India,officially the Republic of India,is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area;the most populous country as of June 2023;and from the time of its independence in 1947,the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south,the Arabian Sea on the southwest,and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast,it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China,Nepal,and Bhutan to the north;and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean,India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives;its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand,Myanmar,and Indonesia.
Politics of India works within the framework of the country's Constitution. India is a parliamentary secular democratic republic in which the president of India is the head of state &first citizen of India and the Prime Minister of India is the head of government. It is based on the federal structure of government,although the word is not used in the Constitution itself. India follows the dual polity system,i.e. federal in nature,that consists of the central authority at the centre and states at the periphery. The Constitution defines the organizational powers and limitations of both central and state governments;it is well recognised,fluid and considered supreme,i.e. the laws of the nation must conform to it.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was an Indian lawyer,anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule. He inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā,first applied to him in South Africa in 1914,is now used throughout the world.
Native Americans,sometimes called American Indians,First Americans,or Indigenous Americans,are the Indigenous peoples of the United States or portions thereof,such as American Indians from the contiguous United States and Alaska Natives. The United States Census Bureau defines Native American as "all people indigenous to the United States and its territories,including Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders,whose data are published separately from American Indians and Alaska Natives". The U.S. census tracks data from American Indians and Alaska Native separately from Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders,who include Samoan Americans and Chamorros.
The prime minister of India is the head of government of the Republic of India. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen Council of Ministers,despite the president of India being the nominal head of the executive. The prime minister has to be a member of one of the houses of bicameral Parliament of India,alongside heading the respective house. The prime minister and their cabinet are at all times responsible to the Lok Sabha.
The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is a public,deemed,research university for higher education and research in science,engineering,design,and management. It is located in the southern Indian city of Bangalore,Karnataka. The institute was established in 1909 with active support from Jamsetji Tata and thus is also locally known as the "Tata Institute". It is ranked among the most prestigious academic institutions in India and has the highest citation-per-faculty among all the universities in the world. It was granted a deemed university status in 1958 and recognized as an Institute of Eminence in 2018.
Indian Territory and the Indian Territories are terms that generally described an evolving land area set aside by the United States government for the relocation of Native Americans who held original Indian title to their land as an independent nation-state. The concept of an Indian territory was an outcome of the U.S. federal government's 18th- and 19th-century policy of Indian removal. After the American Civil War (1861–1865),the policy of the U.S. government was one of assimilation.
The president of India is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive,the first citizen of the country,as well as the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Murmu is the 15th and current president,having taken office from 25 July 2022.
The Bharatiya Janata Party is a political party in India and one of the two major Indian political parties alongside the Indian National Congress. Since 2014,it has been the ruling political party in India under the incumbent Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The BJP is aligned with right-wing politics and has close ideological and organisational links to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) volunteer paramilitary organisation. Its policies adhere to Hindutva,a Hindu nationalist ideology. As of January 2024,it is the country's biggest political party in terms of representation in the Parliament of India as well as state legislatures.
The Indian National Congress (INC),colloquially the Congress Party or simply the Congress,is a political party in India with deep roots in most regions of India. Founded in 1885,it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century,and especially after 1920,under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi,the Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. The Congress led India to independence from the United Kingdom,and significantly influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.
Lal Krishna Advani is an Indian politician who served as the 7th Deputy Prime Minister of India from 2002 to 2004. He is one of the co-founders of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and a member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS),a right-wing Hindu nationalist volunteer organization. He is the longest serving Minister of Home Affairs serving from 1998 to 2004. He is also the longest serving Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha. He was the prime ministerial candidate of the BJP during the 2009 general election.
The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. The President of India,in their role as head of the legislature,has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha,but they can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the Prime Minister and their Union Council of Ministers.
The United Progressive Alliance was a political alliance in India led by the Indian National Congress. It was formed after the 2004 general election with support from left-leaning political parties when no single party got the majority.
Bhagat Singh was an Indian anti-colonial revolutionary,who participated in the mistaken murder of a junior British police officer in December 1928 in what was to be retaliation for the death of an Indian nationalist. He later took part in a largely symbolic bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi and a hunger strike in jail,which—on the back of sympathetic coverage in Indian-owned newspapers—turned him into a household name in the Punjab region,and after his execution at age 23 into a martyr and folk hero in Northern India. Borrowing ideas from Bolshevism and anarchism,the charismatic Singh electrified a growing militancy in India in the 1930s,and prompted urgent introspection within the Indian National Congress's nonviolent but eventually successful campaign for India's independence.
Mukesh Dhirubhai Ambani is an Indian businessman. He is the chairman and managing director of Reliance Industries,India's most valuable company by market value with an estimated net worth of $113.7 billion according to Forbes as of March 2024,he is the richest person in Asia and 11th richest in the world. He is also ranked as the 11th richest person in the world in Bloomberg Billionaires Index with an estimated net worth of $110 billion. Sometimes characterized as a plutocrat,he has attracted both fame and notoriety for reports of market manipulation,political corruption,cronyism,and exploitation.
The Marine Commandos,abbreviated to MARCOS and officially called the Marine Commando Force (MCF),are the special forces of the Indian Navy. The MARCOS were originally named Indian Marine Special Force,which was later changed to Marine Commando Force to impart "an element of individuality" to it,according to the Indian Navy. The abbreviation 'MARCOS' was coined afterwards.
Prathibha Devisingh Patil is an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th president of India from 2007 to 2012. She was the first woman to become the president of India. A member of the Indian National Congress,she previously served as the Governor of Rajasthan from 2004 to 2007,and was a member of the Lok Sabha from 1991 to 1996.
Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia is an Indian politician who serves as the Minister of Civil Aviation and Steel in the second Narendra Modi ministry since 2021 and 2022 respectively. He is a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha representing the state of Madhya Pradesh since 2020. He is a former Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha,representing the Guna constituency in Madhya Pradesh from 2002 until his defeat in the 2019 election. He is former member of the Indian National Congress (INC) from 2001 to 2020 and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) since 2020. While a member of the INC,he served as the Minister of State for Power and Corporate in the second Manmohan Singh ministry from 2012 to 2014.
The 58th National Film Awards,presented by Directorate of Film Festivals,the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting,India to felicitate the best of Indian Cinema for the year 2010.
Bangalore,officially Bengaluru,is the capital and largest city of the southern Indian state of Karnataka. It has a population of more than 8 million and a metropolitan population of around 15 million,making it India's third most populous city and fourth most populous urban agglomeration. It is the most populous city and largest urban agglomeration in South India,and is the 27th largest city in the world. Located on the Deccan Plateau,at a height of over 900 m (3,000 ft) above sea level,Bangalore has a pleasant climate throughout the year,with its parks and green spaces earning it the reputation of India's "Garden City". Its elevation is the highest of India's major cities.
