Jabalpur, formerly Jubbulpore, is a city situated on the banks of Narmada River in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is the 3rd-largest urban agglomeration of the state and the 38th-largest of the country. Jabalpur is the administrative headquarters of the Jabalpur district and the Jabalpur division. It is the judicial capital of Madhya Pradesh with Madhya Pradesh High Court being located in the city. It is generally accepted that the game of snooker originated in Jabalpur.[8] Jabalpur is also the railway headquarters of the West Central Railway. Jabalpur Cantonment is one of the largest cantonments in India and houses the army headquarters of five states (Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Bihar and Jharkhand). The city is known for the marble rocks on the river Narmada at Bhedaghat. It is also known as 'Sanskardhani' meaning 'The Cultural Capital' highlighting the city's rich cultural and historical heritage. The city of Jabalpur was among the first 7 smart cities selected for the Smart Cities Mission.
According to a prevalent theory, Jabalpur was named after a sage named Jabali, who meditated on the banks of the Narmada river. Another theory suggests an Arabic origin of the word since jabal (جبل) in Arabic means granite boulders or huge boulders, which were common in the region. According to a fringe theory, the name refers to Jauli Pattala, a sub-divisional unit, mentioned in Kalachuri inscriptions. Jauli also refers to the Huna queen of the Kalachuri king, Karna. It was spelled as Jubbulpore during British rule[9]
In 2006, the Jabalpur Municipal Corporation renamed the city to Jabalpur.[10]
History
Mythology describes three Asuras (evil spirits) in the Jabalpur region, who were defeated by the Hindu god Shiva. Tripurasura being the main asura, gave the city its puranic name Tripur Tirth.[11]Tripuri region corresponds to the ancient Chedi Kingdom of Mahabharata times, to which king Shishupala belongs.
Ashokan relics dating to 300 BCE have been found in Rupnath, 84 kilometres (52mi) north of the city, indicating the presence of the Mauryan Empire (322 to 185 BCE) in the region.[11] When the empire fell, Jabalpur became a city-state before coming under the rule of the Satavahana dynasty (230 BCE to 220 CE). After their reign, the region was ruled locally by the Bodhis and the Senas, following which it became a vassal state of the Gupta Empire (320 to 550).[11]
The region was conquered by the Kalachuri Dynasty in 875 CE. The best known Kalachuri ruler was Yuvaraja-Deva I (r.915–945), who married Nohla Devi (a princess of the Chalukya dynasty).[12] One of the Kalachuri ministers, Golok Simha Kayastha, was instrumental in founding the Chausath Yogini Temple near Bhedaghat. His descendants include Bhoj Simha, who was the Dewan to the Gond king Sangram Shah (1491–1543); Dewan Aadhar Singh Kayastha, who was the prime minister to Rani Durgavati (r. 1550–1564),[13] and Beohar Raghuvir Sinha, the last Jagirdar of Jabalpur who reigned until 1947.[citation needed]
Gondwana rule
Rani Durgavati preparing for the battle of Narrai; fresco by Beohar Rammanohar Sinha in Jabalpur's Shaheed-Smarak
Jabalpur was an important centre of power during the rule of the Gond kings of Garha-Mandla.[14] The ruler of Garha-Mandla, Madan Shah, (1138–1157) built a watchtower and a small hilltop fort at Madan Mahal, an area in Jabalpur. In the 1500s, the Gond king, Sangram Shah held Singorgarh fort. Rani Durgawati was a princess of the Chandela Dynasty who was married to Dalpat Shah of the Gond dynasty. She was well aware of the importance of water conservation, and hence she built more than 85 ponds in Jabalpur, mainly in Ranital, Haathital, Madhatal and Hanumantal.[15]
The British made Jabalpur the commission headquarters of the Narmada territories and established a cantonment here. Under the British Raj, Jabalpur became the capital of the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories, which was part of the British North-Western Province. The Saugor and Nerbudda Territories became part of the new Central Provinces in 1861 which in 1903 became the Central Provinces and Berar. By the early 20th Century Jabalpur was the headquarters of a brigade in the 5th division of the Southern Army.
A significant event was the Tripuri Congress session in 1939, led by Subhash Chandra Bose. Under the guidance of Lokmanya Tilak, the Flag Satyagraha was successfully launched. Mahatma Gandhi visited Jabalpur four times. The Congress session in 1939, where Subhash Chandra Bose was elected president against Gandhi's wishes, was notable for its debates on strategies for India's independence. A memorial gate, Kamania Gate, was built in the city to commemorate these events.
