Munger

Last updated

Munger
City
MungerFort.jpg
Munger Fort
Nickname: 
Yoga Nagri [1]
India Bihar location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Munger
Location in Bihar, India
India location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Munger
Munger (India)
Coordinates: 25°22′52″N86°27′54″E / 25.381°N 86.465°E / 25.381; 86.465
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
State Bihar
District Munger
Established1834
Founded by Chandragupta Maurya
Government
 • Type Municipal Corporation
 • BodyMunger Municipal Corporation
 •  Mayor Kumkum Devi
 •  Municipal Commissioner Kumar Abhishek
 •  MLA,Munger Pranav Kumar (BJP)
Area
[2]
 • Total
89 km2 (34 sq mi)
Elevation
43 m (141 ft)
Population
 (2011) [3]
 • Total
213,101
 • Rank11th in Bihar
 • Density2,400/km2 (6,200/sq mi)
Demonym Mungeri
Language
 • Official Hindi [4]
 • Additional official Urdu [4]
 • RegionalHindi, English, Angika, Maithili [5]
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
811201 to 811214 , 813201 [6]
Telephone code+91-6344
Vehicle registration BR-08
Website munger.nic.in

Munger, formerly spelt as Monghyr, [7] is a twin city and a Municipal Corporation situated in the Indian state of Bihar. [8] It is the administrative headquarters of Munger district and Munger Division. Munger was one of the major cities in Eastern India and undivided Bengal during Mughal period and British Raj. It is one of the major political, cultural, educational and commercial centers of Bihar and Eastern India. Munger is situated about 180km east of capital city Patna, about 480km west of Eastern India's largest city Kolkata and 1200km from country's capital New Delhi.

Contents

Historically, Munger is known for being an ancient seat of rule. The twin city comprises Munger and Jamalpur situated on the southern bank of the river Ganges. [9] It is situated 8 km from Jamalpur Junction, 180 km east of capital city Patna and 430 Km from Kolkata the capital of West Bengal.

Kastaharni Ghat Gangariver 23220.jpg
Kastaharni Ghat

Munger is said to have been founded by the Guptas (4th century CE) and contains a fort that houses the tomb of the Muslim saint Shah Mushk Nafā (died 1497). In 1763, the Nawab of Bengal Mir Qasim made Munger his capital and built an arsenal and several palaces. It was constituted a municipality in 1864.

History

In early medieval times, Munger was known as Mudgagiri (Sanskrit Mudgagiri, with no diacritics). [10] : 121  The name is derived from Sanskrit mudga, referring to the mung bean, plus giri, meaning hill. [11] : 355, 822  Mudgagiri was a royal residence of the Pala Empire. Sometime in the mid-800s, there was a significant battle fought at Mudgagiri between the Palas (possibly under Narayanapala) and the Pratiharas, possibly under Mihira Bhoja. Another Pratihara dynast, a feudatory ruler named Kakka, also took part in the battle, which was part of a Pratihara invasion of Bengal. Later, Munger was mentioned (as Mudgiri) as the residence of the Pala ruler Ramapala. In the 1100s, Mudgagiri seems to have been under Sena rule. A copper plate grant of the Gahadavala ruler Govindachandra indicates that he advanced as far as Mudgagiri in April 1146, and bathed in the Ganges here on the day of Akshaya Tritiya. According to R. D. Banerji, Govindachandra was likely leading a military expedition to Bengal at that point, and the expedition was evidently unsuccessful, leaving eastern Magadha under Sena control. [12] : 59, 92, 107 

Historically, Munger was located at a strategic bottleneck controlling the main route into Bengal from the west. To the south, travel was impeded by the steep hills; to the north, the numerous Ganges tributaries were the main obstacle. [13] : 258 

Geography

Climate

The climate of Munger is subtropical (warm in summer and cold during winter). The Köppen climate classification sub-type for this climate is humid subtropical. [14]

