Dhanbad | |
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Nickname(s): 'Coal Capital of India', 'Koylanchal' | |
Motto: City For All | |
Coordinates: 23°47′59″N86°25′50″E / 23.7998°N 86.4305°E | |
Country | India |
State | Jharkhand |
District | Dhanbad |
Government | |
• Type | Municipal governance in India (Municipal corporation) |
• Body | Dhanbad Municipal Corporation |
• Mayor | Chandrashekhar Agarwal (BJP) [1] [2] |
Area | |
• Metropolis | 275 km2 (106 sq mi) |
• Metro | 577 km2 (223 sq mi) |
Elevation | 222 m (728 ft) |
Population | |
• Metropolis | 1,162,472 |
• Rank | 33rd |
• Density | 4,200/km2 (11,000/sq mi) |
• Metro | 1,333,719 |
• Metro rank | 39th |
Languages | |
• Official | Hindi, English, Bengali, Khortha, Urdu |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
PIN | 826001 |
Telephone Code | 0326 |
Vehicle registration | JH-10 |
Metro GDP (PPP) | $95 million to $110 million [6] |
Website | www |
Dhanbad is the second-most populated city in the Indian state of Jharkhand [7] after Jamshedpur. [8] It ranks as the 39th largest city in India and is the 33rd largest million-plus urban agglomeration in India. Dhanbad shares its land borders with Paschim Bardhaman district and Purulia district of West Bengal and Bokaro, [9] Giridih and Jamtara districts of Jharkhand. The city is called the 'Coal Capital of India' for housing one of the largest coal mines in the country. [10] The prestigious institute, Indian School of Mines (now IIT Dhanbad) is situated in Dhanbad. [11] Apart from coal, it has also grown in information technology. [12]
Dhanbad is the 96th fastest growing city in the world, according to the City Mayors Foundation. [13] It is the 56th cleanest city of India, according to the 2019 Swachh Survekshan cleanliness survey. [14] It showed a great change in the city which was considered the dirtiest city in the 2018 Swachh Survekshan. [15] Dhanbad Municipal Corporation works for increasing green cover in the city. [16] Dhanbad is suffering from underground coal seam fire and harmful fumes coming out from the ground. Since colonial rule till date it can't be doused. Significant areas of Jharia coal belt area is fire affected. People residing there feared that very soon in future there will be land subsidence here. Among the rail divisions of Indian Railway, Dhanbad Rail Division is the largest revenue generator. [12] Dhanbad is ranked as the top city in India with the highest 4G mobile phone network availability in India by a survey of Opensignal. [17]
Dhanbad's economy revolves primarily around coal mining and related industries. It is home to several coal mines, including some of the largest in India. This extensive coal reserve has led to the establishment of various industries such as steel plants, power plants, and coal washeries, contributing significantly to the region's economic prosperity.
The present district used to be a part of Manbhum region and was occupied by Mundari tribals in the wilderness of South undivided Bihar. In the seventh century A.D. some information is available from the account of the travels of Hieun Tsang. These accounts narrate the existence of a powerful kingdom which comprised the district and adjoining areas, ruled by Sasanka. [18] Manbhum was one of the districts of the East India during the British Raj.
The region has thick forests, with rich mineral resources, and had a mixed demographic profile with people from different religious and social groups, including adivasis, particularly the Santals and the Mundas before the city was established. [19] After the Partition of India, the district became a part of Bihar state, and upon re-organization of the Indian states in the mid-1950s, the district became a part of the West Bengal. Purulia district was carved out of the district of Manbhum. [19]
In the Settlement Report for Manbhum (1928) it was stated that no rock inscriptions, copper plates or old coins were discovered and not a single document of copper plate or palm leaf was found, during the Survey and Settlement operations. The oldest authentic documents produced were all on paper and barely even a hundred years old. [20] Dhanbad city was in Manbhum district from 1928 up to 1956. [20] However, on 24 October 1956, Dhanbad district was carved out of Manbhum district with Dhanbad as District headquarter [21] on the recommendation of the States Reorganization Commission vide notification 1911.