Jabalpur has a humid subtropical climate typical of north-central India (Madhya Pradesh and southern Uttar Pradesh). Summer begins in late March, lasting until June. May is the hottest month, with an average temperature exceeding 40°C (104°F). Summer is followed by the southwest monsoon, which lasts until early October and produces 889mm (35in) of rain from July to September. The average annual precipitation is nearly 1,386mm (54.6in). The Winter begins in late November and lasts until early March. January is the coldest month, with an average daily temperature near 15°C (59°F).
Climate data for Jabalpur Airport (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present)
Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)[22]
Jabalpur has been ranked 2nd [23]best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results'
In the 2011 India census, the Jabalpur city (the area covered by the municipal corporation) recorded a population of 1,081,677.[4] The Jabalpur metropolitan area (urban agglomeration) recorded a population of 1,268,848.[5]
Bada Fuhara and Kamania Gate in the heart of old Jabalpur city
The Narmada river bringing in freshwater from the Vindyachal Ranges has developed Jabalpur district into an agrarian economy. The land of the Narmada basin with its fertile alluvial soil gives good yields of sorghum, wheat, rice, and millet in the villages around Jabalpur. Important among commercial crops are pulses, oilseeds, cotton, sugar cane, and medicinal crops. The state is poised for a breakthrough in soybean cultivation.[citation needed] In Kharif crops occupy 60% and Rabi crops 40% area with 71.4% area under food grain production. Nearly 59% of landholders are marginal whereas small farmed share 18% of farmland.
Jabalpur has a variety of industries largely based in mineral substances of economic value found in the district, although the ready-made garments industry is a substantial portion of production in Jabalpur.
Defence establishments started in the early 20th century. Jabalpur has Vehicle Factory Jabalpur, Grey Iron Foundry, Gun Carriage Factory Jabalpur and Ordnance Factory Khamaria which belong to the Ordnance Factories Board manufacturing various products for the Indian Armed Forces. The Gun Carriage Factory was started in the year 1904 is well equipped and manufacture gun parts, mounting, shells, and a variety of the other product for war purposes. Vehicle Factory Jabalpur (VFJ) was started as a manufacturer of trucks and other defence vehicles. The other two are Grey Iron Foundry (GIF) and Ordnance Factory Khamaria (OFK).
Armed forces make up a large portion of the city and economy in this city. The city has three regimental centres: Grenadiers, Jammu and Kashmir rifles and the Signals regiment. Jabalpur is also the army headquarters of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, and Orissa. Jabalpur is an important divisional headquarters, having eight districts: Jabalpur, Seoni, Mandla, Chhindwara, Narsimhapur, Katni, Dindori, Balaghat. The Jabalpur District has been reconstituted on 25 May 1998. It now has four tehsils Jabalpur, Sihora, Patan, and Kundam. Jabalpur also has the headquarters of the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board, Homeguards, and many other state and central government offices. There are seven blocks in the district with 1449 inhabited villages, 60 uninhabited, 1209 revenue villages, and 4 forest villages. The presence of several industries in Jabalpur bolstered the industrial scenario of the city. However, the industrial growth of the area owes much to the defence establishments and the four ordnance factories.
The presence of the military base and the ordnance factories have improved the infrastructure of the city. This has boosted the industrial development of Jabalpur. The important industries in Jabalpur are:
Readymade garments units
Poultry/hatchery
Electrical goods industry
Sawmills
Wood cutting industry
Industries relating to limestone products
Building materials
Glassware
Telephone parts
Furniture making industry
Shaw Wallace Gelatin Factory
Steel structures works
Cement industries
Commercial Engineers & Body Builders Co Limited [CEBBCO ]
Tobacco business
Retail business
Food processing industry
Vendors for Coca-Cola India & Parle
The nominal GDP of Jabalpur District was estimated at Rs. 42,518 crores for the year 2020–21.[28]
Information technology and park
M.P. State Electronics Development Corporation Ltd. has set up an I.T. park (Techno Park)[29] in Bargi Hills having total area of 60 acres, 22km from the Jabalpur airport. Paytm started their operations at Jabalpur in 2018.[30]
Jabalpur covers an area of 263 square kilometres (102sqmi).[2] The Jabalpur Municipal Corporation (JMC), is charged with governance of the city's civic and infrastructural assets. The corporation has two wings: deliberative and executive. The head of the executive wing is a municipal commissioner who is responsible for the corporation's day-to-day operation and assists the deliberative wing in the decision-making process. The JMC council has one elected representative (corporate) from each ward. Council elections, by popular vote, are held every five years. A corporate from the majority party is selected as mayor.
