Alicante

Last updated

Alicante
Alicante (Spanish)
Alacant (Valencian)
Alicante, Spain.jpg
View of the harbour with the Castle of Santa Bárbara in the foreground
Explanada de Espana.jpg
Explanada de España
Alacant 231.jpg
Casa Carbonell
Alicante Stadhuis.JPG
City hall
Playa del Postiguet, Alicante, Espana, 2014-07-04, DD 47.JPG
Beach of El Postiguet
Bandera d'Alacant.svg
Escut d'Alacant 02.svg
Alicante
Location of Alicante
Spain Valencian Community location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Alicante
Spain location map with provinces.svg
Red pog.svg
Alicante
Coordinates: 38°20′43″N0°28′59″W / 38.34528°N 0.48306°W / 38.34528; -0.48306
CountrySpain
Autonomous Community Valencian Community
Province Alicante
Comarca Alacantí
Founded324 BC
Government
   Mayor Luis Barcala (PP)
Area
  Total201.27 km2 (77.71 sq mi)
Elevation
 (AMSL)
3 m (10 ft)
Population
 (2022-1-1) [1]
  Total348,901
  Rank10
  Density1,700/km2 (4,500/sq mi)
Demonyms alicantino, -na (es)
alacantí, -ina (va)
GDP
[2]
  Metro€34.014 billion (2020)
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
  Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
03000–03016
Area code +34 (ES) + 96 (A)
Administrative Divisions12
Neighborhoods45
Climate BSh
Website www.alicante.es

Alicante [lower-alpha 1] (Valencian : Alacant) [lower-alpha 2] is a city and municipality in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is the capital of the province of Alicante and a historic Mediterranean port. The population of the city was 337,482 as of 2020, the second-largest in the Valencian Community. [5] [lower-alpha 3]

Contents

Toponymy

The name of the city echoes the Arabic name Laqant (لَقَنْت), al-Laqant (اللَّقَنْت) or Al-qant (القنت), [6] which in turn reflects the Latin Lucentum [7] and Greek root Leuké (or Leuka), meaning "white".

History

The area around Alicante has been inhabited for over 7000 years. The first tribes of hunter-gatherers moved down gradually from Central Europe between 5000 and 3000 BC. Some of the earliest settlements were made on the slopes of Mount Benacantil. By 1000 BC Greek and Phoenician traders had begun to visit the eastern coast of Spain, establishing small trading ports and introducing the native Iberian tribes to the alphabet, iron, and the pottery wheel. The Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca established the fortified settlement of Akra Leuké (Greek: Ἄκρα Λευκή, meaning "White Mountain" or "White Point"), in the mid-230s BC, which is generally presumed to have been on the site of modern Alicante.

Archeological site of Tossal de Manises, ancient Iberian-Carthaginian-Roman city of Akra Leuke or Lucentum Tossal-plantagral.jpg
Archeological site of Tossal de Manises, ancient IberianCarthaginianRoman city of Akra Leuké or Lucentum

Although the Carthaginians conquered much of the land around Alicante, the Romans would eventually rule Hispania Tarraconensis for over 700 years. By the 5th century AD, Rome was in decline and the Roman predecessor town of Alicante, known as Lucentum (Latin), was more or less under the control of the Visigothic warlord Theudimer and thereafter under Visigothic rule from 400 to 700 A.D. The Goths did not put up much resistance to the Arab conquest of Medina Laqant at the beginning of the 8th century. The Moors ruled southern and eastern Spain until the 13th century Reconquista (Reconquest). Alicante was conquered again in 1247 by the Castilian king Alfonso X, but later passed to the Kingdom of Valencia in 1296 with King James II of Aragon. It gained the status of Royal Village (Vila Reial) with representation in the medieval Valencian Parliament (Corts Valencianes).

