Singareni Collieries Company

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The Singareni Collieries Company Limited
Native name
ది సింగరేణి కాలరీస్ కంపెనీ లిమిటెడ్
Company type State Government Corporation
Industry mining
mining of hard coal  OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Founded23 December 1920;103 years ago (23 December 1920)
Headquarters Kothagudem, Bhadradri Kothagudem district, & Ramagundam Telangana
Area served
350 km of Pranahita - Godavari Valley of Telangana State, Covering 6 Districts
Key people
Shri. N .Balram, IRS Director (Finance And (PA & W) , Chairman & Managing Director ( SCCL)
Products Coal Mining & Power
Owner Department of Energy, Government of Telangana
Website scclmines.com

The Singareni Collieries Company Limited or SCCL is a government-owned-coal mining corporation in India. It is under the ownership of Department of Energy, Government of Telangana. The Union Government's administration of the company is through the 49% ownership held by Ministry of Coal. SCCL is currently operating 40 mines where 18 opencast and 22 underground mines in 6 districts of Telangana (restwhile 4 districts of AP) with a manpower around 39,856 as of November 2023. SCCL is contributing 9.2% in the all India Domestic Production. Since inception (1889) 1.36 BT of Coal is extracted by SCCL and it has proved reserves of 10.84 BT.

Contents

History

In the year 1871, NIZAM's Ruled Dr.William King of the Geological Survey of India discovered coal near Yellandu in Khammam district and one of the important coal seams bore his name. He named the upper seam of the coal as Queen seam and the lower seam as King seam. The Hyderabad (Deccan) Company Limited incorporated in England acquired mining rights in 1886 to exploit coal found in Yellandu area. The present Company was incorporated on 23 December 1920 under the Hyderabad Companies Act as a public limited company with the name 'The Singareni Collieries Company Limited' (SCCL). It acquired all the assets and liabilities of the Hyderabad (Deccan) Co. Ltd. Best & Co., acted as Secretaries and Selling Agents. The State of Hyderabad purchased majority shares of the Company in 1945. From 1945 to 1949, the Hyderabad Construction Co., Ltd., was acting as Managing Agent. In 1949 this function was entrusted to Industrial Trust Fund by the then Government of Hyderabad. The controlling interest of the Company devolved on the Government of Andhra Pradesh in 1956 pursuant to the reorganization of States. Thus, the SCCL became a Government Company under the Companies Act in 1956.

It is named after the village Singareni in Khammam district, Telangana where the coal mines are first noticed . The manner of extending financial assistance for expansion of SCCL by the Govt. of A.P., and the Govt. of India during V plan period was agreed upon in the Four party Agreement executed on 10 June 1974. Subsequently, the Govt. of India decided to control its equity directly in SCCL. Accordingly, agreement was concluded on 13 December 1977. The SCCL, the Government of A.P., the Government of India and Coal India Limited were parties to the agreement. These two agreements are popularly called quadripartite agreements.

For financial and other assistance during VI, VII, VIII, IX & X Plan periods, separate agreements were executed on 31 March 1985, 10 February 1989, 24 September 1994, 11 January 2002, 19 October 2004 and 11 June 2010 between the Government of India, the Government of Andhra Pradesh and SCCL. These agreements are called tripartite agreements.

The company's accredited function is to explore and exploit the coal deposits in the Godavari valley coalfield, which is the only repository of coal in South India. Mining activities of SCCL are presently spread over six districts of Telangana Viz., Komaram Bheem, Mancherial, Peddapalli district, Jayashankar Bhupalpalli, Bhadradri Kothagudem and Khammam Districts.

The studies of Geological Survey of India attribute as much as 22,016 million tonnes of coal reserves in the Godavari valley coalfield. The inventory covers up to a depth of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) and it includes reserves proved, indicated as well as inferred.

The coal extracted by SCCL in the Godavari valley coalfield up to the year 2009-10 was about 929.11 million tonnes.

The Mile Stones of SCCL in introducing New Technologies

SCCL is a pioneer in India in introduction of new technologies.

YearTechnology DescriptionRemarks
2020300 MW Captive Solar Power PlantsStarted generating Solar Power for Captive use
2016 2 X 600 MW Thermal Power Plant First Government Coal Company generating Thermal Power for Commercial use
2015Mine Cruiser
2014High Capacity LW at Adriyala
2010High Wall Mining
2011Processed Over Burden started at BhupalpallyUsed as stowing material in the UG Mines as an alternate of scarce of River sand.