The Jabalpur Cantonment is one of the largest cantonments in India.[32] In addition to the ordnance factories, other organisations present in the city include HQ Madhya Bharat Area, the Jammu & Kashmir Rifles Regimental Centre, the Grenadiers Regimental Centre, 1 Signal Training Centre, College of Material Management, Central Ordnance Depot, 506 Army Base Workshop, Military Hospital, HQ Chief Engineer Jabalpur Zone, Military Dairy Farm, and HQ Recruiting Zone. Civilian organisations which are part of the Ministry of Defence are the Cantonment Board, Controller of Defence Accounts, Defence Standardisation Cell and the Canteen Stores Department.
Culture
Cuisine
Sweets in Jabalpur's local delicacy include Doodh ka Halwa, Kalakand, Bhaji Wada, Dal Mangode, Aloo Bonda, Khoye ki Jalebi,[33][34] Mawa-Bati, Khoprapak, Shrikhand, Malpua, Imarti and Makkhanvada.[35] Khoye ki Jalebi, which is quite popular in Madhya Pradesh,[35] was invented by Harprasad Badkul in 1889 at his shop, Badkul Halwai.[36][37][38]
Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir is a 17th-century Jain temple that appears like a fortress with numerous shikharas. The temple has 22 shrines (vedis), making it the largest independent Jain temple in India.
Madan Mahal is a fort built by the Gond king Madan Shahi in 1116 which is situated atop a hill in Jabalpur.
Kachnar city is known for a 23-metre-high (76ft)Shiva statue housing a cavern with replicas of Shiva lingas from 12 shrines nationwide.
[39]The city also houses the Rangawati Museum which was built in 1964 to commemorate Rani Durgavati. The museum also hosts ancient relics, sculptures and a collection of items related to Mahatma Gandhi.
Tourist attractions in Jabalpur also include the boat rides along the Narmada river, which is 15 kilometres (9.3mi) away from the city, especially in moonlight. The journey through the river reveals the Marble Rocks, where the river has carved the soft marble, creating a gorge of about 8 km in length, and the Dhuandhar falls, which is one of the most visited tourist destinations in Jabalpur.[citation needed] Lamheta Ghat[40] and Tilwara Ghat[41] are well-known Ghats on the banks of Narmada River.[citation needed] The Tilwadeshwar temple is located near the Tilwara Ghat and it is also the place where Gandhi's ashes were immersed.
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's ashram in Karondi village is located about 90 kms from the city. Lying on the Tropic of Cancer, the location is claimed to be the geographical central point of India by Yogi.[46]
Transport
Air
Jabalpur Airport Terminal Building
The Jabalpur Airport (JLR), also known as Dumna Airport, is about 20 kilometres (12mi) away from the city center. It is located near the Dumna Nature Reserve. It serves as the only airport in the eastern Madhya Pradesh also serving the districts of Narsinghpur, Chhindwara , Sagar, Damoh, Katni, Mandla, Balaghat, Seoni, Umaria, Anuppur, Shahdol, Satna, Rewa. It is also the most convenient airport for visiting National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries which surround the city of Jabalpur. The airport has direct connectivity with major cities of New Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Indore and Bilaspur. Alliance Air, Indigo and SpiceJet operate from here.
Jabalpur has excellent road connectivity. A network of National Highways meet at Jabalpur. 4-lane NH 45 connects it to Bhopal, 4-lane NH 34 connects it to Nagpur, 4-lane NH 30 connects it to Varanasi and Mandla, NH 34 connects it to Damoh. Apart from this, Jabalpur also has good network of state highways.
114 Kms Ring Road is under construction around Jabalpur which will be second longest ring road in India after Hyderabad's ORR. Longest elevated corridor of Madhya Pradesh is also present in Jabalpur City which is nearing completion. This will be one of the longest elevated roads in India.
Jabalpur also hosts a Government Medical College named Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College. The largest Government Cancer Institute in Madhya Pradesh, the Madhya Pradesh State Cancer Institute will soon become functional in Jabalpur at the adjoining premises of the NSCB Medical College. The School of Excellence in Pulmonary Medicine is also a Government center of excellence in pulmonary medicine located in the premises of NSCB Medical College.
Media
Several television news channels have branches in the city. Various cable operators operate digital cable TV system in city.[49]
Newspapers
National and local newspapers are published in Jabalpur in Hindi and English:
Akashvani Jabalpur broadcasts on 801kHz AM with a 200kW transmitter.
Sports
The city has two stadiums: Ravishankar Shukla Stadium and Rani Tal Stadium. It is generally accepted that while serving at Jabalpur in 1875, Colonel Sir Neville Chamberlain developed a new variation of black pool by introducing coloured balls into the game in the British Army officer's mess. This game was later dubbed snooker.[8]
Madhya Pradesh is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and its largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Gwalior, Ujjain, Dewas, Sagar, Chhindwara, and Rewa being the other major cities. Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 72 million residents. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the east, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest.
