The average literacy rate of Thane city is 91.36 percent for where male and female literacy was 94.19 and 88.14 percent respectively. The sex ratio of Thane city is 882 females per 1000 males. Child sex ratio is 900 girls per 1000 boys. Total children (0–6) in Thane city are 186,259 as per Census India report on 2011. There were 98,017 boys while 88,242 are girls. Children form 10.24% of total population of Thane City.

The primary language spoken in Thane is Marathi, with widespread understanding and usage of Hindi. Some of the East Indian families in the Khatri ward of Thane still speak Portuguese. ^[16] About 1,800 of India's approximately 5,000 Jews live in Thane. ^[17]

Languages in Thane (2011) ^[18]

1. Marathi (48.5%)
2. Hindi (19.59%)
3. Urdu (12.99%)
4. Gujarati (3.93%)
5. Bhojpuri (2.44%)
6. Kannada (1.37%)
7. Malayalam (1.29%)
8. Bengali (1.21%)
9. Tamil (1.15%)
10. Marwari (1.14%)
11. Konkani (0.94%)
12. Others (5.45%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 48.50% of the population spoke Marathi, 19.59% Hindi, 12.99% Urdu, 3.93% Gujarati, 2.44% Bhojpuri, 1.37% Kannada, 1.29% Malayalam, 1.21% Bengali, 1.15% Tamil, 1.14% Marwari and 0.94% Konkani as their first language. ^[18]

Sports

Cricket is the most popular sport in Thane. Dadoji Kondadev Stadium, a sports arena of cricket is present in the city. Thane comes under jurisdiction of Mumbai Cricket Association, the governing body for cricket in Mumbai. Its players play for the Mumbai cricket team in Indian domestic cricket. ^[19]

Transport

Railways

Thane railway viaducts

The smaller railway viaduct (top) and the longer railway viaduct (bottom) near Tanna (present day Thane) in 1855.

Thana was the terminus for the first ever passenger train in Asia. On 16 April 1853, the passenger train service was inaugurated between Bori Bunder (Bombay) and Thane. ^[20] Covering a distance of 34 km (21 mi), it was hauled by three locomotives: Sahib, Sindh and Sultan. The Thane viaducts, the first railway bridges, were built over the Thane creek when the Mumbai-Thane line was extended to Kalyan in May 1854.

Thane is connected with neighbouring suburbs through Central and Trans-Harbour Line Suburban railway network. Thane is a railway junction for the Thane-Vashi & Panvel Harbour Line and Central Line. It is one of the busiest stations in India and handles 654,000 passengers daily. ^{[21] [22]}

Thane railway station will soon be revamped, Work to start soon on Rs 800-crore project. ^[23]

Metro

As of January 2021, the MMRDA, the nodal agency for building 300 km of vast Metro network, has proposed a plan to build an elevated depot for three Metro lines : 4 (Wadala-Thane-Kasarvadavali), 4A (Kasarvadavali-Gaimukh), 10 (Gaimukh-Shivaji Nagar) and 11 (Wadala-General Post Office, CSMT) at one stop. This depot is proposed at Mogharpada, Thane. The total project cost is estimated to be ₹ 596.60 crore. ^[24]

As of 2019, Wadala and Thane are being connected through a Metro line. ^[25]

On 26 August 2015, the MMRDA sanctioned ₹354 billion for 118 km Mumbai metro network. This includes a 40-km Wadala-Ghatkopar-Thane-Kasarvadavali Metro-4 corridor via Wadala GPO and R.A.Kidwai Marg costing ₹120 billion. ^[26]

On 16 August, 2024, the Union Government gave its approval for Thane Metro, a 29 km ring metro project. ^[27] It will have 22 stations, and is expected to open in 2029. It will be executed by Maha Metro.