Climate data for Munger, India
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)23.5
(74.3)		26.4
(79.6)		32.5
(90.5)		37.0
(98.6)		37.9
(100.3)		35.5
(95.9)		31.9
(89.4)		31.2
(88.1)		31.5
(88.7)		30.8
(87.5)		27.7
(81.9)		24.2
(75.6)		30.8
(87.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)9.4
(48.9)		11.9
(53.4)		16.9
(62.4)		21.8
(71.3)		24.6
(76.3)		25.4
(77.7)		24.9
(76.8)		24.8
(76.6)		24.2
(75.5)		20.9
(69.7)		14.4
(57.9)		10
(50)		19.1
(66.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)15
(0.6)		18
(0.7)		13
(0.5)		13
(0.5)		41
(1.6)		170
(6.8)		300
(11.7)		280
(11)		230
(8.9)		81
(3.2)		5.1
(0.2)		2.5
(0.1)		1,160
(45.7)
Source: weatherbase [14]

Demographics

As per 2011 census, Munger Municipal Corporation has a total population of 213,101 out of which 113,173 were males and 99,928 were females. It had a sex ratio of 883. The population between 0 and 6 years was 29,260. The literacy rate of the 7+ population was 81.83 per cent. [15]

Religion in Munger
Religion
Hinduism
 
81.01%
Islam
 
18.02%
Christians
 
0.20%
Sikhism
 
0.04%
Others
 
0.34%
Distribution of religions [16]

Economy

Munger, along with Jamalpur are the major industrial cities in Bihar. [17] Munger is also one of the most prosperous cities in Bihar with a per capita income of INR 42,793 in FY 2020-21. [18]

Indian Railways operates of Asia's largest and oldest railway workshops at Jamalpur. This was set up by the British Raj in 1862. [19]

Munger has also ITC Factory established by the British. Ordinance Gun Factory Munger, ITC Milk Dairy and many others.[ citation needed ]

Culture

Munger is known for Sita Manpatthar (Sita charan) Sitacharan temple situated on a boulder in the middle of the Ganges in Munger (Anga Region) is the main center of public faith regarding Chhath festival. It is believed that Mata Sita performed the Chhath festival in Munger. It was only after this that Chhath Mahaparv started. That is why Chhath Mahaparva is celebrated with great pomp in Munger. [20] Munger is also famous for Durga Puja Mahotsav which is celebrated for 10 days. The first nine days are celebrated with great fervor across the city. On the 10th day evening, one side rushes to the Polo Grounds for Ravan Badh, while the other side prepares for a unique ritual known as "Shobha Yatra." The “Shobha Yatra of Badi Durga of Sadipur” marks the importance of Badi Durga of Munger all over the country. People from all over the city join this yatra, and the deity is immersed early in the morning in the holy river Ganges.

Places of interest

Transport

Rail

Munger Railway Station MungerRailwayStation.jpg
Munger Railway Station

Munger has two railway stations: Jamalpur Junction and Munger Railway Station. The former is the main railhead for the city while the latter, which was earlier called Purabsarai Railway Station, acts as suburban facility. Stations are connected with Sahibganj Loop.

The rail system provides connection to cities such as New Delhi, Mumbai,Surat, Yesvantpur Junction, Jamshedpur, Jammu Tawi, Dibrugarh, Guwahati, Lucknow, Patna, Ranchi, Agartala, Hyderabad, Deoghar Junction, Muzaffarpur Junction and Dhanbad. The Munger Ganga Bridge, which takes both rail and road-traffic, connects Munger to the nearby cities of Begusarai, Saharsa Junction, Katihar and Khagaria Junction as well as various districts of North Bihar. [29] The bridge is the third-largest rail-cum-road bridge in India. [30]

Road

Munger is connected to major parts of India by various National and State Highways. The major cities of Bihar and Jharkhand - such as Patna, Ranchi, Bhagalpur, Purnia, Katihar, Bihar sharif, Muzaffarpur, Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Gaya, Bokaro and Darbhanga - can be reached by NH33-IN.svg NH 33, NH333B-IN.svg NH 333B, NH333A-IN.svg NH 333A, NH31-IN.svg NH 31 and NH333-IN.svg NH 333 and various state Highways. Regular bus service are provided by BSRTC for all the major cities and other destinations. Citybuses, Taxies, Autorikshaw, E-Rickshaw, etc. are available all the times in the entire city for transportation.

Munger Ganga Rail Road Bridge.jpg

The Munger Ganga Bridge links Munger to various districts of North Bihar and north-eastern India by 2021.[ citation needed ]

Air

Munger Airport is located in Safyabad, which is 5 km from Munger. It was re-inaugurated by Chief Minister Nitish Kumar on 24 May 2016. [31] [32] Munger has no international airport with commercial service. Domestic airport with commercial service is Jay Prakash Narayan Airport in Patna around 180 km away, which is served by all major airlines.