This was done under the commitment and leadership of journalist, Satish Chandra. In the year 2006, Dhanbad celebrated 50 years of being an independent district and city. From 1956 to 14 November 2000, it was under Bihar. At present, it is in Jharkhand, after the creation of the state on 15 November 2000. [22] The discovery of rich deposits of coal in the region caused the city to flourish financially, but also bought notorious coal-mafia and gang wars [23] which continues to this day with areas of city like Wasseypur being most affected by the conflict. [23]
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Dhanbad has an average elevation of 227 m (745 ft). Its geographical length (extending from north to south) is 15 miles (24 km) and the breadth (stretching across east to West) is 10 miles (16 km). It shares its boundaries with West Bengal in the eastern and southern part, Giridih and Dumka in the North and Bokaro District in the west. Dhanbad comes under the Chota Nagpur Plateau.
The Damodar is a major river of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. It rises in Palamu and flows eastward between the plateaus of Ranchi and Hazaribag. It is joined by the Bokaro, the Konar and the Barakar rivers. [24] The Damodar enters Dhanbad district at its confluence with the Jamuria, a stream which marks the western boundary of Dhanbad with Hazaribagh District. Further east, the Damodar is joined by the Katri River which rises in the foothills below Parasnath and traverses through the coal-field area. [25] The Barakar, which forms the northern boundary of the district, traverses about 77 km. It flows in south westerly direction up to Durgapur and then south till it joins the Damodar near Chirkunda.
Dhanbad features a climate that is transitional between a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa) and a tropical wet and dry climate (Aw). [26] Summer starts from the first week of March and ends in mid-July. The peak temperature in summer can reach 48 °C. Dhanbad also receives heavy rainfall. In winter, the minimum temperature remains around 8 °C with a maximum of 25 °C.
Climate data for Dhanbad | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25 (77) | 28 (82) | 33 (91) | 38 (100) | 39 (102) | 35 (95) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 28 (82) | 25 (77) | 31 (88) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8 (46) | 14 (57) | 18 (64) | 23 (73) | 25 (77) | 25 (77) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 20 (68) | 14 (57) | 9 (48) | 19 (66) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 17 (0.7) | 18 (0.7) | 18 (0.7) | 22 (0.9) | 49 (1.9) | 192 (7.6) | 342 (13.5) | 311 (12.2) | 282 (11.1) | 105 (4.1) | 7 (0.3) | 5 (0.2) | 1,368 (53.9) |
Source: IMD |
Dhanbad has been ranked 34th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India. [27]
As of 2011 [update] census, Dhanbad City had a population of 1,162,472. [5] Males (614,722) constitute 53% of the population and females (547,750) 47%. It has a sex ratio of 891. Dhanbad has an average literacy rate of 79.47%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 86.14% and female literacy is 71.96%. [5] 10.57% of the population is under 5 years of age.
Hinduism is the dominant religion with over 81% adherents. The minority religions are Sikhism and Christianity. [5]
Dhanbad has one of the oldest and largest markets in the region and is also a centre of large scale industries. It is known for its coal mines and industrial establishments; the city is surrounded by about 112 coal mines [29] with a total production of 27.5 million tonnes and an annual income of 700 crore rupees through coal business. There are a number of coal washeries there.