After several decades of being the battlefield where the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon clashed, Alicante became a major Mediterranean trading station exporting rice, wine, olive oil, oranges, and wool. But between 1609 and 1614 King Felipe III expelled thousands of Moriscos who had remained in Valencia after the Reconquista, due to their cooperation with Barbary pirates who continually attacked coastal cities and caused much harm to trade. This act cost the region dearly; with so many skilled artisans and agricultural labourers gone, the feudal nobility found itself sliding into bankruptcy.

Conditions worsened in the early 18th century; after the War of Spanish Succession, Alicante went into a long, slow decline, surviving through the 18th and 19th centuries by making shoes and growing agricultural produce such as oranges and almonds, and thanks to its fisheries. The end of the 19th century witnessed a sharp recovery of the local economy with increasing international trade and the growth of the city harbour leading to increased exports of several products (particularly during World War I when Spain was a neutral country).

During the early 20th century, Alicante was a minor capital that took profit from the benefit of Spain's neutrality during World War I, and that provided new opportunities for local industry and agriculture. The Rif War in the 1920s saw numerous alicantinos drafted to fight in the long and bloody campaigns in the former Spanish protectorate (northern Morocco) against the Rif rebels. The political unrest of the late 1920s led to the victory of Republican candidates in local council elections throughout the country, and the abdication of King Alfonso XIII. The proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic was much celebrated in the city on 14 April 1931. The Spanish Civil War broke out on 17 July 1936. Alicante was the last city loyal to the Republican government to be occupied by General Franco's troops on 1 April 1939, and its harbour saw the last Republican government officials fleeing the country. Vicious air bombings were targeted on Alicante during the three years of civil conflict, most notably the bombing by the Italian Aviazione Legionaria of the Mercado on 25 May 1938 in which more than 300 civilians perished.

The port of Alicante was the site of the heroic episode of the British ship SS Stanbrook in 1939 at the end of the Spanish Civil War. Her captain Archibald Dickson decided to rescue thousands of Spanish Republicans families during the night of 28th March 1939 under the bombing of the Nazis. [8]

From 1954 onwards many pied-noirs settled in the city (as many as 30,000, although other sources decrease the amount tenfold). [9] Alicante had fostered strong links with Oran in the past, and a notable share of the population of the latter city during the French colonial period had ancestry in the province of Alicante. [9] The immigration process accelerated after the independence of Algeria in 1962. [9]

El Postiguet beach in 1957 Playa de Alicante.jpg
El Postiguet beach in 1957

The late 1950s and early 1960s saw the onset of a lasting transformation of the city by the tourist industry. Large buildings and complexes rose in nearby Albufereta, e.g. El Barco, and Playa de San Juan de Alicante, with the benign climate being the biggest draw to attract prospective buyers and tourists who kept the hotels reasonably busy. New construction benefited the whole economy, as the development of the tourism sector also spawned new businesses such as restaurants, bars, and other tourist-oriented enterprises. Also, the old airfield at Rabasa was closed and air traffic moved to the new El Altet Airport, which made a more convenient and modern facility for charter flights bringing tourists from northern European countries.

When Franco died in 1975, his successor Juan Carlos I played his part as the living symbol of the transition of Spain to a democratic constitutional monarchy. The governments of regional communities were given constitutional status as nationalities , and their governments were given more autonomy, including that of the Valencian region, the Generalitat Valenciana .

The Port of Alicante has been reinventing itself since the industrial decline the city suffered in the 1980s (with most mercantile traffic lost to Valencia's harbour). In recent years, the Port Authority has established it as one of the most important ports in Spain for cruises, with 72 calls to port made by cruise ships in 2007 bringing some 80,000 passengers and 30,000 crew to the city each year. [10] The moves to develop the port for more tourism have been welcomed by the city and its residents, but the latest plans to develop an industrial estate in the port have caused great controversy.

Geography

Alicante is located in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Some orographic features rise over the largely flat terrain where the city is built on including the Cabo de la Huerta, the Serra Grossa, the Tosal and the Benacantil hills.

