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Established | 1986 |
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Research type | Theoretical & Applied research |
Field of research | Plasma Physics |
Director | Dr. Shashank Chaturvedi |
Staff | 700 (app.) (200 Scientists & Engineers) |
Location | Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India 23°05′52″N72°37′34″E / 23.09778°N 72.62611°E |
382428 | |
Affiliations | Department of Atomic Energy |
Website | www |
The Institute for Plasma Research (IPR) is an autonomous physics research institute in India. The institute conducts research in plasma science, including basic plasma physics, research on magnetically confined hot plasmas, and plasma technologies for industrial applications. It is a leading plasma physics organization. The institute is mainly funded by the Department of Atomic Energy. IPR plays a major scientific and technical role in Indian partnership in the international fusion energy initiative ITER. It is part of the IndiGO consortium for research on gravitational waves. [1]
In 1982, the Government of India initiated the Plasma Physics Programme (PPP) for research on magnetically confined high-temperature plasmas.
In 1986, the PPP evolved into the autonomous Institute for Plasma Research under the Department of Science and Technology.
With the commissioning of ADITYA in 1989, full-fledged tokamak experiments started at IPR. [2] A 1995 decision led to the second generation superconducting steady-state tokamak SST-1, capable of 1000-second operation.[ clarification needed ] Due to this, the institute grew rapidly and came under the Department of Atomic Energy. [3] The industrial plasma activities were reorganized under the Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies (FCIPT) and moved to a separate campus in Gandhinagar in 1998. [4]
The institute is located on the banks of Sabarmati river in Gandhinagar district. It is approximately midway between the cities of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar. It is 5 km from the Ahmedabad airport and 14 km from the Ahmedabad railway station. [5]
The Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies (FCIPT) works in industrial plasma technologies. The centre was set up in 1997 to promote, foster, develop, demonstrate, and transfer industrially relevant plasma-based technologies to industries, thus enabling technology commercialization. The centre acts as an interface between the institute and industries. While working on industrial projects, FCIPT maintained and improved its R&D strengths and, at the same time, advanced industrial uses.
FCIPT works with national and international industries, such as Johnson & Johnson,ASP Ethicon Inc. USA, UVSYSTEC GmbH Germany, Thermax India Ltd., Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd., IPCL, Larsen & Toubro Ltd., NHPC Ltd., GE India Technology Centre Bangalore, BHEL, Triton Valves Ltd. Mysore, etc. and organizations such as BARC, DRDO, ISRO, IIT Kharagpur, National Aerospace Laboratories, and other CSIR labs. FCIPT has a material characterization laboratory with instruments such as Transmission Electron Microscope, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope with EDAX, Atomic Force Microscope, X-ray diffractometer, Spectroscopic Ellipsometer, UV-VIS spectroscopy, solar simulator, thickness profilometer, optical metallurgical microscope with phase analyser, full-fledged metallography laboratory, Vickers hardness tester, and an ASTM B117 corrosion testing setup. Other infrastructure include electronics and instrumentation lab, process demonstration systems, etc. [6]
FCIPT developed technologies related to waste remediation and recovery of energy from waste, surface hardening, and heat treatment technologies such as plasma nitriding and plasma nitrocarburising, plasma-assisted metallization technologies using magnetron sputter deposition, Plasma-enhanced CVD for functional coatings on substrates, plasma melting, plasma diagnostics, and space-related plasma technologies.
Ion irradiation-induced patterning of semiconductor materials and amorphous solids is another focus. To this end, a § Broad-beam ion sources are used to generate patterns such as nanoripples or nanodots and are coated with silver for research in plasmonics.
The Centre of Plasma Physics is an autonomous institute that pursues basic research in theoretical and experimental plasma physics. [7] Its Governing Council consists of four scientists with representatives from the Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Bombay, and Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Calcutta; state government officers and local members.
The government of Assam established the Centre of Plasma Physics in 1991. [7] The centre started functioning in April 1991 in a rented house located at Saptaswahid Pathi. The first chairman of the Governing Council was Professor Predhiman Krishan Kaw (died 18 June 2017, [8] a world-renowned plasma scientist. After its three-year term, the Governing Council was reconstituted by the Education Department with Prof. A.C. Das, Dean of Physical Research Laboratory as its chairman. The founding director of the centre, Prof. Sarbeswar Bujarbarua, is a distinguished plasma scientist and a recipient of the 'Vikram Sarabhai Research Award' in 1989 and Kamal Kumari National Award [9] in 1993.