Mahakoshal or Mahakaushal is a region of central India. Mahakoshal lies in the upper or eastern reaches of the Narmada River valley in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Jabalpur is the largest city in the region. Nimar region lies to the west, in the lower reaches of the Narmada valley.
Mandla is a city with municipality in Mandla district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Mandla District. The city is situated in a loop of the Narmada River, which surrounds it on three sides, and for 15 miles between Mandla and Ramnagar, Madhya Pradesh the river flows in a deep bed unbroken by rocks. The Narmada is worshiped here, and many ghats have been constructed on the banks of the river. It was a capital of the Gondwana Kingdom who built a palace and a fort, which in the absence of proper care have gone to ruins.
Balaghat district is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in Central India. Its belongs to Jabalpur Division. Balaghat city is Administrative Headquarter of Balaghat District.
Mandla District is a district of Madhya Pradesh in central India. The town of Mandla is the administrative headquarters of the district. It is part of Jabalpur Division.
Narsinghpur district is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Vindhyachal is on its northern border and the Satpura range extends along its entire length on the southern border. In the northern part, the Narmada river flows from east to west. Latitude 22º.45N 23º.15N, Longitude 78º.38E 79º.38E, Area 5125.55 Square Kilometers, 359.8 meters above sea level. The city of Narsinghpur is administrative headquarters of the district. As of 2001 Narsinghpur is the most literate district of MP.
Seoni District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Seoni is the district headquarters.
Damoh District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Damoh is the district headquarters. The district is part of the Sagar Division.
Jabalpur district is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The city of Jabalpur is the administrative headquarters of the district.
Gwarighat is a colony on the banks of the river Narmada in the city of Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh, India. Hindus perform their cremation rites here as per Garuda Purana. It is associated with Hindu Puranas, also; due to the presence of Narmada Sidh Kund, near Uma Ghat, wherein renowned Rishis performed Tapas, and it is believed that people are cured of their ailments here. Maa Narmada Temple is also situated here, where Narmada Aarti, is performed in the evenings.
Maharani Avantibai Lodhi was an queen-ruler and freedom fighter. She was the queen of the Ramgarh in Madhya Pradesh. An opponent of the British East India Company during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, information concerning her is sparse and mostly comes from folklore. In 21st century, she has been used as a political icon in Lodhi community.
Rani Durgavati was the queen regent of Gondwana in 1550–1564 AD. She married King Dalpat Shah, the son of King Sangram Shah of Gondwana. She served as regent of Gondwana during the minority of her son, Vir Narayan, from 1550 until 1564. She is chiefly remembered for defending Gondwana against the Mughal Empire.
Dindori is a district of Madhya Pradesh state of central India. The town of Dindori is the district headquarters. It was created on 25th May 1998 with total 927 villages. The district is a part of Jabalpur Division.
Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, also known as University of Jabalpur, is a government university in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. It was named after the queen Rani Durgavati.
Madan Mahal is a suburban area of Jabalpur famous for the historical Durgavati fort. The area also has a railway station named Madan Mahal.
Kunji Lal Dubey was an Indian independence activist, lawyer, educationist and politician from Madhya Pradesh. He was the first vice chancellor of Rani Durgavati University and the chancellor of Nagpur University. He served as the first speaker of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 1956, as the Finance Minister of the State in 1967 and was the president of the Inter University Board of India, Burma and Ceylon. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour, the Padma Bhushan, in 1964, for his contributions to the society. India Post issued a commemorative stamp on Dubey in 1996.
Vijayasimha was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh.
The Garha kingdom, also called Garha-Mandla or Garha Katanga, was an ancient kingdom in India. It was the first large kingdom to be founded by the Rajgondskings and was based in Central India. The kingdom was founded in the 2th century and lasted until conquest by the Maratha Confederacy in 1781.
Lt General Vijay Lall, PVSM, AVSM, ADC is a veteran Indian Army General Officer. His military career spanned about four decades, where he last served as the 15th Indian Director General Ordnance Services of the Army. He was also the Senior Colonel Commandant AOC. Vjay is the 1st Director General Ordnance Services of this new millennium.
↑ Records, Official. "Estimates of District Domestic Product Madhya Pradesh"(PDF). Department of Planning, Economics & Statistics, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Madhya Pradesh. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
↑ "Pisanhari Ki Madiya". jabalpur.nic.in. Office of District Magistrate, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
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