Achieved "Golden Peacock Innovative Product/Service Award" in 2015 at Dubai.

2009Light Weight Cap LampsImplemented in all UG mines
2008Diesel Operated UG Machinery
2008 ERP (SAP)First Government Coal Company to introduce SAP
20073D Laser ScannerUsed for mine surveying
2003Phasing Out Manual Coal filling launched
2002Man-Riding System in Conventional MinesTo reduce travelling time and fatigue of workmen.
1994In-pit Crushing and Conveying
1989French Blasting Gallery Method
1986Walking Dragline
1983 Long Wall Mining
1981Load Haul Dumpers and Headers
1979Side Discharge Loaders
1975 Open Cast Mining
1954Flame Proof Electric Equipment
1953Electric Cap Lamps
1951Electric Coal drills
1948Machine Mining (Joy loader and Shuttle cars)

Production & Dispatch

Coal Production, Coal dispatch and OB removal of SCCL

YearProduction (MT)Coal Dispatch (MT)OB Removal (M.Cu.Mt)No. of Employees
2023-2470.0269.86420.3241837
2022-202367.1466.69410.1142733
2021-2265.0265.52383.3943672
2020-2150.5848.51322.0043895
2019-2064.0462.46348.9746021
2018-1964.4067.67386.3648942
2017-1862.0164.62392.7554043
2016-1761.3460.83315.0056282
2015-1660.3858.68310.7658491
2014-1552.5452.73262.8258837
2013-1450.4747.94170.2961778
2012-1353.1953.34175.8464600
2011-1252.2151.50209.7366466
2010-1151.3350.14216.9667615
2009-1050.4349.37247.0569043
2008-0944.5444.41184.6470586
2007-0840.6041.79140.7275573

Coal Production Technology Wise

YearHand SectionSemi-Mechanised

(SDL & LHD)

Mechanized

(Longwall,

Continuous Miner RH,

HW Bolter Miner)

UG (Total)OC (Total)Total
2019-2008.6655.3764.04
2018-190.029.1755.2364.40
2017-180.156.91.278.31 (13%)53.7062.01
2016-170.237.311.989.52 (16%)51.8261.34
2015-160.447.282.9410.65 (18%)49.7360.38
2014-150.736.852.6210.20 (19%)42.3452.54
2013-141.177.172.2110.55 (21%)39.9250.47

Coal Production in Grade-Wise

More than 80% of SCCL coal production is between G9 to G17.

GradeGCV in

K.Cal/Kg

% in TotalGradeGCV in

K.Cal/Kg

% in Total
G1Above 7000-G104301 - 460017.5
G26701 - 7000-G114001 - 430018.7
G36401 - 6700-G123701 - 40003.0
G46101 - 6400-G133401 - 370018.7
G55801 - 61001.5G143101 - 34004.3
G65501 - 5800-G152801 - 31004.8
G75201 - 550010.1G162501 - 28001.4
G84901 - 52006.6G172201 - 25000.6
G94601 - 490012.5UGBelow 22000.4

Coal off-take Sector Wise

The SCCL mode of transport of coal is through Rail (NGSR)65%, MGR 15% (Merigold Rail), Road 19% and through Rope 1%.

YearPower

(Utility)

Power

(Captive)

CementOtherTotal
2017-1853.882.782.576.2765.50
2016-1750.661.802.246.1260.82
2015-1647.322.013.146.2158.68
2014-1539.212.404.646.4852.73
2013-1434.272.544.936.2047.94
2012-1338.163.155.486.5553.34

Quality of Coal

A 3rd party sampling: It is introduced from 28.07.2016 first with NTPC. The CIMFR is the third party agency all SCCL dispatch points and now presently it is implemented with all power consumers.

Washing of Coal: 3 washeries with 1MTPA capacity each in operation. Two more coal washeries with 7 MTPA total capacity are in pipeline.

Power Generation

2 X 600 MW Singareni Thermal power Plant at Jaipur, Mancherial district

Unit-1 COD at 25.09.2016 and Unit-2 COD at 02.12.2016

YearGenerationExportPLF
Unit#1Unit#2StationUnit#1Unit#2StationUnit#1Unit#2Station
2021-229352.938807.5788.97
2020-217345.066895.3369.87
2019-209226.888672.3287.53
2018-194455.094243.398698.484203.424007.608211.0284.7680.7382.75
2017-184606.074969.199575.26433546689004.0287.6394.5491.09
2016-172098.031443.433541.46196213503311.8277.7984.0380.22
Jun 2016

to COD

455.85252.06707.91634.31
Total22523.1121161.17

New mines in near future

SCCL is planning to open 14 mines (6 new Underground mines and 8 opencast mines) with a capacity addition of 52.37 MT in next 5 years.

