Santhal Pargana division

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Santhal Pargana division
Division of Jharkhand
Santhal Pargana division.png
Location of Santhal Pargana in Jharkhand
Coordinates: 24°30′N87°30′E / 24.500°N 87.500°E / 24.500; 87.500
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
State Jharkhand
Established2000
Headquarters Dumka
Districts Godda district, Deoghar, Dumka, Jamtara, Sahibganj, Pakur
Government
 • CommissionerShri Lalchand Dadel, I.A.S
Area
 • Total12,601 km2 (4,865 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total6,969,097
 • Density550/km2 (1,400/sq mi)

Santhal Pargana division constitutes six district administration units known as the divisions of Jharkhand state in eastern India.

Contents

Origin of name

Santhal Pargana derives its name from two words: "Santhal", a major inhabited tribe in the region and Pargana, a unit of administration in Persian language used mostly by medieval rulers.

Location

Santhal Pargana is one of the divisions of Jharkhand. Its headquarters is at Dumka. Presently, this administrative division comprises six districts: Godda, Deoghar, Dumka, Jamtara, Sahibganj and Pakur.

Boundary map (1905) Santal Parganas.jpg
Boundary map (1905)

History

This region is mentioned as Kajangala in different ancient literatures specially in Buddhist literatures. It is mentioned that the Chinese monk-traveller Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) travelled from Champa (recent Bhagalpur) to Kajangala and then proceeded to Pundravardhana (recent Bangladesh) in the 7th century AD. He says that the northern limit of its territory (means Sahebganj) was not very far from the Ganges. The forests to the south had plenty of elephants. The people were straight forward, talented and devoted to education. [1]

In the system of Permanent Settlement, British encourage paharia of Rajmahal hills to practice settled agriculture but they refused to cut trees. Then British officials attracted attention to Santals who were ready to clear the forests for settled agriculture. In 1832, a large number of area demarcated as Damin-i-koh. Santal from Cuttack, Dhalbhum, Birbhum, Manbhum, Hazaribagh migrated, clear forest tracts and started cultivating these lands as peasants. British collected tax from Santals as revenue. The imposition of taxes, exploitation by Zamindar and money lenders sparked Santal rebellion. The Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu, two brothers organized and led Santal inhabitants for the Santal Revolt (Santal Hul) against the Britishers but were defeated. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Their other siblings namely Chand Murmu, Bhairo Murmu, Phulo Murmu, Jhano Murmu also followed elder brothers leadership for fighting against injustice.

Attack by 600 Santhals upon a party of 50 sepoys, 40th regiment native infantry Attack by 600 Santhals upon a party of 50 sepoys, 40th regiment native infantry.jpg
Attack by 600 Santhals upon a party of 50 sepoys, 40th regiment native infantry
The Santal Parganas in a 1907 map of the Bengal area 1907-bengal-sikkim3.jpg
The Santal Parganas in a 1907 map of the Bengal area

In 1855, during British India, Santhal Parganas was created as a district, and was a part of the Bengal Presidency. Santhal Parganas was a district, in undivided Bihar state, India. After formation of Jharkhand in became division. As a consequence of Santal uprising, the British passed the Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act ,1876 which offered some protection for the tribals against exploitation. It prohibits the sale of Adivasi land to non-Adivasis in the Santhal Pargana region along present day Jharkhand's border with West Bengal. After Independence of India, the Santal Pargana Tenancy Act, 1949 is the first codified law of tenancy in Santal Pargana division of Jharkhand. When enacted, it supplemented existing British-era tenancy laws and codified some of the customary laws related to tribal land.

Demographics

Languages

Languages in Santhal Parganas division (2011) [7]

   Khortha (29.11%)
   Santali (24.25%)
   Bengali (16.11%)
   Angika (10.40%)
   Hindi (8.69%)
   Urdu (5.06%)
   Malto (2.15%)
   Bhojpuri (1.99%)
  Others (2.24%)

It has a population of 6,969,097. Santali, Bengali and Hindi are mostly spoken national languages, followed by regional dialect Khorta.

Religion

Religions in Santhal Parganas 2011 census

   Hindus (67.95%)
   Muslims (22.73%)
   Christians (4.21%)
   Sarna and Sari Dharam (4.84%)
  Others (0.27%)

Majority of the population follows Hinduism. Sari Dharam is followed by the Santal tribe residents and Sarna by other tribe. (The percentage will notified soon official sooner the Govt. Of India accomplishes recent Census).

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santal people</span> Ethnic group of India, Nepal and Bangladesh

The Santal are an Austroasiatic-speaking Munda ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent. Santals are the largest tribe in the Jharkhand and West Bengal in terms of population and are also found in the states of Odisha, Bihar, Assam and Tripura. They are the largest ethnic minority in northern Bangladesh's Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division. They have a sizeable population in Nepal. The Santals speak Santali, the most widely spoken Munda languages of Austroasiatic language family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu</span> Leaders of Santhal rebellion (1855–1856)

Sido Murmu and Kanhu Murmu were the leaders of the Santhal rebellion (1855–1856), the rebellion in present-day Jharkhand and Bengal in eastern India against both the British colonial authority and the corrupt zamindari system.

