Native Americans,sometimes called American Indians,First Americans,or Indigenous Americans,are the Indigenous peoples of the United States or portions thereof,such as American Indians from the contiguous United States and Alaska Natives. The United States Census Bureau defines Native American as "all people indigenous to the United States and its territories,including Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders,whose data are published separately from American Indians and Alaska Natives". The U.S. census tracks data from American Indians and Alaska Native separately from Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders,who include Samoan Americans and Chamorros. This demographic generally does not include Mesoamerican Indigenous peoples like the Maya.
The prime minister of India is the head of government of the Republic of India. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen Council of Ministers,despite the president of India being the nominal head of the executive. The prime minister has to be a member of one of the houses of bicameral Parliament of India,alongside heading the respective house. The prime minister and their cabinet are at all times responsible to the Lok Sabha.
Rajiv Gandhi was an Indian politician who served as the 6th Prime Minister of India from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the assassination of his mother,then–prime minister Indira Gandhi,to become at the age of 40 the youngest Indian prime minister. He served until his defeat at the 1989 election,and then became Leader of the Opposition,Lok Sabha,resigning in December 1990,six months before his own assassination.
The president of India is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive,the first citizen of the country,as well as the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Murmu is the 15th and current president,having taken office from 25 July 2022.
The Bharatiya Janata Party is a political party in India and one of the two major Indian political parties alongside the Indian National Congress. Since 2014,it has been the ruling political party in India under the incumbent Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The BJP is aligned with right-wing politics and has close ideological and organisational links to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) volunteer paramilitary organisation. Its policies adhere to Hindutva,a Hindu nationalist ideology. As of January 2024,it is the country's biggest political party in terms of representation in the Parliament of India as well as state legislatures.
The Indian National Congress (INC),colloquially the Congress Party or simply the Congress,is a political party in India with deep roots in most regions of India. Founded on 28 December 1885,it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century,and especially after 1920,under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi,the Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. The Congress led India to independence from the United Kingdom,and significantly influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.
Lal Krishna Advani is an Indian politician who served as the 7th Deputy Prime Minister of India from 2002 to 2004. He is one of the co-founders of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and a member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS),a right-wing Hindu nationalist volunteer organization. He is the longest serving Minister of Home Affairs serving from 1998 to 2004. He is also the longest serving Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha. He was the prime ministerial candidate of the BJP during the 2009 general election.
The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated as CPI(M)) is a communist political party in India. It is the largest communist party in India in terms of membership and electoral seats,and one of the national parties of India. The party was founded through a splitting from the Communist Party of India in 1964 and it quickly became the dominant faction.
The Samajwadi Party is a socialist political party in India. It was founded on 4 October 1992 by former Janata Dal politician Mulayam Singh Yadav and is headquartered in New Delhi. The Samajwadi Party is currently led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh,Akhilesh Yadav.
The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. The President of India,in their role as head of the legislature,has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha,but they can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the Prime Minister and their Union Council of Ministers.
The Government of India constitutionally known as the Union Government and also called the Central Government,is the national authority of the Republic of India,a federal republic located in South Asia,consisting of 28 states and eight union territories.
Manmohan Singh is an Indian retired politician,economist,academician and bureaucrat who served as the 13th Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014. He is the fourth longest-serving prime minister after Jawaharlal Nehru,Indira Gandhi and Narendra Modi. A member of the Indian National Congress,Singh was the first Sikh prime minister of India. He was also the first prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term. Singh is also regarded as the most educated prime minister of India.
Pranab Mukherjee was an Indian politician who served as the 13th president of India from 2012 until 2017. He was the first person from West Bengal to hold the post of President of India. In a political career spanning five decades,Mukherjee was a senior leader in the Indian National Congress and occupied several ministerial portfolios in the Government of India. Prior to his election as President,Mukherjee was Finance Minister from 2009 to 2012. He was awarded India's highest civilian honour,the Bharat Ratna,in 2019,by his successor as president,Ram Nath Kovind.
The United Progressive Alliance was a political alliance in India led by the Indian National Congress. It was formed after the 2004 general election with support from left-leaning political parties when no single party got the majority.
Sunita Lyn Williams,nicknamed Suni in the United States and Sončka in Slovenia,is an American astronaut,United States Navy officer,and former record holder for most spacewalks by a woman (seven) and most spacewalk time for a woman. Williams was assigned to the International Space Station as a member of Expedition 14 and Expedition 15. In 2012,she served as a flight engineer on Expedition 32 and then commander of Expedition 33. In 2024 she returned to the ISS on the Boeing Crewed Flight Test,the first crewed mission of the Boeing Starliner.
Prathibha Devisingh Patil is an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th president of India from 2007 to 2012. She was the first woman to become the president of India. A member of the Indian National Congress,she also served as the Governor of Rajasthan from 2004 to 2007,and was a member of the Lok Sabha from 1991 to 1996.
Akhilesh Yadav is an Indian politician and national president of the Samajwadi Party who served as the 20th Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. Having assumed the chief minister's office on 15 March 2012 at the age of 38,he is the youngest person to have held the office till date. Yadav is the Leader of Opposition in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly since March 2022,the incumbent Member of Parliament for Kannauj in the 18th Lok Sabha,and an elected Member of Legislative Assembly for Karhal in the 18th Vidhan Sabha.
Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia is an Indian politician who served as the Minister of Civil Aviation and Steel in the second Narendra Modi ministry from 2021. He was a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha representing the state of Madhya Pradesh from 2020 till his win in the 2024 Lok Sabha elections. He is a Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha,representing the Guna constituency in Madhya Pradesh from 2002 until his defeat in the 2019 Indian general election,and then since 4 June 2024. He is a former member of the Indian National Congress (INC) from 2001 to 2020 and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) since 2020. While a member of the INC,he served as the Minister of State for Power and Corporate in the second Manmohan Singh ministry from 2012 to 2014.
The Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party or YSR Congress Party is an Indian regional political party based in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It was founded by Kolishetty Siva Kumar,a fan of YSR,in 2009 and taken over by Y. S. Jagan,the son of former Andhra Pradesh chief minister Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy in 2011. Both YSR and YS Jagan had been members of the Indian National Congress. Its president,Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy,has previously served as the state's chief minister. It currently has 4 seats in the Lok Sabha.
The Election Commission of India (ECI) is a constitutional body established by the Constitution of India empowered to conduct free and fair elections in India. The Election commission is headed by a Chief Election Commissioner and consists of two other Election Commissioners.