Sl.NoNew ProjectOC/UGCapacity in MTPA
1Kasipet- 2 inclineUG0.470
2KK-6 InclineUG0.800
3Kondapuram MineUG0.700
4Rampuram Shaft BlockUG1.400
5KTK-3 Incline with LWUG1.000
6Expansion of KTK-5 Incline with LWUG0.700
7Indaram OCPOC1.200
8KOC - IIIOC3.600
9Kistaram OCPOC2.000
10KTK OC-III ProjectOC2.500
11Sravanapalli OCOC3.000
12GDK - 10 OCOC5.000
13Naini Block (Odisha)OC10.00
14Patrapada (Odisha)OC20.00
Total52.37

New Mines opened

New mines which are opened in past 5 Years

YearNo. of MinesTotal rated capacity (MTPA)Name of the projects
2017 - 18313.50JVR OCII

KK OC

KTK OCII

2016-1722.50MNG OC

BPA OCII

2015-1612.00RG OC III Exp. Ph-2
2014-1512.81Adriyala Shaft Project
2013-14---
2012-1325.00JK5 and

RKP

SCCL Future Targets

SCCL has a vision for 2023–24 to reach:

Profit Sharing to miners

SCCL offering profit share to miners, which began in 1999–2000 with 10% bonus.

YearCompany Profit after Tax

(Crores)

Profit Share as Bonus

(Crores)

Percentage %
2021-20221227.04368.1130
2020-2021272.2079.0929
2019-2020993.86278.2828
2018-20191766.66494.6628
2017-20181212327.2427
2016-2017395.3898.8425
2015-20161066.13230.2623
2014-2015490.44103.1121
2013-201441983.6320
2012-201340171.0518
2011-201235960.0917
2010-201135156.1716
2009-2010286.0142.8816
2008-2009132.8321.2516
2007-2008176.1728.1916
2006-200763.839.5715
2005-2006184.6322.1515
2004-2005361.2543.3512
2003-2004164.4419.7312
2002-200341745.8711
2001-20022902910
2000-2001858.510
1999-20003003010

Succession of Administrators

Sl.
No.		YearsNameDesignationHighest
Degree		Notes
11921 - 1934 Sir Gordon Fraser, [1] OBE Chairperson (CP)
21934 - 1942 Mr. L. C. Croslegh [2] CP
31942 - 1945Sir Robert Denniston, [3] OBECP
41946Mr. Zahid Husain, C. I. E. CP
51947 Nawab Liakat Jung Bahadur [4] CP
61948 Nawab Moin Nawaz Jung Bahadur CP
71948 - 1949Mr. D. R. Pradhan, [5] I. C. S. CP
81949 - 1952Mr. C. V. S. Rao, [6] C. I. E.CP
91952 - 1956 Dr. G. S. Melkote CP M.B.B.S. [7]
101956 - 1957Mr. K. Venkata Rao CP PUC
111957 - 1958Mr. S. J. Tarapore [8] CP
121959Mr. P. M. Nayak, [9] I.C.S.CPBSc
131959Mr. R. Prasad, [8] I.C.S.CP
141960Mr. R. S. Krishnaswamy, [9] I.C.S.CP M. A. [10]
151961Mr. P. M. Nayak, [11] I.C.S.CPBSc [12]
161962 - 1964Mr. M. P. Pai, [13] I.C.S.CP
171964 - 1972Mr. V. K. Rao, [14] I.C.S.CP
181972 - 1974Mr. K. I. Vidyasagar, [15] I. A. S. Chairperson-cum-
Managing Director
(CMD)
191974 - 1978Mr. B. N. Raman, [16] I. A. S.CMD
201979 - 1981Mr. C. N. Sastry, [17] I. A. S.CMD
211981 - 1982Mr. S. Santhanam, [17] I. A. S.CMDM. A. [18]
221982Mr. P. K. Doraiswamy, [16] I. A. S.CMDBSc (Hons., Madras) [19]
231982 - 1983Mr. A. Valliappan, [20] I. A. S.CMDM. A. [21]
241983 - 1984Mr. K. M. Ahmad, [22] I. A. S.CMDM. A. [23]
251984 - 1987Mr. G. P. Rao, [24] I. A. S.CMDBSc [25]
261987 - 1990Mr. V. Govindarajan, [26] I. A. S.CMDB. A. (Hons.) [27]
271990 - 1992Mr. A. Valliappan, [20] I. A. S.CMDM. A.
281992Mr. R. V. Krishnan, [28] I. A. S.CMDM. A. [29]
291992 - 1996Mr. P. P. Williams, I. A. S.CMD MSc (Andhra)
301996Mr. M. C. Mahapatra, [30] I. A. S.CMDM. A. [31]
311996Mr. P. V. Bhide, I. A. S.CMD M. B. A. [32]
321997 - 2001Mr. A. P. V. N. Sarma, [33] I. A. S.CMDB. E. (REC) [34]
332001 - 2006Mr. R. H. Khwaja, [35] I. A. S.CMD M.A. (Aligarh) [36]
342006 - 2012Mr. S. Narsing Rao, [35] I. A. S.CMDMSc (Osmania) [37]
352012 - 2014Mr. Sutirtha Bhattacharya, I. A. S.CMD BSc (Calcutta)
362015 - 2023Mr. N. Sridhar, I. A. S. [38] CMD B. E.
372023-"present"Mr. N. Balram, I.R.SChairman & Managing Director (CMD)

