Nanded

This article is about the municipality in Maharashtra, India. For its namesake district, see Nanded district. For its namesake taluka, see Nanded taluka.

Nanded
City
From top, left to right: Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Kaleshwar Mandir, Hazur Sahib, Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj statue, Ambedkar statue, Freedom statue and Godavari river
Nickname(s):  Nanditaṭa, Nandigrāma, City of Poets, City of Gurdwaras
Nanded Show map of Maharashtra Nanded Show map of India
Coordinates: 19°09′N77°18′E / 19.15°N 77.30°E / 19.15; 77.30
Country	India
State	Maharashtra
Region	Marathwada
District	Nanded district
Founded by	Nanda Dynasty
Named for	Gurudwara
Government
• Type	Maha-nagar Palika
• Body	Nanded-Waghala Municipal Corporation
•  Mayor	Vacant
•  Municipal Commissioner	Mahesh Kumar Doifode,IAS
•  MLAs	Mohanrao Marotrao Hambarde – Nanded South Balaji Kalyankar – Nanded North
• City Police Commissioner	-------, (IPS)
Area
• Total	63.22 km2 (24.41 sq mi)
Elevation	362 m (1,188 ft)
Population  (2011) [1]
• Total	550,439
• Rank	2nd (Marathwada) 79th (India)
• Density	8,700/km2 (23,000/sq mi)
Demonym	Nandedkar
Language
• Official	Marathi
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN CODE	431601 to 606
Telephone code	02462
ISO 3166 code	IN-MH
Vehicle registration	MH-26
Gross domestic product	INR 21,257.00crores (2013) [2]
Distance from Mumbai	575 kilometres (357 mi) E (land)
Distance from Hyderabad	293 kilometres (182 mi) NW (land)
Distance from Aurangabad	255 kilometres (158 mi) SE (land)
Website	www.nanded.nic.in

Nanded is a city in Maharashtra state, India. It is the tenth largest city in the state and the seventy-ninth most populous city in India. It is the second largest city in Marathwada region. It is the district headquarters of Nanded district.

The last Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh spent his last days in Nanded and passed his guruship to the sacred text Guru Granth Sahib before his death there in 1708. ^[3]

Location

Nanded is located on the banks of river Godavari in west-central India. Nanded district borders Latur district, Parbhani district and Hingoli district to the west and Yavatmal district to the north. The district is bordered by the Nizamabad, Kamareddy, Nirmal and Adilabad districts of Telangana state to the east and Bidar district of Karnataka state to the south.

Nanded has two parts: Old Nanded 20.62 square kilometres (7.96 sq mi) occupies the north bank of the Godavari river; New Nanded, to the south of the river, 31.14 square kilometres (12.02 sq mi) encompasses Waghala and neighbourhoods.

Etymology

From a copper plate inscription found at Washim, a town approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) north of Nanded, archaeologists deduce the city was formerly known as Nanditaṭa (Marathi : नंदितट). Another name was Nandigrāma. ^[4] Folklore suggests that the name "Nanded" developed from Nandi the Vahana of Shiva. Shiva was said to have performed penance on the banks (Taṭa) of the Godavari river. This "Nandi-taṭa" later became "Nanded".

History

Nanded is mentioned in Mahabharata as place of Bharat's maternal grandparents. In the 1st century CE, power in the area lay with the Andhrabhrtyas and Satvahanas. ^[5] In the 5th and 4th centuries BCE, Nanded was ruled by the Nanda dynasty. In the 3rd century BCE (about 272 to 231 BCE), it was part of the Maurya Empire under Ashoka. Local irrigation practices and Nanded itself are recorded in the treatise, Leela Charitra (late 1200s CE). ^[6] Nanded was the birthplace of three Marathi poet-saints—Vishnupant Shesa, Raghunath Shesa, and Vaman Pandit ^[7] Construction of Kandhar Fort, located in Kandhar, is attributed to the Rashtrakuta king Krishna III of Malkheda who ruled around 10th century CE.