The nearest international airport is Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport in Kolkata, which is around 480 km away.

Education

Notable people

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. ↑ "Economy | Munger District, Government of Bihar | India". munger.nic.in. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  2. ↑ "Munger City" (PDF). nagarseva.bihar.gov.in. Retrieved 22 November 2020.[ permanent dead link ]
  3. ↑ "Census of India Search details". censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  4. 1 2 "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  5. ↑ "language | Munger District, Government of Bihar | India". munger.nic.in. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  6. ↑ "MUNGER Pin Code - 811201, Munger All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search MUNGER Post Office Address". ABP Live. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  7. ↑ Kerkhoff, Kathinka Sinha (2014). Colonising Plants in Bihar (1760-1950). PartridgeIndia. p. 229. ISBN   978-1-4828-3911-1.
  8. ↑ "CDP Munger" (PDF). Urban department, Government of Bihar. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  9. ↑ "CDP Jamalpur" (PDF). Urban Department, Government of Bihar. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  10. ↑ Pandey, Akash; Sen, Sushmita; Maurya, Rahul (2024). "Mudgagiri, a Pāla "Jayaskandhāvāra": An Assessment of Recent Sculptural and Inscriptional Findings at Munger, Bihar". South Asian Studies. 40 (2): 121–43. doi:10.1080/02666030.2024.2391633 . Retrieved 29 January 2025.
  11. ↑ Monier-Williams, Monier (1899). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
  12. ↑ Banerji, Rakhal Das (1915). The Pālas of Bengal . Retrieved 29 January 2025.
  13. ↑ Wink, André (1997). Al-Hind: the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol. II: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th-13th Centuries. The Netherlands: Brill. ISBN   9004102361.
  14. 1 2 "weatherbase.com". weatherbase. 2014. Archived from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017. Retrieved on 8 April 2014.
  15. ↑ "Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  16. ↑ "Census of india:Socio-cultural aspects". Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. Retrieved 9 March 2014.[ permanent dead link ]
  17. ↑ "About Hajipur". www.HajipurOnline.in. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  18. ↑ Chaudhary, Pranav (27 February 2023). "Patna, Begusarai, Munger emerge most prosperous districts of Bihar". The Statesman. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  19. ↑ Kumod Verma (28 November 2013). "Minister releases stamp on Jamalpur railway workshop". Times of India. TNN. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  20. ↑ "Sitacharan Temple." Live Hindustan.livehindustan.com" . Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  21. ↑ "Sita Kund | Munger District, Government of Bihar | India" . Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  22. ↑ "कुदरत का करिश्मा, ठंड में भी यहां बहता है गर्म पानी". Hindustan (in Hindi). 13 October 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 Bihar, Incredible Munger (28 December 2018). "10 best places to visit in Munger during new year". IM-BIHAR. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  24. ↑ Bihar, Incredible Munger (25 March 2020). "Pir Pahar: The heritage site of Munger, Bihar". IM-BIHAR. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
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  26. ↑ "Mir Kasim Tunnel | Munger District, Government of Bihar | India" . Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  27. ↑ "Pir Shah Nafah Shrine | Munger District, Government of Bihar | India" . Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  28. ↑ "Goyanka Shivalaya (Mirchi Talab) | Munger District, Government of Bihar | India" . Retrieved 1 November 2020.
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  30. ↑ "Top ten rail road bridges in india". Walk Through India. 3 October 2012. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
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  32. ↑ Kashi Prasad (19 May 2016). "Nitish to open renovated airstrip". The Times of India . Munger. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
  33. ↑ "Constituent Colleges Under T. M. Bhagalpur University". Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  34. ↑ "बिहार के इस जिले में बनकर तैयार हुआ राज्य का पहला वानिकी कॉलेज, जल्द ही इन विषयों की पढ़ाई होगी शुरू". Prabhat Khabar (in Hindi). 7 January 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  35. ↑ Kumar, Madan (2 July 2018). "Former MP Monazir Hassan returns to JD(U) after a gap of four years". The Times of India. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  36. ↑ Rajalakshmi, T. K. (30 June 2006). "Scholar of society". Frontline. Vol. 23, no. 12. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011.
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