Dhanbad is a leading center of education in eastern India. [30] [31] The city's education system is followed as of the Indian Education System. Schooling is followed by 10+2+3 plan. Most of the schools in Dhanbad are of CBSE, ICSE and state board. The medium of instruction in schools are Hindi, Santali and Urdu and as well as Bengali and Kurmali. [32] Notable schools in Dhanbad include: Dhanbad Public School (KG Ashram), Carmel School Digwadih, DAV Public School, Delhi Public School, De Nobili School Bhuli, De Nobili School CMRI, De Nobili School FRI, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Kendriya Vidyalaya and Tata D.A.V School. [33]
Binod Bihari Mahto Koyalanchal University is the public university of Dhanbad to which many colleges of the region are affiliated. [34] There are various engineering, medical and arts colleges in Dhanbad. Dhanbad is home to some of the leading engineering colleges of India —the Indian Institute of Technology, Birsa Institute of Technology and K. K. College of Engineering and Management. [35] The Indian Institute of Technology (formerly Indian School of Mines), was established by the British in 1926. [11] It is a premier engineering college of India. Birsa Institute of Technology in Sindri is one of the oldest government engineering college in India. [36]
SSLNT Women's College is one of the oldest women's science and art college in east India established in 1956. [37] [38] Raja Shiva Prasad College was established in 1949 by Raja of Jharia. The Patliputra Medical College and Hospital, established in 1971 is a premier medical college where applicants write the NEET exam to get enrolled. Other major institutions includes Law College, [39] Guru Nanak College, [40] P.K. Roy Memorial College, Bholaram Shibal Kharkia College, B.S.S Mahila College [41] and Al Iqra Teacher's Training College. [42]
Dhanbad city and district is considered a BJP stronghold with majority of its MPs MLA's being of the party since the 1990s. Chandra Shekhar Agrawal of BJP is the mayor; otherwise known as the first citizen, of Dhanbad Municipal Corporation. He won by the margin of 42,525 votes. [43] [44] [45]
Raj Sinha of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won in the 40-Dhanbad assembly constituency defeating Mannan Malick of the Indian National Congress in 2014. [46] Pashupati Nath Singh of BJP defeated Mannan Mallik of Congress in 2005, Prasadi Sao of RJD in 2000, and Ramadhar Yadav of JD in 1995. Surendra Prasad Roy of Congress defeated S.K. Shriva of JD in 1990 and Ram Chander Singh of Janata Party in 1985. Yogeshwar Prasad Yogesh of Congress defeated Gopi Kant Bakshi of CPI(M) in 1980 and Kalawati Devi of Janata Party. [47] [48]
Dhanbad assembly constituency is part of Dhanbad (Lok Sabha constituency). [49]
Election | Member | Party | |
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1991 | Rita Verma | Bharatiya Janata Party | |
1996 | Rita Verma | Bharatiya Janata Party | |
1998 | Rita Verma | Bharatiya Janata Party | |
1999 | Rita Verma | Bharatiya Janata Party | |
2004 | Chandra Shekhar Dubey | Indian National Congress | |
2009 | Pashupati Nath Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party | |
2014 | Pashupati Nath Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party | |
2019 | Pashupati Nath Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party | |
2024 | Dhullu Mahto | Bharatiya Janata Party |
This section needs additional citations for verification .(September 2020) |
Dhanbad has a very good rail connectivity with the other major parts of the country such as Delhi, Mumbai, Patna, Kolkata, Bhagalpur, Munger, Gaya, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Kochi, Indore, Bhopal, Gwalior, Durgapur, Asansol, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Visakhapatnam Jodhpur, Nagpur, Pune, Varanasi, Guwahati and Bangalore etc. Dhanbad railway division is the largest revenue generator in India. [50]
Dhanbad Rail Division comes under East Central Railway zone. Grand Chord rail-line passes through Dhanbad junction, it connects Howrah and New Delhi. CIC rail line starts from Dhanbad and ends at Singrauli in Madhya Pradesh. There is one more rail line passing through the district, it starts at Kharagpur and ends at Gomoh, this rail line comes under South Eastern Railway. Dhanbad is connected with almost all states through rail network. Each and every train through this has a stop at Dhanbad. Even Sealdah Duronto has a stoppage at Dhanbad.