Thereafter, the centre opened theoretical investigations in fundamental plasma processes such as nonlinear phenomena, instabilities, dusty plasma. It has set up facilities for conducting basic plasma physics experiments. Funds are available from several central government agencies (e.g. the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology), the centre has taken up experimental programs in the frontline areas of plasma physics, such as dense plasma focus and dusty plasma. The centre has published more than 50 original research papers. The scientists work in close collaboration with national and international institutes like the Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar; Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay; Regional Research Laboratory, Bhubaneswar; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Calcutta, Kyushu University, Japan; University of Bayreuth, Germany; Culham Laboratory, UK; and Flinders University, Australia. The centre runs a PhD programme with students registering with Guwahati University. Another component of the academic activity of the centre consists of holding lecturers and colloquia on plasma physics and other branches of physical sciences.
The Centre of Plasma Physics, Institute for Plasma Research, Sonapur, Kamrup, Assam, became a new campus of IPR as the Centre of Plasma Physics, Sonapur, was formally merged with IPR effective 29 May 2009. CPP-IPR is headed by Centre Director Dr K. S. Goswami and is managed by a Managing Board headed by the director of IPR. It has twelve faculty members, fourteen other staff and research scholars and project scientists. The research is oriented towards essential plasma physics and programs that complement the significant programmes at IPR.
The institute's campus is at Nazirakhat, Sonapur, about 32 km from Guwahati, the headquarters of the Kamrup(M) district of Assam. Nazirakhat is a rural area surrounded by peace-loving people of diverse caste, religion, and language, yet it presents the unique feature of unity in diversity. Nazirakhat is linked by a PWD road from the National Highway No. 37. It is about 800 metres from NH-37. Nazirakhat is connected by road with the rest of the state and the country. The institute is surrounded by greenery near the Air-India flying base at Sonapur.
Research papers have been published in journals like Phys after the institute's establishment. Scr., [10] Phys. Lett. A, [11] Phys. Rev. Lett. [12] and so on [13]
The Centre collaborates with the following institutes and universities:
The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay; Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore; Institute for Plasma Research, Gandinagar; IPP, Juelich, Germany; IPP, Garching, Germany; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad; National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Bhubaneswar; Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Calcutta; St. Andrews University, UK; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology, Tokyo; University of Bayreuth, Germany; and University of Kyoto, Japan.
ITER will be built mostly through in-kind contributions from the participant countries in the form of components manufactured delivered/installed at ITER.
ITER-India is the Indian Domestic Agency (DA), formed with the responsibility to provide ITER the Indian contribution. [16] [17]
A tokamak is a device which uses a powerful magnetic field generated by external magnets to confine plasma in the shape of an axially-symmetrical torus. The tokamak is one of several types of magnetic confinement devices being developed to produce controlled thermonuclear fusion power. The tokamak concept is currently one of the leading candidates for a practical fusion reactor.
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory for plasma physics and nuclear fusion science. Its primary mission is research into and development of fusion as an energy source. It is known for the development of the stellarator and tokamak designs, along with numerous fundamental advances in plasma physics and the exploration of many other plasma confinement concepts.
This timeline of nuclear fusion is an incomplete chronological summary of significant events in the study and use of nuclear fusion.
ITER is an international nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject aimed at creating energy through a fusion process similar to that of the Sun. It is being built next to the Cadarache facility in southern France. Upon completion of construction of the main reactor and first plasma, planned for 2033–2034, ITER will be the largest of more than 100 fusion reactors built since the 1950s, with six times the plasma volume of JT-60SA in Japan, the largest tokamak operating today.
Magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) is an approach to generate thermonuclear fusion power that uses magnetic fields to confine fusion fuel in the form of a plasma. Magnetic confinement is one of two major branches of controlled fusion research, along with inertial confinement fusion.