Awards and recognition

Operations

The company is involved in coal extraction in Telangana, in the Pranahita-Godavari Valley region, which has significant coal reserves, estimated at 879 billion tonnes. Ramagundam is one of the most important divisions of the Singareni Collieries Company. There are three divisions (RG-1, RG-2 and RG-3) and Adriyala project area in Ramagundam region. Each division is headed by a General Manager.

Singareni Collieries has established a thermal power plant of 1,200 MW (2 X 600 MW) in the town of Jaipur in the Srirampur region in Mancherial district. There is a proposal to establish one more 800 MW unit at the Jaipur power plant. SCCL has planned for a 300 MW Solar Power Plant for its captive use in its coal mining areas.

The Coal Mines Provident Fund Head Offices are located at Kothagudem, Ramagundam, Godavarikhani and Hyderabad, serving the needs of 4 regions.

See also

Related Research Articles

Yellandu is a town in Bhadradri Kothagudem district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is located in Yellandu mandal of Kothagudem revenue division.

Godavarikhani is a neighbourhood of Ramagundam Municipal Corporation of Ramagundam city in the Indian state of Telangana. It is also called as the Coal City,River City and City of Black Gold. The name of the city was coined by Geetla Janardhan Reddy as it is situated on the banks of the Godavari River and Khani which refers to mines/minerals as the city is known for its rich coal deposits. Godavarikhani is located on the banks of Godavari River in Peddapalli district. Godavarikhani is a place which is rich in Coal reserves and has a power plant of NTPC Limited is located in Godavarikhani which supplies electricity to 5 south Indian states including Goa. RFCL Ramagundam Fertilizers and Chemicals Limited are located in Jyothi Nagar,GouthamiNagar. Ramagundam and Godavarikhani Combinely forms Municipal Corporation. This City is served by Ramagundam railway station having Grand Trunk route,, State Highway 1 (Telangana), also called as Rajeev Rahadari with Toll Gate Starting point and has Ramagundam Airport which is going to develop as brown field airport near Basanthnagar Kesoram cement factory which is functional soon.It's one of a few Municipal Corporations in Telangana without district headquarter status. Godavarikhani is among the state's most populous city after Warangal and Karimnagar. Ramagundam Region is one of the most potential revenue generating and having 4 divisions namely RG-1,2,3 and APA for Singareni collieries. Mainly due to its proximity, easily accessible to most Singareni employees and strategic location Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL) is planning to move some of its offices from Kothagudem corporate headquarters to Ramagundam.But due to lobbying by Contractors in Singareni Colleries Office at Kothagudem the shifting process is getting delayed.Godavarikhani has 5 opencast coal projects,5 Underground Coal mines in which it has privileged Asia’s biggest mine Adriyala long-wall Projects(ALP) area of SCCL. Godavarikhani:Ramagundam records the highest temperature in Telangana every summer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ramagundam</span> City in Telangana, India

Ramagundam is a city under municipal corporation in Peddapalli district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is the most populous city in the district and falls under the Ramagundam revenue division. It is located on the banks of the Godavari River. As of the 2011 census, the city had a population of 229,644, making it the 6th most populous in the state, and an urban agglomeration population of 242,979. It is located about 225 km from the state capital Hyderabad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manuguru</span> Town in Telangana, India

Manuguru is a census town and mandal in Bhadradri Kothagudem district in the Indian state of Telangana. It falls under the Mahaboobabad Parliamentary constituency and the Pinapaka Assembly constituency. Manuguru is an urban area situated on the banks of the Godavari River. The town has the Singareni coal mines, that provide many jobs, and a power plant.

