Sonaraithari

This article is about the community development block in Jharkhand, India. For its namesake village, see Sonaraithari, Deoghar.

Sonaraithari
Community development block
Sonaraithari Location in Jharkhand, India Show map of Jharkhand Sonaraithari Sonaraithari (India) Show map of India
Coordinates: 24°21′28″N86°53′56″E / 24.35778°N 86.89889°E / 24.35778; 86.89889
Country	India
State	Jharkhand
District	Deoghar
Government
• Type	Federal democracy
Area
• Total	138.76 km2 (53.58 sq mi)
Elevation	268 m (879 ft)
Population  (2011)
• Total	76,116
• Density	550/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Hindi, Urdu
Literacy (2011)
• Total literates	35,493 (58.03%)
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	814150 (Sonaraithari)
Telephone/STD code	06432
Vehicle registration	JH-15
Lok Sabha constituency	Godda
Vidhan Sabha constituency	Jarmundi
Website	deoghar.nic.in

Sonaraithari (also spelled Sona Rai Thari, Sonaraythadi) is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Deoghar subdivision of the Deoghar district, Jharkhand state,

Geography

Sonaraithari, the eponymous CD block headquarters, is located at 24°21′28″N86°53′56″E / 24.35778°N 86.89889°E / 24.35778; 86.89889 .

It is located 25 km from Deoghar, the district headquarters.

Deoghar district, a plateau region, is broadly divided into two sub-micro regions – the Dumka-Godda Uplands and Deoghar Uplands. The Dumka-Godda Uplands covers the north-eastern portion of the district. It has an elevation of 753 metres (2,470 ft) above mean sea level. The Deoghar Uplands covers the south-western portion of the district. ^[1]

There are some isolated peaks in the district – Phuljori (2,312 ft), 18 miles from Madhupur, Degaria (1,716 ft), 3 miles from Baidyanath Junction, Patharda (1,603 ft), 8 miles from Madhupur, Tirkut Parvat (2,470 ft), 10 miles from Deoghar on the Dumka-Deoghar Road and some more. ^[2]

Sonaraithari CD block is bounded by Mohanpur CD block on the north, Jarmundi CD block in Dumka district on the east, Palojori and Sarath CD blocks on the south, and Sarwan CD block on the west. ^{[3] [4]}

Sonaraithari CD block has an area of 138.76 km². ^[5] Sonaraithari police station serves this block. ^[6] Headquarters of this CD block is at Sonaraithari village. ^[7]

Gram panchayats in Sonaraithari CD block are: Bhorajamua, Binjha, Brahmotara, Dondiya, Jarka, Jarka, Khijuriya, Kusumthar, Magadih, Mahapur, Sonaraithadi and Thadilapra. ^[8]

Demographics

Population

As per the 2011 Census of India Sonaraitharhi CD block had a total population of 76,116, all of which were rural. There were 39,394 (52%) males and 36,722 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 14,957. Scheduled Castes numbered 7,291 (9.58%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 8,244 (10.83%). ^[5]

Literacy

As of 2011 ^[update] census, the total number of literates in Sona Rai Tharhi CD Block was 35,493 (58.03% of the population over 6 years) out of which 23,072 (65%) were males and 12,421 (35%) were females. The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 30%. ^[5]

See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate

Literacy in CD Blocks of Deoghar district
Deoghar – 63.24%
Mohanpur – 58.66%
Sarwan – 63.39%
Sonaraithari – 58.03%
Devipur – 59.43%
Madhupur – 59.57%
Margomunda – 58.46%
Karon – 59.61%
Sarath – 62.63%
Palojori – 60.27%
Source: 2011 Census: CD Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data

Language and religion

According to the District Census Handbook, Deoghar, 2011 census, as of 2001, Khortha was the mother-tongue of 429,959 persons forming 36.89% of the population of Deoghar district, followed by Hindi 415,142 persons (35.62%), Santali 122,502 persons (10.51%), and other languages (with no details) 197,787 perons (16.97%). (In the Census Handbook of Deoghar district, the mother-tongue information is mentioned as that of Giridih district – it is hoped that it is a printing mistake). ^[9]

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. ^[10]

According to the District Census Handbook, Deoghar, 2011 census, Hindus numbered 1,165,140 and formed 78.04% of the population of Deoghar district, followed by Muslims 302,626 (20.27%), Christians 6,027 (0.40%), Jains 282 (0.02%), Buddhists 188 (0.013%), Sikhs (0.010%), other religions 16,067 (1.08%), religion not stated 1,600 (0.11%). ^[11]