The Physical Research Laboratory is a National Research Institute for space and allied sciences, supported mainly by Department of Space, Government of India. This research laboratory has ongoing research programmes in astronomy and astrophysics, atmospheric sciences and aeronomy, planetary and geosciences, Earth sciences, Solar System studies and theoretical physics. It also manages the Udaipur Solar Observatory and Mount Abu InfraRed Observatory. The PRL is located in Ahmedabad.
The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) is an Indian government department with headquarters in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. DAE was established in 1954 with Jawaharlal Nehru as its first minister and Homi Bhabha as its secretary.
Evgeny Pavlovich Velikhov is a physicist and scientific leader in the Russian Federation. His scientific interests include plasma physics, lasers, controlled nuclear fusion, power engineering, and magnetohydrodynamics. He is the author of over 1500 scientific publications and a number of inventions and discoveries.
Pucadyil Ittoop John is an Indian plasma physicist. He occupies the Meghnad Saha Chair in Plasma Science and Technology at the Institute for Plasma Research, Ahmedabad.
SST-1 is a plasma confinement experimental device in the Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), an autonomous research institute under Department of Atomic Energy, India. It belongs to a new generation of tokamaks with the major objective being steady state operation of an advanced configuration plasma. It has been designed as a medium-sized tokamak with superconducting magnets.
Plasma Science Society of India was founded in 1978 at Institute for Plasma Research, Ahmedabad in India for the benefit of the fusion community working on plasma. This serves the thrive for knowledge towards the fusion research in the field of theoretical and experimental research, it associated with India Science, Technology and Innovation,. The devices are SST-1, SINP-Tokamak, AdityaTokamak, SST-2 (DEMO) to generate the electricity.There are over 950 life-member of this society along with number of annual members.
The Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE) is the UK's national laboratory for fusion research. It is located at the Culham Science Centre, near Culham, Oxfordshire, and is the site of the Joint European Torus (JET), Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) and the now closed Small Tight Aspect Ratio Tokamak (START).
Sir Steven Charles Cowley is a British theoretical physicist and international authority on nuclear fusion and astrophysical plasmas. He has served as director of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) since 1 July 2018. Previously he served as president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, since October 2016. and head of the EURATOM / CCFE Fusion Association and chief executive officer of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA).
Joyanti Chutia is an Indian physicist who specializes in solid-state physics and plasma physics. She was among the first women who have headed scientific institutions in India when she became the Director of the Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology in Guwahati, Assam, which is the first major research institution in North East India. She is a fellow of National Academy of Sciences. She is an Emeritus Scientist at the Department of Science & Technology in the Government of India.
Shyam Sunder Kapoor is an Indian nuclear physicist and a former director of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. Known for his research on fission and heavy-ion physics, Kapoor is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies – Indian Academy of Sciences, Indian National Science Academy and National Academy of Sciences, India – as well as the Institute of Physics. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to Physical Sciences in 1983.
Ksenia Aleksandrovna Razumova is a Russian physicist. She graduated from the Physical Faculty of Moscow University in 1955 and took a position at the then called Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy in Moscow, then USSR. She defended her Ph.D. in 1966, was Candidate in Physical and Mathematical sciences in 1967, and became Doctor of Sciences in 1984. She is laboratory head at the Institute of Nuclear Fusion, Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute. Since the beginning she is actively involved plasma physics in research on the tokamak line of Magnetic confinement fusion.
Ambrogio Fasoli is a researcher and professor working in the field of fusion and plasma physics. A Fellow of the American Physical Society, he is Director of the Swiss Plasma Center, located at EPFL, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland. Since 1 January 2019, he chairs the European consortium EUROfusion, the umbrella organisation for the development of nuclear fusion power in Europe.
In plasma physics, a burning plasma is a plasma that is heated primarily by fusion reactions involving thermal plasma ions. The Sun and similar stars are a burning plasma, and in 2020 the National Ignition Facility achieved a burning plasma in the laboratory. A closely related concept is that of an ignited plasma, in which all of the heating comes from fusion reactions.
Rajesh Maingi is a physicist known for his expertise in the physics of plasma edges and program leadership in the field of fusion energy. He is currently the head of Tokamak Experimental Sciences at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL). He is a Fellow of both the American Physical Society and the American Nuclear Society and has chaired or co-chaired numerous national and international conferences.
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