Located in an arid territory, Alicante lacks any meaningful permanent water stream. [11] There are however several stream beds correspondent to intermittent ramblas. [11] There was a swamp area in the northeast of the municipality, l'Albufereta, yet it was dried up in 1928. [11]

The municipality has two exclaves in the mainland: Monnegre (between the municipalities of San Vicente del Raspeig, Mutxamel, Busot and Jijona), [12] and Cabeçó d'Or; the latter comprises part of the namesake Cabeçó d'Or mountain (including the summit, 1209 metres above sea level). [13] The small island of Tabarca, 8 nautical miles to the south of the city, also belongs to the municipality. [14]

The foot of the main staircase of the City Hall Building ( Ayuntamiento ) is the zero point (cota cero), used as the point of reference for measuring the height above or below sea level of any point in Spain, due to the marginal tidal variations of the Mediterranean sea at Alicante. [15]

Economy

Port of Alicante Port of Alicante 7.jpg
Port of Alicante

Until the global recession which started in 2008, Alicante was one of the fastest-growing cities in Spain. The boom depended partly on tourism directed to the beaches of the Costa Blanca and particularly on the second residence-construction boom which started in the 1960s and revived again by the late 1990s. Services and public administration also play a major role in the city's economy. The construction boom has raised many environmental concerns and both the local autonomous government and city council are under scrutiny by the European Union. The construction surge was the subject of hot debates among politicians and citizens alike. The latest of many public battles concerns the plans of the Port Authority of Alicante to construct an industrial estate on reclaimed land in front of the city's coastal strip, in breach of local, national, and European regulations. (See Port of Alicante for details).

Ciudad de la Luz Vista aerea ciudad luz.jpg
Ciudad de la Luz

The city serves as the headquarters of the European Union Intellectual Property Office and a sizeable population of European public workers live there.

The campus of the University of Alicante lies in San Vicente del Raspeig, bordering the city of Alicante to the north. More than 25,000 students attend the university. [16]

Between 2005 and 2012 Ciudad de la Luz (Ciutat de la Llum), one of the largest film studios in Europe, had its base in Alicante. The studio shot Spanish and international movies such as Asterix at the Olympic Games by Frédéric Forestier and Thomas Langmann, and Manolete by Menno Meyjes. It was shut down in 2012 for violating European competition law. [17]

Government and administration

Luis Barcala of the People's Party has been the mayor of Alicante since 19 April 2018. He became mayor after the resignation of Gabriel Echávarri, when the councillor Nerea Belmonte defected from Guanyar Alacant and refused to support the Socialist Party replacement candidate Eva Montesinos. [18]

Plenary hall where the municipal council meets. Salon de Plenos del Ayuntamiento de Alicante.JPG
Plenary hall where the municipal council meets.

Gabriel Echávarri of the Socialist Party (PSOE) was the mayor of the city from 13 June 2015 until April 2018, following the municipal elections on 24 May 2015. He was supported by the votes from his group (6), plus those from leftist parties Guanyar Alacant (6) and Compromís (3), as well as from the centre-right party Ciudadanos (6). The People's Party (Partido Popular, PP), with only 8 elected seats, lost the majority. On April he resigned due to various judicial issues and was temporarily substituted by the councillor Eva Montesinos. [19]

In the previous municipal elections of May 2011, Sonia Castedo of People's Party won the elections with an absolute majority, but resigned in December 2014 due to her involvement in several corruption scandals, at present being under investigation. Her fellow party member Miguel Valor went on to become mayor up until Echávarri's election.

Climate

Alicante has mild winter temperatures, hot and sultry summers, and little rain, concentrated in equinoctial periods. Like the rest of the Province of Alicante itself, which has a range of dry climate types, the city has a hot semi-arid climate (BSh) according to the Köppen climate classification. [20] Daily variations in temperature are generally small because of the stabilising influence of the sea, although occasional periods of westerly wind can produce temperature changes of 15 °C (27 °F) or more. Seasonal temperature variations are also relatively small, meaning that winters are mild and summers are hot. During the summer, due to the evaporation of warm Mediterranean waters, air humidity levels are high, making the day and night stuffy for much of the season. These high humidity levels increase the heat index.