On 1 October 2011, India's first AC double-decker train was flagged off to connect Howrah and Dhanbad. With this India joins the league of Europe and North America that run multi-deck trains. As of October 2011, the train runs daily except Sunday, departing from Howrah at 8:30 am to arrive at Dhanbad at 12:45 pm, and on return trip it departs Dhanbad at 6:30 pm to arrive at Howrah at 10:40 pm. It has a maximum permissible speed of 110 kilometres (68 mi)/hr with stops at Bardhaman, Durgapur, Asansol, Barakar and Kumardhubi on both legs of the route. This new AC design has several features namely stainless steel body, high-speed Eurofima design bogies with air springs and other safety-features. [51] [52] [53]
National Highway 19 and National Highway 18 are the major highways passing through Dhanbad. [54] NH 19 is part of Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) highway network; Dhanbad lies in Kolkata-Delhi link of the Golden Quadrilateral network. [55] NH19 is being converted into six lane expressway; NH 18 connects Dhanbad to Bokaro-Jamshedpur. [55]
National Highway 19 also emerges as a connector and transport system for various purpose connecting Delhi with Kolkata.[ citation needed ]
Private and State buses are available for inter-city traveling. [55]
This section needs additional citations for verification .(September 2020) |
Dhanbad Airport is used for private small aircraft and helicopters, currently there is no public air-link at the airport. The nearest public airports to Dhanbad are:
This section needs additional citations for verification .(September 2020) |
Cricket is the most popular sport in Dhanbad, followed by Football. Dhanbad is one of the centres where 34th National Games [56] was organised. Cricket Stadiums at present are at Tata Steel Stadium Digwadih, Nehru Stadium Jealgora and Railway Stadium where Ranji Trophy matches are organised. [57] Women's International Cricket were also played at Railway Stadium. Football matches of national level were played at Railway Stadium but now it is converted into Cricket Stadium by the Railway management. [58] Dhanbad officially became the second town in the state to boast a cricket stadium with floodlights, with the inauguration of floodlights at Tata Digwadih Stadium. [59]
This section needs additional citations for verification .(September 2020) |
Hindi newspapers are mainly published from the city, among them Hindustan Dainik is the most popular, followed by Prabhat Khabar , Dainik Jagran and Dainik Bhaskar . "Dhanbad Bokaro Live" is published from Dhanbad.
Doordarshan relay station is present in Dhanbad near Koyla Nagar. There are some local news channels in the city such as, Antarkatha which are creative media houses which broadcast on local cable on Dhanbad, Jharia, Bokaro, Chatra, Hazaribag, Koderma, Ramgarh etc.[ citation needed ]
FM radio is available as Vividh Bharti Service of All India Radio at 101.8 MHz.[ citation needed ]
Asansol is a city in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the second largest city in West Bengal. It is the 33rd largest urban agglomeration in India by population. Asansol is the district headquarters of Paschim Bardhaman district. According to a 2010 report released by the International Institute for Environment and Development, a UK-based policy research non-governmental body, Asansol was ranked 11th among Indian cities and 42nd in the world in its list of 100 fastest-growing cities. Asansol is classed as a Y-category city for calculation of HRA for public servants making it a "Tier-II" city.
Grand Chord is part of the Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line and Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai line. It acts as a link between Sitarampur, (Asansol), and Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Junction,, previously known as Mughalsarai Junction, and covers a stretch of 450.7 km (280.1 mi). The Coal India Corridor line that branches off from Dhanbad Junction and rejoins the Grand Chord at Son Nagar Junction is another major coal loading hub. It is a fully electrified, quadruple line section from Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay to Son Nagar and double line section from Son Nagar to Sitarampur. There are plans to triple the lines from Son Nagar to Dhanbad to accommodate the increasing traffic.. The entire line lies under the jurisdiction of three divisions, Mughalsarai railway division, Dhanbad railway division and Asansol railway division. The Grand chord section is the lifeline of the country, 2nd busiest railway section of India after Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh to Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Junction, Uttar Pradesh Main Line section, on which coal, steel and other important goods are moved from Eastern section to Western and Northern sections of the country. In the down direction, the traffic consists of mostly food grains, fertilizers and empty wagons for coal loading in the Jharkhand and West Bengal coal fields. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Junction is a transit division and the main objective is to maintain mobility of high density traffic. The present capacity of the Grand Chord is being optimally utilized. Traversing through Chota Nagpur Plateau of Jharkhand as well as parts of the fertile Gangetic plains of Bihar, the Grand Chord covers a stretch of 450.7 km (280.1 mi). The Grand Chord is renowned for its remarkable controlling of passenger traffic, despite being burdened with freight traffic.