From 1636, Nanded was the centre of governance of Nizam State, which includes present-day Telangana and Karnataka, and was an imperial province of the Mughal Badshah (emperor) Shah Jahan. In 1657, Nanded merged into Bidah Subah. Guru Nanak (1469 – 1539 CE) passed through Nanded on his way to Sri Lanka. Guru Gobind Singh (1666 – 1708 CE) arrived in Nanded with the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I (1643 – 1712 CE) near the end of August in 1707 CE. When Bahadur Shah moved on to Golconda, Guru Gobind Singh remained in Nanded. Guru Gobind Singh proclaimed he was the last (tenth) living guru and established the sacred text, the Guru Granth Sahib as an eternal "living" leader. Guru Gobind Singh died without a lineal descendant due to the martyrdom of his four sons. ^{[8] [9]}

In 1725, Nanded became part of Hyderabad State. ^[5] In about 1835, Maharaja Ranjit Singh commissioned the construction of a gurdwara at Nanded with the financial aid of Sikander Jah (3rd Nizam of hyderabad) ^{[10] [11]} It was built on the site of Guru Gobind Singh's cremation. The gurdwara is part of the Hazur Sahib.

After India gained independence in 1947, the Indian Armed Forces annexed Hyderabad and ended the rule of the Nizam in Operation Polo, ^[12] making Nanded part of the new Hyderabad State. Nanded remained part of the Hyderabad state until 1956 when it was included in the Bombay Presidency.

On 1 May 1960, Maharashtra state was created on a linguistic basis and the Marathi dominant Nanded district became part of Maharashtra. ^{[13] [14]} In December 2022, 25 Nanded district villages renewed their demand to merge with Telangana. ^[15]

Geography

Nanded urban area is 63.22 square kilometres (24.41 sq mi). ^[16] Nanded is built on the Deccan Traps lava flows of the upper cretaceous to lower eocene eras. The lava flows are overlain by thin alluvial deposits. The lava flows are horizontal and each flow has two distinct units. The highly weathered vesicular trap and underlying weathered jointed and fractured massive trap constitutes the main water-yielding zones. The soil is mostly formed from igneous rocks and are black, medium black, shallow and calcareous types having different depths and profiles.^{[ citation needed ]} Godavari river passes through the city.

Climate

Climate data for Nanded (1981–2010, extremes 1960–2008)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	36.0 (96.8)	39.5 (103.1)	42.0 (107.6)	45.5 (113.9)	46.6 (115.9)	46.7 (116.1)	40.3 (104.5)	39.0 (102.2)	38.2 (100.8)	38.8 (101.8)	38.8 (101.8)	35.1 (95.2)	46.7 (116.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	31.0 (87.8)	33.6 (92.5)	37.1 (98.8)	40.6 (105.1)	41.0 (105.8)	36.8 (98.2)	32.4 (90.3)	31.0 (87.8)	32.2 (90.0)	33.1 (91.6)	31.6 (88.9)	30.4 (86.7)	34.2 (93.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	13.8 (56.8)	15.0 (59.0)	18.7 (65.7)	23.0 (73.4)	25.4 (77.7)	24.3 (75.7)	22.9 (73.2)	22.4 (72.3)	22.1 (71.8)	19.8 (67.6)	15.9 (60.6)	12.8 (55.0)	19.7 (67.5)
Record low °C (°F)	4.9 (40.8)	6.4 (43.5)	10.4 (50.7)	13.4 (56.1)	19.0 (66.2)	17.4 (63.3)	15.2 (59.4)	13.6 (56.5)	14.2 (57.6)	11.2 (52.2)	5.0 (41.0)	3.6 (38.5)	3.6 (38.5)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	6.6 (0.26)	2.4 (0.09)	6.4 (0.25)	6.8 (0.27)	11.3 (0.44)	164.0 (6.46)	257.4 (10.13)	228.5 (9.00)	162.1 (6.38)	62.4 (2.46)	11.2 (0.44)	5.9 (0.23)	924.8 (36.41)
Average rainy days	0.7	0.3	0.6	0.6	1.3	7.7	11.5	11.5	7.8	3.0	0.9	0.7	46.5
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST)	37	28	27	22	25	49	65	68	61	49	40	38	43
Source: India Meteorological Department [17] [18]