The average rainfall is 311 mm (12.2 in) per year. The cold drop means that September and October are the wettest months. Rarely, the rainfall can be torrential, reaching over 100 mm (4 in) in a 24-hour period, leading to severe flooding. Because of this irregularity, only 35 rainy days are observed on average per year, and the annual number of sunshine hours is 2,851.

The record maximum temperature of 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) was observed on 13 August 2022. [21] The record minimum temperature of −4.6 °C (23.7 °F) was recorded on 12 February 1956. [22] The worst flooding in the city's modern history occurred on 30 September 1997 when 270.2 mm (10.6 in) of rain fell within six hours. [23] Temperatures below 2 °C (36 °F) are very rare; the last recorded snowfall occurred in 1926. [24] Alicante enjoys one of the sunniest and warmest winter daytime temperatures in mainland Europe. [25]

Climate data for Alicante 81m (1981–2010), extremes (1960-present) [26]
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)29.8
(85.6)
29.4
(84.9)
32.6
(90.7)
33.8
(92.8)
37.0
(98.6)
38.4
(101.1)
41.4
(106.5)
42.0
(107.6)
38.4
(101.1)
36.2
(97.2)
30.6
(87.1)
26.6
(79.9)
42.0
(107.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)17.0
(62.6)
17.6
(63.7)
19.6
(67.3)
21.3
(70.3)
24.1
(75.4)
27.8
(82.0)
30.3
(86.5)
30.8
(87.4)
28.5
(83.3)
24.9
(76.8)
20.5
(68.9)
17.7
(63.9)
23.3
(73.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)11.7
(53.1)
12.3
(54.1)
14.2
(57.6)
16.1
(61.0)
19.1
(66.4)
22.9
(73.2)
25.5
(77.9)
26.0
(78.8)
23.5
(74.3)
19.7
(67.5)
15.4
(59.7)
12.6
(54.7)
18.3
(64.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)6.3
(43.3)
7.1
(44.8)
8.9
(48.0)
10.9
(51.6)
14.1
(57.4)
18.1
(64.6)
20.7
(69.3)
21.2
(70.2)
18.5
(65.3)
14.5
(58.1)
10.3
(50.5)
7.4
(45.3)
13.2
(55.8)
Record low °C (°F)−2.6
(27.3)
−1.8
(28.8)
−1.0
(30.2)
2.6
(36.7)
4.8
(40.6)
10.4
(50.7)
13.4
(56.1)
13.2
(55.8)
9.4
(48.9)
4.0
(39.2)
0.2
(32.4)
−2.5
(27.5)
−2.6
(27.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)23
(0.9)
22
(0.9)
23
(0.9)
29
(1.1)
28
(1.1)
12
(0.5)
4
(0.2)
7
(0.3)
56
(2.2)
47
(1.9)
36
(1.4)
25
(1.0)
311
(12.2)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm)3.62.93.13.73.71.60.70.93.34.13.83.735.1
Average relative humidity (%)67666563646365676970696866
Mean monthly sunshine hours 1811802272472773023303042502171731642,851
Source 1: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología [27]
Source 2: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología [28]
Average sea temperature: [29]
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
15 °C (59 °F)14 °C (57 °F)14 °C (57 °F)16 °C (61 °F)19 °C (66 °F)22 °C (72 °F)25 °C (77 °F)26 °C (79 °F)25 °C (77 °F)23 °C (73 °F)19 °C (66 °F)17 °C (63 °F)19.6 °C (67.3 °F)