Bellampalli is a town in Mancherial district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is a municipality and mandal headquarters of Bellampalli mandal of Bellampalli revenue division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mancherial</span> City in Telangana, India

Mancherial is a city and headquarters of the Mancherial district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is both the district and administrative headquarters of Mancherial mandal in the Mancherial revenue division. It is located on the north banks of the Godavari River. It is located about 244 kilometres (152 mi) from the state capital, Hyderabad, 84 kilometres (52 mi) from Karimnagar, 138 kilometres (86 mi) from Nirmal and 155 kilometres (96 mi) from Adilabad.

Mandamarri is a town and a municipality in Mancherial district in the Indian state of Telangana.

Naspur is a municipality and a suburb and mandal in Mancherial district of the Indian state of Telangana. Located the north bank of Godavari River.

Sathupalli is a town in Khammam district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is a Municipality in Sathupalli mandal of Kalluru revenue division. It is situated approximately 276 km (171 mi) east of Hyderabad, 80 km (50 mi) from Khammam and 200 km (120 mi) from Warangal. It is about 135 km (84 mi) north of Amaravati, the state capital of Andhra Pradesh, and 126 km (78 mi) west of Rajahmundry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NTPC Ramagundam</span> Coal-fired power plant in India

NTPC Ramagundam, a part of National Thermal Power Corporation, is a 2,600 megawatt (MW) Super thermal power station situated at Ramagundam in Peddapalli district in Telangana, India. It is the current largest power station in South India. It is the first ISO 14001 certified "Super Thermal Power Station" in India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sripada Yellampalli Project</span> Irrigation project in South India

Sripada Yellampalli Project is an irrigation project located at Yellampalli Village of Ramagundam rural Mandal, between Peddapalli district - Mancherial District of Telangana State, India. The project is fourth largest on the Godavari River in Telangana State. It is named after late legislator, D. Sripada Rao.

The Singareni Karmika Samakya is a militant trade union of coal miners in the Singareni coal fields. Sikasa is allegedly linked to the Communist Party of India (Maoist). Vishwanath is the secretary of Sikasa.

The 8 Incline Colony is no. 1 Model township and familiar as decent employees colony of the Singareni Collieries Company Limited located near Godavarikhani of Peddapalli district, Telangana State, of India. It is a part of the coal mining area in the Ramagundam 2 Region and Godavarikhani and near to Centenary Colony, Kalvacherla, Kamanpur, Peddapally, and Manthani.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Godavari Valley Coalfield</span> Mine in Telangana, India

Godavari Valley Coalfield is located in the districts of Adilabad, Karimnagar, Khammam and Warangal in the Indian state of Telangana. It is the only coalfield in South India. It lies in the basin of the Godavari River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazipet Junction railway station</span> Railway station in Telangana, India

Kazipet Junction railway station is located in Hanamkonda district of Telangana, in India. It is a crucial railway junction connecting Northern and Southern India.

The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act of 2014, commonly known as the Telangana Act, is an Act of Indian Parliament that split the state of Andhra Pradesh into Telangana and the residuary Andhra Pradesh state, as an outcome of the Telangana movement. The Act defined the boundaries of the two states, determined how the assets and liabilities were to be divided, and laid out the status of Hyderabad as the permanent capital of new Telangana state and temporary capital of the Andhra Pradesh state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Telangana</span>

Telangana is one of the fastest-growing states in India posing average annual growth rate of 13.90% over the last five years. Telangana's nominal gross state domestic product for the year 2020-21 stands at ₹13.59 lakh crore. Service sector is the largest contributor to the Telangana's economy with a share of about 65% in the year 2018-19. Growth in services has largely been fuelled by IT services with the State holding leading position in IT & ITeS in the country in terms of production and exports.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Singareni Thermal Power Plant</span>

The Singareni Thermal Power Plant (STPP) is a coal-fired power station in Pegadapalli, a village in Jaipur mandal in Mancherial district of Telangana, India. The power plant has an installed capacity of 1200 MW, consisting of two 600 MW units, and is operated by the Singareni Collieries Company.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bhadradri Kothagudem district</span> District in Telangana, India

Bhadradri Kothagudem is a district in the east of the Indian state of Telangana. Kothagudem is the district headquarters. It is the largest district in Telangana, with an area of 7483 km2. It borders the districts Khammam, Mahabubabad, Mulugu, Eluru and East Godavari, and shares a boundary with the bordering states Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh. The district comprises 24 mandals and 2 revenue divisions, Kothagudem and Bhadrachalam.