Demographics

As of the ^[update] 2011 census, Nanded had a population of 550,564. The municipality had a gender ratio of 924 females per 1,000 males. 12.4 percent of the population were under six years old. Effective literacy was 87.40 percent. 81.74 percent of women were literate. Male literacy was 92.68 percent. ^[19]

Year	Male	Female	Total Population	Change	Religion (%)
					Hindu	Muslim	Christian	Sikhs	Buddhist	Jain	Other religions and persuasions	Religion not stated
2011 [20]	2,85,433	2,65,006	5,50,439	-	48.055	33.592	0.285	2.001	15.349	0.533	0.029	0.155

Transport

Road

Nanded lies on NH 61 (Kalyan–Ahmednagar–Parbhani–Nanded–Nirmal), NH 361 (Nagpur–Wardha-Yavatmal–Nanded-Latur–Solapur–Sangli–Kolhapur–Ratnagiri) and NH 161 (Akola–Washim–Hingoli–Nanded–Degloor–Sangareddy). MSRTC buses connect Nanded to many cities of the Maharashtra state. TSRTC buses connect Nanded to some cities of the Telangana state.

Rail

Hazur Sahib Nanded Railway Station

Main article: Hazur Sahib Nanded railway station

See also: Wardha–Nanded line

Hazur Sahib Nanded railway station is located on the Secunderabad–Manmad line of Nanded railway division of the South Central Railway Zone (SCR). Nanded railway division is one of the six railway divisions under South Central Railway zone of Indian Railways. Around 48 trains arrive and depart each day from this station. ^[21] Maltekdi railway station is another railway station serving city of Nanded.

Air

The Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Airport, Nanded is presently non-operational. It was served by daily TruJet flights to Hyderabad, Mumbai and Jalgaon. Air India used to operate flights to Amritsar, but these flights are currently suspended.

Economy

Crops grown around Nanded include cotton, bananas, sugarcane, mangoes, soya beans, sweet limes, Grapes, Papaya, and sorghum (jawar). Nanded has a Regional Cotton Research Center to support the Cotton-growing industry. There is an agricultural school operational under the aegis of Krishi Vidyapeeth of Parbhani.

Tourism is supported by 10 million annual visitors who are mostly religious pilgrims.

Education

Main article: List of educational institutions in Nanded (India)

On 17 September 1994, the Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University (SRTMU) was established in Nanded after a restructuring of the Marathwada University in Aurangabad. The university supervises the educational activities in senior colleges in four districts of Marathwada division.

Notable educational institutions in Nanded include the Dr. Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College and Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology.

Governance

The city of Nanded is managed by the Nanded-Waghala Municipal Corporation (NWCMC). The corporation consists of 81 democratically elected members. The Municipal Commissioner is the Chief Executive of the corporation.

Tourism

See also: Tourism in Marathwada

Nanded fort

Nanded Fort, also known as Nandgiri Fort is a fort located on the banks of Godavari river. The Godavari river encloses the fort on three sides. The fort has been converted into a garden to attract tourists. There is a water tank constructed in the fort.

Mandir

The Vedic rituals are regularly performed on the ghats of Godavari River which include Urvashi Ghat, Ram Ghat, and Govardhan Ghat. ^{[22] [23]}

• Shri Laxmi Nrusinh Mandir, Old Mondha, New Bridge.
• Kaleshwar Mandir, Vishnupuri
• Shani Mandir, Mondha
• Yagyavalkya Vedpathshala Saraswati Mandir, Shree Nagar
• Shri Yadav Ahir Samaj Mahamai Mata Mandir, Devinagar
• Ganpati Mandir, Trikut
• Hanuman Mandir, Trikut
• Datta Mandir, Trikut
• Rajput Sangh Renuka Mata Mandir, Mahurgarh
• Siddheshwar Mandir, Hottal – built during the Chalukya era, an example of Hemadpanti temple architecture. ^[24]
• Shiva Mandir, Tadkhel, Degloor Taluka – built with large stones displaying scripture by the Hindu king, Senapati.
• Jagdamba Mata Mandir, Tadkhel
• Shri Narsinh Mandir, Junna Kautha.