Thane Municipal Transport (TMT)

Main article: Thane Municipal Transport (TMT)

Thane Municipal Corporation started its transport service on 9 February 1989, known as Thane Municipal Transport (TMT). TMT provides services in Thane city and suburbs like Mulund, Borivali, Mira Road, Nala Sopara, Vasai, Bhiwandi and Navi Mumbai, among others. ^[28]

Number of —	Details
Buses	299
Routes	45
Depots	Anand Nagar (Ghodbunder Road) Kalwa Depot Kolshet Depot (proposed) Mulla Bagh Depot Wagle Estate Depot
Bus stands	8
Bus stops	874 [28]
km travelled per day	63,135
Daily bus trips	7,114
Daily passengers	280,017
Daily income	₹1,388,547/-
km travelled per day per bus	211
Employees	2,558 [28]

Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT)

Main article: Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport

NMMT Buses

Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) operates AC and Non-AC buses from Thane Cidco Bus Stand to various parts of Navi Mumbai (Airoli, Rabale, Ghansoli, Mahape, Kopar Khairane, Vashi, Turbhe, Nerul, Belapur, Kharghar, Kalamboli, Panvel) and also to Purna (via Kalher) and Bhiwandi (via Mankoli).

Mira Bhayandar Municipal Transport (MBMT)

Main article: Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Transport

MBMT Buses

Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Transport (MBMT) started from 2006. The buses ply from Dahisar Check naka towards Versova [Thane] Check naka. So till now majority of MBMT buses can be taken up at the Check naka only. MBMT has started new services to Thane City from January 2010.

Route	Route No	Starting	Destination (Thane)	Route Description
Ordinary	7	Bhayander Railway Station (West)	Ghodbunder Village	Kashimira [29]
Limited	10 LTD	Bhayander Railway Station (West)	Thane Railway Station (East)	Ghodbunder Road
Ordinary	29	Mira Road Railway Station	Marathon Chowk (Teen Haath Naka)	Ghodbunder Road

Vasai-Virar Municipal Transport (VVMT)

Vasai Virar Municipal Transport (VVMT) operates two routes in Thane. First from Vasai to Mulund Via Thane/Ghodbunder road and second from Nala Sopara to Thane Kopri.

Future of transport in Thane

A light rail network covering 42 km has been proposed in three phases. In the first phase, consultants have suggested connectivity between Balkum and Kolshet via Naupada. It will be 16.05 km long with 14.65 km elevated, and only 1.4 km on the surface, and 11 stations in all. ^[30]

Education

Schools

See also: List of schools in Thane

• D.A.V. Public School, Thane
• Euroschool, Thane West
• Hiranandani Foundation School
• Holy Cross Convent High School
• Little Flower High School, Thane
• New Horizon Scholars School, Thane
• Podar International School ^[31]
• Smt. Sulochanadevi Singhania School
• Sri Ma Vidyalaya, Patlipada, Thane
• St. John the Baptist High School, Thane
• Vasant Vihar High School

Colleges and Institutes

• A. P. Shah Institute of Technology
• Dr. V. N. Bedekar Institute of Management Studies And Law
• Institute of Management and Computer Studies
• KC College of Engineering
• Rajiv Gandhi Medical College
• Rustomjee Academy for Global Careers ^[32]
• Vidya Prasarak Mandal's Polytechnic

Notable people

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

• Amrita Arora, film actress
• Malaika Arora, film actress and dancer
• Jitendra Awhad, Indian politician
• Anand Dighe, former politician, popular by honorific "Dharmaveer". He was unit chief of Shiv Sena in Thane district.
• Hruta Durgule, Indian television actress
• Poorva Gokhale, television actress
• Avinash Jadhav, politician
• Suhas Joshi, film-television actor
• Umesh Kamat, film-television actor
• Sanjay Mukund Kelkar, politician
• Prajakta Koli, youtuber
• Kavita Lad, film-television actress
• Pramod Mahajan, Indian politician
• Priya Marathe, television actress
• Sanjeev Naik, politician
• Anand Paranjpe, politician
• Prakash Vishvanath Paranjape, politician
• Ravindra Phatak, politician
• Satish Pradhan, local politician
• Pratap Sarnaik, politician
• Prithvi Shaw, professional cricketer
• Eknath Shinde, present incumbent Chief minister of Maharashtra
• Shrikant Shinde, Indian politician
• Anant Tare, local politician
• Laxmi Narayan Tripathi, Indian LGBT activist
• Rajan Vichare, local politician