Demographics

Alicantinos at the Rambla Mendez Nunez Alicantinos.jpg
Alicantinos at the Rambla Méndez Núñez
Historical population
YearPop.±%
12502,500    
13503,250+30.0%
14181,539−52.6%
16095,040+227.5%
16466,174+22.5%
171711,019+78.5%
173512,604+14.4%
175414,394+14.2%
176817,213+19.6%
178617,345+0.8%
YearPop.±%
179719,313+11.3%
180321,447+11.0%
185727,550+28.5%
186031,162+13.1%
187734,926+12.1%
188740,115+14.9%
189749,463+23.3%
190050,495+2.1%
191055,116+9.2%
192063,382+15.0%
YearPop.±%
193071,271+12.4%
194089,198+25.2%
1950101,791+14.1%
1960121,832+19.7%
1970181,550+49.0%
1981245,963+35.5%
1991265,473+7.9%
2001288,481+8.7%
2011334,329+15.9%
2020337,482+0.9%
Source: Historical population data sources: 1250–1609: estimates by historians; 1646: Vecindario del archivo del Reino de Valencia; 1717–1803: various censuses prepared by the governments of Spain; from 1857: national census.

The official population of Alicante in 2022 was 338,577 inhabitants and 768,194 in the metropolitan area "Alicante-Elche". [5] As of 2022, about 17.7% of the population is foreign, 62195 people, most of them immigrants who have arrived in the previous 20 years. [30] Besides which, there is an estimation of additional thousands coming from countries outside the EU (mostly from the African continent) that are under illegal alien status and therefore are not accounted for in official population figures. [31] The real percentage of foreign residents is higher, since the Alicante metropolitan area is home to many Northern European retirees who are officially still residents of their own countries. A sizable number of semi-permanent residents are Spanish nationals who officially still live in other areas of Spain.

Nationalities with more than 1000 inhabitants (2022) [30]
Country of BirthMenWomenTotal
Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 484530477892
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 269532345929
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 272021044824
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 225218194071
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 182920973926
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 117617992975
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 107514042479
Flag of France.svg  France 123912262465
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 94612852231
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 103710922129
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 9409601900
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 8016161417
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 6466211267
Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 6424481090
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 5435421085

Transportation

Alicante Airport outranks the Valencia Airport, being the busiest airport in the Valencian Community, and among the busiest airports in Spain after Madrid, Barcelona, Palma de Mallorca and Málaga. It is connected with Madrid and Barcelona by frequent Iberia and Vueling flights, and with many Western European cities through carriers such as Ryanair, Easyjet and Jet2.com. There are also regular flights to Algeria.

Alicante railway station is used by Cercanías Murcia/Alicante commuter rail services linking Alicante with suburbs and Murcia. [32] Long-range Renfe trains run frequently to Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia. [33] In 2013, the Madrid–Levante high-speed rail network was extended to Alicante station, allowing AVE high-speed rail services to link to Madrid via Villena AV, Albacete-Los Llanos and Cuenca-Fernando Zóbel.

Alicante Tram connects the city with outlying settlements along Costa Blanca. As of 2020, electric tram-trains run up to Benidorm, and diesel trains go further to Dénia. [34]

The city has regular ferry services to the Balearic Islands and Algeria. [35] The city is strongly fortified, with a spacious harbour.

Main sights

Amongst the most notable features of the city are the Castle of Santa Bárbara and the port of Alicante. The latter was the subject of bitter controversy in 2006–2007 as residents battled, successfully, to keep it from being changed into an industrial estate.

The Santa Bárbara castle is situated on Mount Benacantil, overlooking the city. The tower (La Torreta) at the top, is the oldest part of the castle, while part of the lowest zone and the walls were constructed later in the 18th century.

The promenade Explanada de España, lined by palm trees, is paved with 6.5 million marble floor tiles creating a wavy form. The Promenade extends from the Port of Alicante to the Gran Vía and ends at the famous statue of Mark Hersch. For the people of Alicante, the promenade is the meeting place for the traditional Spanish paseo, or stroll along the waterfront in the evenings, and a venue for outdoor musical concerts. At the end of the promenade is a monument by the artist Bañuls of the 19th century.

Barrio de la Santa Cruz is a colourful quarter of the old city, situated southwest of Santa Bárbara castle. Its small houses climb up the hill leading to the walls and the castle, through narrow streets decorated with flags and tubs of flowers.

L'Ereta Park is situated on the foothills of Mount Benacantil. It runs from the Santa Bárbara castle down to the old part of Alicante and consists of several levels, routes, decks, and rest stops which offer a panoramic view overlooking the city.