Rural poverty

50-60% of the population of Deoghar district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005, being in the same category as Pakur, Sahebganj and Garhwa districts. ^[12] Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%. ^[13]

Economy

Livelihood

Livelihood
in Sonaraithari CD block

  Cultivators (24.51%)

  Agricultural labourers (42.92%)

  Household industries (16.18%)

  Other Workers (16.39%)

In Sonaraithari CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 9,139 and formed 24.51%, agricultural labourers numbered 16,000 and formed 42.92%, household industry workers numbered 6,032 and formed 16.18% and other workers numbered 6,110 and formed 16.39%. Total workers numbered 37,281 and formed 48.98% of the total population. Non-workers numbered 38,835 and formed 51.02% of total population. ^[14]

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers and entertainment artistes. ^[15]

Infrastructure

There are 196 inhabited villages in Sonaraithari CD block. In 2011, 167 villages had power supply. 25 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 177 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 174 villages had hand pumps, and 15 villages had no drinking water facility. 14 villages had post offices, 6 villages had sub post offices, 2 villages had telephones (land lines), 13 villages had public call offices and 67 villages had mobile phone coverage. 4 villages had bank branches, 196 villages had ATMs, 2 villages had agricultural credit societies. 38 villages had public distribution system, 14 villages had weekly haat (market) and 47 villages had assembly polling stations. ^[16]

Agriculture

The agricultural sector absorbs around two-thirds of the workforce in the district. In Sonaraithari CD block, the cultivable area formed 41.32% of the total area, and the irrigated area formed 22.79% of the cultivable area. ^[17]

Jungles in the plain areas have almost been cleared and even hills are becoming naked in an area once known for its extensive forests. ^[18]

Backward Regions Grant Fund

Deoghar district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund created by the Government of India is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand. ^{[19] [20]}

Education

Sonaraithari CD block had 46 villages with pre-primary schools, 108 villages with primary schools, 26 villages with middle schools, 2 villages with secondary schools, 1 village with senior secondary school, 86 villages with no educational facility. ^[16]
.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

Healthcare

Sonaraithari CD block had 10 villages with primary health centres, 8 villages with primary health subcentres, 1 village with maternity and child welfare centre, 1 village with TB clinic, 1 village with allopathic hospital, 10 villages with veterinary hospitals, 1 village with family welfare centre, 9 villages with medicine shops. ^[16]
.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

References

1. "District Census Handbook, Deoghar, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 9-10: Physical aspects, 2011 census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
2. Roy Choudhary, P.C. "Bihar District Gazettteers: Santal Parganas". General, pages 7-8. Secretariat Press, Patna, 1965. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
3. "Deoghar CD block/ tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
4. "Dumka CD block/ tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
5. "District Census Handbook, Deoghar, Series 21, Part XII B" (PDF). Page 25: District Primary Census Abstract, 2011 census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
6. "District Police Profile - Deoghar". Jharkhand Police. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
7. "District Census Handbook, Jamtara, Series 21, Part XII B" (PDF). Map of Deoghar on the third page. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
8. "List of Gram Panchayats in Deoghar District" (PDF). 2015 update. Deoghar district administration. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
9. "District Census Handbook Deoghar, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census" (PDF). page 23: Note on mother tongue of earlier census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
10. "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
11. "District Census Handbook Deoghar, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census" (PDF). page 23: Note on religion data of Deoghar district during census 2011. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
12. "Rural Poverty in Jharkhad, India" (PDF). Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
13. "Eliminating poverty" (PDF). Jharkhand government. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
14. "District Census Handbook, Deoghar" (PDF). Tables 34, 30 Series 21, Part XII A, 2011 census. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
15. "District Census Handbook 2011 Deoghar, Series 21 Part XII A" (PDF). Page 12: Census Concepts. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
16. "District Census Handbook, Deoghar, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 1123-1126 Appendix I: Village Directory. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
17. "District Census Handbook, Deoghar, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Table 34 distribution of workers by sex in four categories of economic activity in CD blocks, 2011, Table 41: Distribution of villages according to land use, 2011. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
18. "District Census Handbook, Deoghar, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 11: Forest, Flora and Fauna. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
19. "Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines" (PDF). Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
20. "Backward Regions Grant Fund". Press Release, 14 June 2012. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 1 November 2020.