References

  1. ↑ Transactions of the Mining, Geological, and Metallurgical Institute of India, Volume 17, 1923, p.248.
  2. ↑ The Mining Year Book, W.R. Skinner and Financial Times, 1936, p.539.
  3. ↑ S. Srinath, Methods of Recruitment in the Signareni Collieries 1946-56, Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Volume 48, 1987, pp. 579-585.
  4. ↑ The Hyderabad Government Bulletin on Economic Affairs, Volume 1, Hyderabad, 1948.
  5. ↑ Lionel Carter (Edited), Towards a Ceasefire in Kashmir: British Official Reports from South Asia, 18 September - 31 December 1948, Routledge, Abingdon, 2018.
  6. ↑ The Hyderabad Government Bulletin on Economic Affairs, Volume 4, Issues 9-11, 1951, p.631.
  7. ↑ P. Rajeswar Rao, The Great Indian Patriots, Volume 2, Mittal Publications, New Delhi, 1991, p.118.
  8. 1 2 The Madras Stock Exchange Official Year-book, Madras Stock Exchange Limited, Madras, 1957, p.751.
  9. 1 2 Kothari's Economic Guide and Investors' Handbook of India, Volume 2, 1961, p.194.
  10. ↑ Annual List of Gazetted Officers in the Andhra Pradesh State, Andhra Pradesh (India) General Administration Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh, 1963, p.xvi.
  11. ↑ Kothari's Economic Guide and Investors' Handbook of India, Volume 2, 1961, p.194.
  12. ↑ Annual List of Gazetted Officers in the Andhra Pradesh State, Andhra Pradesh (India) General Administration Department, Hyderabad, 1963, p.xvi.
  13. ↑ Kothari's Economic Guide and Investors' Handbook of India, 1965, p.198.
  14. ↑ Kothari's Economic and Industrial Guide of India, 1973, p.43
  15. ↑ Civil List of the Indian Administrative Service, Volume 17, 1972, p.2.
  16. 1 2 E. V. Ram Reddi (Compiled), Report of Enquiry into Certain Transactions of the Singareni Collieries Company Limited, Volume 1, Government Secretariat Press, Hyderabad, 1983, p.69.
  17. ↑ ER sheet of S. Santhanam
  18. ↑ Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
  19. 1 2 The Civil List of the Indian Administrative Service, Volume 28, 1983, p.5.
  20. ↑ ER sheet of A. Valliappan
  21. ↑ India Today, Volume 9, Issues 1-12, 1984, p.67
  22. ↑ ER Sheet of K.M.Ahmad
  23. ↑ R. Ram Reddy, Industrial Relations in India: A Study of the Singareni Collieries, Mittal Publications, 1990, p.xi.
  24. ↑ ER Sheet of G. P. Rao
  25. ↑ P. L. Diwakar Rao, Public sector in Andhra Pradesh: a handbook & directory : with a special supplement on central sector, Utility Publications, 1988, p.141.
  26. ↑ All India Civil List, 1968, p.360
  27. ↑ The Civil List of the Indian Administrative Service, Volume 37, 1992.
  28. ↑ The Management Accountant, Volume 14, p.529
  29. ↑ Data India, Press Institute of India, Madras, 1996, p.220
  30. ↑ ER sheet of M. C. Mahapatra
  31. ↑ NOCIL Limited, Notice of AGM, 2019
  32. ↑ Dattatreyulu Jammalamadaka, Mining Ideas and Coal: Journey with Singareni, Notion Books, Chennai, 2015.
  33. ↑ Advisors to Governor of Andhra Pradesh
  34. 1 2 Moid Siddiqui, R. H. Khwaja, The Acrobatics of Change: Concepts, Techniques, Strategies and Execution, Sage, New Delhi, 2008.
  35. ↑ R.H. Khwaja takes over as Director-General of ASCI, The Hindu, 3 January 2017.
  36. ↑ Osmania Universitym Distinguished Alumni
  37. ↑ N. Sridhar the new CMD of SCCL, The Hindu, Hyderabad, 30 December 2014.
  38. ↑ SCCL Bagged Golden Peacock Awards 2015.
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