Gurdwara

• Hazur Sahib was built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. It is one of the Panj Takht , the five seats of higher authority for Sikhs. It is built at the site of cremation of Guru Gobind Singh. His remains and weapons are preserved at the site. ^[23]
• Gurdwara Nagina Ghat Sahib
• Gurdwara Banda Ghat Sahib (Baba Banda Singh Bahadur)
• Gurdwara Shikaar Ghat Sahib
• Gurdwara Baoli Sahib
• Gurdwara Heera Ghat
• Gurdwara Mata Sahib
• Gurdwara Maal Tekdi
• Gurdwara Sangat Sahib
• Gurdwara Nanakpuri Sahib (place of Guru Nanak)
• Gurdwara Bhajangarh Sahib

Church

• St. Francis De Sales Catholic Church
• Methodist Church
• Bethel AG Church
• The Pentecostal Mission (Church)
• Bethesda Ministries Church

Notable people

• Banda Singh Bahadur, a Sikh military commander.
• Datta Bhagat, an Ambedkarite author.
• Ashok Chavan, former Chief Minister of Maharashtra state and former Member of Parliament of the Nanded Loksabha constituency.
• Shankarrao Chavan, the former Chief minister and former Home minister of Maharashtra state.
• Prataprao Govindrao Chikhalikar, current Member of Parliament and former MLA
• Syed Sadatullah Husaini, president (Amir) of Jamaat-e-Islami Hind (JIH).
• Kamalkishor Kadam, a former minister of education.
• Nagnath Lalujirao Kottapalle, former Vice-chancellor of BAMU, an educationalist and an author.
• Narhar Ambadas Kurundkar, a scholar, critic and author.
• Vaman Pandit, a Marathi scholar and a poet.
• Guru Gobind Singh, the last Sikh Guru who died in Nanded.

See also

• Marathwada

References

1. "Nanded Waghala City Census 2011 data". Indian Census 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
2. Records, knoema. "District Gross Domestic Product of Maharashtra 2011-12 to 2019-20".
3. "Nanded". maharashtra government. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
4. Nanded City Nanded airport Corporation website.
5. Maharashtra State Gazetteers: Nanded. Director of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State. 1971. pp. 4, 576.
6. Proceedings – Indian History Congress. Indian History Congress. 2007. p. 331.
7. "Nanded | India". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
8. Journal of the United Service Institution of India, Volumes 1-2. United Service Institution of India. 1871. p. 58.
9. "The Sikh Review". Sikh Cultural Centre. 20 (218–229): 28. 1972.
10. "The Tribune - Windows - Feature". www.tribuneindia.com.
11. "Nanded Gurdwara: Shrine of the Holy Book". 11 February 2020.
12. Guruswamy, Mohan. "Police Action". Hyderabad on the Net. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
13. "Gazetteers Department – Bhir". maharashtra.gov.in (Government of Maharashtra). Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
14. "New Page 4". beed.nic.in. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
15. "Nanded villages demand merger with Telangana | Aurangabad News - Times of India". The Times of India .
16. Nanded home page Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine NWCMC
17. "Station: Nanded Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 535–536. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
18. "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M148. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
19. "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
20. Census India 2011.
21. "NED/Hazur Sahib Nanded (4 PFs) Railway Station – Today's Train Arrival Timings – India Rail Info – A Busy Junction for Travellers & Rail Enthusiasts". India Rail Info.
22. Tourism National Informatics Centre, India.
23. Nanded guruwara Maharashtra tourism, Government of India.
24. Siddheshwar Hottal Archived 5 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine Government of India.