Bokaro, officially known as Bokaro Steel City, is a large and planned city in Jharkhand, India. It is the fourth most populous city in the state and one of the first planned cities of India. Bokaro is the administrative headquarters of Bokaro district. The city is located on the banks of Garga River and on the fringes of Bokaro river and is surrounded by hill ranges at Giridih and Ramgarh districts. It is one of the most peaceful cities in India. As per 2011 census, the city's population was 563,417 and 1,100,000 of its metropolitan area. The city span across 183 km in geographic area.
Dhanbad district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Dhanbad is the administrative headquarters of this district. As of 2011, it is the second most populous district of Jharkhand, after Ranchi. It also has the lowest sex ratio in Jharkhand, at 908.
Amlabad is a census town in the Chandankiyari CD blocks in the Chas subdivision of the Bokaro district in the state of Jharkhand, India.
Chandrapura is a census town in the Chandrapura CD block in the Bermo subdivision of the Bokaro district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is situated on the northern banks of the river Damodar. The town is well known for the Chandrapura Thermal Power Station, a thermal-coal based power generation unit of Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) and De Nobili school which was established by Roberto de Nobili. The school is one of 16 schools supported by Damodar Valley Corporation, an Indian state-owned corporation.
Chas is a Municipal Corporation in the Chas subdivision of the Bokaro district in the state of Jharkhand, India. It is often referred to as a suburb of Bokaro Steel City, though it predates the steel plant. Chas is one of the fastest-growing urban regions in Jharkhand and was ranked as the cleanest locality of Eastern India and the 19th cleanest locality of India in 2018, according to Swachh Survekshan.
Jharia is a neighbourhood in Dhanbad city in Dhanbad Sadar subdivision of Dhanbad district in Jharkhand state, India. Jharia's economy is heavily dependent on the local coal fields, used to make coke. However, fires in the coal fields have made the city heavily polluted, with several government studies recommending relocation of much of the population to nearby Belgaria.
Katras is a neighbourhood in Dhanbad City in Dhanbad Sadar Subdivision in the Jharkhand state, India.
Kharkhari is a census town in Baghmara CD block in Dhanbad Sadar subdivision of Dhanbad district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
Malkera is a census town in Baghmara CD block in Dhanbad Sadar subdivision of Dhanbad district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
Phusro is a nagar parishad in the Bermo subdivision of the Bokaro district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is situated about 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the district headquarters of Bokaro district. Damodar River passes through it.
Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) is a statutory body which operates in the Damodar River area of West Bengal and Jharkhand states of India to handle the Damodar Valley Project, the first multipurpose river valley project of independent India. Indian Astrophysicist Meghnad Saha, the former chief architect of river planning in India, prepared the original plan for the Damodar Valley Project. It operates both thermal power stations and hydel power stations under the ownership of Ministry of Power, Government of India. DVC is headquartered in the Kolkata city of West Bengal, India.
Mahuda is a census town in Baghmara CD block in Dhanbad Sadar subdivision of Dhanbad district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
Dhanbad Junction railway station, station code DHN, is a railway station of the Indian railway serving the city of Dhanbad, the headquarters of Dhanbad district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is the largest railway station in Jharkhand, handling over 100 trains and 100000+ passengers every day. Dhanbad is also the headquarters of the Dhanbad Rail Division of the East Central Railway zone. Grand Chord rail-line that connects Howrah and New Delhi passes through Dhanbad junction. Dhanbad is located at 23°47′32″N86°25′42″E. It has an elevation of 235 metres (771 ft).
Gomoh Junction, officially known as Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Gomoh, is a railway junction station in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Several branch lines start here: Gomoh–Barkakana branch line, Gomoh–Muri branch line and Adra–Gomoh line. It is located in Dhanbad district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
Dhanbad Sadar subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the Dhanbad district in the state of Jharkhand, India.
Putki is a neighbourhood in Dhanbad in Dhanbad Sadar subdivision of Dhanbad district in the Indian state of Jharkhand
Bermo subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the Bokaro district in the North Chotanagpur division in the state of Jharkhand, India.
Chas subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the Bokaro district in the North Chotanagpur division in the state of Jharkhand, India.