See also

• Battle of Thane 636
• 2013 Thane building collapse in Shil Phata
• Transportation in Thane
• Trans Thane Creek
• Chandanwadi
• List of towns and villages in Thane district
• Thane Creek

References

1. "District Profile | Thane District, Govt. of Maharashtra | India" . Retrieved 22 January 2021.
2. Verdon, Noémie (2015), "Conceptualisation of al-Hind by Arabic and Persian writers", in Himanshu Prabha Ray (ed.), Negotiating Cultural Identity: Landscapes in Early Medieval South Asian History, Routledge, p. 38, ISBN   978-1-317-34130-7
3. Butler, Alban; Peter Doyle, eds. (c. 1756), "Bd Thomas of Tolentino", Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints, A&C Black, p.  68, ISBN   9780860122531 .
4. Habig, Marion Alphonse (1979), The Franciscan Book of Saints, Franciscan Herald Press, cited in "Thomas of Tolentino and Companions", Roman Catholic Saints, retrieved 9 November 2016.
5. Cunha, J. Gerson da (1876), Notes on the History and Antiquities of Chaul and Bassein, Bombay, p.  174, ISBN   9788120608450 .
6. "Bl. Thomas of Tolentino", Catholic Online.
7. Cunha (1876) , p.  16.
8. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, p.  112 .
9. Sardesai, Govind (1915). New History of the Marathas Volume III. Phoenix Publications. p. 119.
10. "Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020" (PDF). India Meteorological Department . Retrieved 8 April 2024.
11. "Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024" (PDF). Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024. 7 September 2024.
12. "Thane Municipal Corporation | Lakes in Thane City". Archived from the original on 19 January 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
13. "Table C-16 Population By Religion: Maharashtra". census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
14. "Census Tables". censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
15. Census of India: Sub-District Details Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine . Censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
16. Thane Gazetteer: Population: Christians – Speech Archived 10 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine . Maharashtra.gov.in. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
17. "Jew in Thane". The Times of India . 20 October 2013. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
18. "Table C-16 Population By Mother Tongue: Maharashtra (Town level)". census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
19. "महिला आयपीएल लिलावा ठाण्यात" [Women's Premier League auction in Thane.]. Lokmat . 2 February 2023. p. 10. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
20. Colonialism: An International, Social, Cultural and Political encyclopedia By Melvin Eugene Page, Penny M. Sonnenburg, page 135 Archived 7 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine
21. Thane is busiest railway station in Mumbai – Times Of India . Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com (19 May 2013). Retrieved 16 July 2013.
22. "Kalyan, Kurla and Thane among the 10 dirtiest stations in the country". Archived from the original on 30 December 2018.
23. "Work to start soon on Rs 800-crore revamp of Thane railway station: Maharashtra minister". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 31 May 2023.
24. "Elevated Metro depot in Thane for 3 lines to cost Rs 596.60 crore". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
25. Soon, take a metro from south Mumbai to Thane Archived 30 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine . Hindustan Times (23 April 2013). Retrieved 16 July 2013.
26. Reporter, B. S. (26 August 2015). "MMRDA sanctions Rs 35,400 cr for 118 km Mumbai metro network". Archived from the original on 28 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
27. "Maha Metro". www.mahametro.org. Retrieved 3 March 2025.
28. Archived 13 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine
29. Know your Town Better Archived 9 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine . Mira-Road.com.
30. Times of India report. timesofindia.indiatimes.com. (26 December 2005).
31. "Podar International School". podareducation.org. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
32. "Best Vocational Education & Training Courses Institute in India | RAGC". Rustomjee Academy For Global Careers. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.

External links

• Thaneweb.com—The city portal
• Official Website of Thane Forest Circle Archived 23 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine
• ThaneMahapailika.com Archived 14 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine —Thane Municipal Corporation (Local Body)
• Official website of Thane City
• Thane District