Sahebganj is a scenic town and a port city in the Sahibganj subdivision of the Sahebganj district of Jharkhand state, India. It serves as headquarters for Sahibganj District, Sahibganj subdivision and Sahibganj. It is located on the north-east of Jharkhand and situated on the banks of Ganges. 17th May is the Foundation Day of the District, when Rajmahal and Pakur subdivisions of old Santhal Pargana district were carved out to form Sahibganj district.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dumka</span> City in Jharkhand, India

Dumka, the headquarters of the Dumka district and Santhal Pargana region, is a city in the state of Jharkhand, India. It was made the headquarters of the Santhal Pargana region, which was carved out of the Bhagalpur and Birbhum district after the Santal Hool of 1855. Dumka was carved out of the southern part of Bihar along with 18 other Districts on 15 November 2000 to form Jharkhand as 28th State of India. Dumka is a peaceful and green city and also sub-capital of Jharkhand. The nearest important cities are Rampurhat and Deoghar.

Rajmahal is a subdivisional town and a notified area in Rajmahal subdivision of the Sahebganj district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is situated at the banks of Ganges and was former capital of Bengal Subah under Mughal governor, Man Singh I.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santhal rebellion</span> Rebellion in present-day Jharkhand, Eastern India

The Santhal rebellion, was a rebellion in present-day Jharkhand and West Bengal against the East India Company (EIC) and zamindari system by the Santhals. It started on June 30, 1855, and on November 10, 1855, martial law was proclaimed by the East India Company which lasted until January 3, 1856, when martial law was suspended and the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the presidency armies. The rebellion was led by the four sibling brothers - Sidhu, Kanhu, Chand, and Bhairav and their two sisters Phoolo and Jhano, who sacrificed their lives for the cause.

Ranishwar is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Dumka Sadar subdivision of the Dumka district in Jharkhand, India.

The Mal Paharia people are a people of India, mainly living in the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal. They are the original inhabitants of the Rajmahal Hills, known today as the Santal Parganas division of Jharkhand. They are listed as a Scheduled Tribe by the governments of West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand. They speak the Malto language, a Dravidian language, as well as a poorly-documented Indo-Aryan Mal Paharia language.

Bhognadih is a village in the Barhait CD block in the Sahibganj subdivision of the Sahibganj district of the Jharkhand State, India. Bhognadih has a place in history, as the main centre of the Santhal rebellion.

Jarmundi is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Dumka Sadar subdivision of the Dumka district, Jharkhand state, India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shikaripara</span> Community development block in Jharkhand, India

Shikaripara is a community development block in India that forms an administrative division in the Dumka Sadar subdivision of the Dumka district, Jharkhand state, India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dumka (community development block)</span> Community development block in Jharkhand, India

Dumka is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Dumka Sadar subdivision of the Dumka district, Jharkhand state, India.

Jama is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Dumka Sadar subdivision of the Dumka district, Jharkhand state, India.

Borio is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Sahibganj subdivision of the Sahibganj district, Jharkhand state, India.

Jamtara Sadar subdivision is the only administrative subdivision of the Jamtara district in the Santhal Pargana division in the state of Jharkhand, India.

Dumka Sadar subdivision is the only administrative subdivision of the Dumka district in the Santhal Pargana division in the state of Jharkhand, India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deoghar subdivision</span> Subdivision in Jharkhand, India

Deoghar subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the Deoghar district in the Santhal Pargana division in the state of Jharkhand, India.

Madhupur subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the Deoghar district in the Santhal Pargana division in the state of Jharkhand, India.

Sahibganj subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the Sahibganj district in the Santhal Pargana division in the state of Jharkhand, India.

Rajmahal subdivision is an administrative subdivision of the Sahibganj district in the Santhal Pargana division in the state of Jharkhand, India.

References

  1. ↑ Roy, Niharranjan, Bangalir Itihas, Adi Parba, (in Bengali), first published 1972, reprint 2005, pp. 99–100, 81–93, Dey’s Publishing, 13 Bankim Chatterjee Street, Kolkata, ISBN   81-7079-270-3
  2. ↑ Jha, Amar Nath (2009). "Locating the Ancient History of Santal Parganas". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 70: 185–196. ISSN   2249-1937. JSTOR   44147668.
  3. ↑ This is Our Homeland: A Collection of Essays on the Betrayal of Adivasi. 2007. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  4. ↑ Malik, Dr Malti (1943). History of India. ISBN   9788173354984 . Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  5. ↑ "History, Sahibganj,Jharkhand". sahibganj.nic.in. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011.
  6. ↑ "Freedom Struggle".
  7. ↑ "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". www.censusindia.gov.in.


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