El Palmeral Park is one of the favourite parks of Alicante's citizens. It includes walking trails, children's playgrounds, ponds and brooks, picnic tables, and an auditorium for concerts.

Just a few kilometers from Alicante on the Mediterranean Sea lies Tabarca island. What was once a haven for Barbary pirates is now a tourist attraction.

Other sights include:

There are a dozen museums in Alicante. On exhibition at the Archaeological Museum of Alicante (MARQ) are local artifacts dating from 100,000 years ago until the early 20th century. The collection is divided into different rooms representing three divisions of archaeological methodology: ground, urban and underwater archaeology, with dioramas, audiovisual and interactive zones. The archaeological museum won the European Museum of the Year Award in 2004. Gravina Museum of Fine Arts presents several paintings and sculptures from the 16th century to the 19th century. Asegurada Museum of Contemporary Art houses a major collection of twentieth-century art, composed mainly of works donated by Eusebio Sempere.

Festivals

The most important festival, the Bonfires of Saint John (Hogueras de San Juan / Fogueres de Sant Joan), takes place during the summer solstice. This is followed a week later by five nights of firework and pyrotechnic contests between companies on the urban beach Playa del Postiguet. Another well-known festival is Moors and Christians (Moros y Cristianos) in Altozano or San Blas district. Overall, the city boasts a year-round nightlife for the enjoyment of tourists, residents, and a large student population of the University of Alicante. The nightlife social scene tends to shift to nearby Playa de San Juan during the summer months.

Every summer in Alicante, a two-month-long programme of music, theatre and dance is staged in the Paseo del Puerto. [36]

Sport

For the 2023/24 season Alicante has two football clubs in the top 4 levels of Spanish football; Hércules CF and CF Intercity. For the 2023/24 season Hércules compete in Segunda Federación, the 4th level and are well known as they played in La Liga (the Spanish Premier Division) during the 1996/1997 season and again in 2010/2011. They have had many famous players such as David Trezeguet, Royston Drenthe and Nelson Valdez. Hércules are also known for their victory over Barcelona in 1997 which led to Real Madrid winning the league. Home games are played at the 30,000-capacity José Rico Pérez Stadium.

The city's other club, Alicante CF, who played in the Third Division, was dissolved in 2014 due to economic problems. They were replaced in 2017 by newly formed club CF Intercity, who compete in Primera Federación, the 3rd level of Spanish football, in the 23/24 season and play at Estadio Antonio Solana.

Basketball club (HLA Alicante) Lucentum Alicante participates in the Spanish basketball league. It plays in the Centro de Tecnificación de Alicante.

Alicante serves as headquarters and the starting point of the Volvo Ocean Race, a yacht race around the world. The latest race sailed in January 2023.

Twin towns – sister cities

Alicante is twinned with: [37]

See also

Notes

  1. /ˌælɪˈkænti/ , also UK: /-t/ , [3] US: /ˌælɪˈkɑːnti,ˌɑːl-/ , [4] Spanish: [aliˈkante]
  2. Valencian: [alaˈkant]
  3. The conurbation includes Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Mutxamel and El Campello. See Área metropolitana de Alicante-Elche for data and methodology.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Valencia</span> Municipality in Spain

Valencia is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 792,492 inhabitants (2022). It is the capital of the province of the same name. The wider urban area comprising the neighbouring municipalities has a population of around 1.6 million, constituting one of the major urban areas on the European side of the Mediterranean Sea. It is located on the banks of the Turia, on the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula at the Gulf of Valencia, north of the Albufera lagoon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elche</span> Municipality in Valencian Community, Spain

Elche is a city and municipality of Spain, belonging to the province of Alicante, in the Valencian Community. According to 2014 data, Elche has a population of 228,647 inhabitants, making it the third most populated municipality in the region and the 20th largest Spanish municipality. It is part of the comarca of Baix Vinalopó.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benidorm</span> Municipality in Valencian Community, Spain

Benidorm is a municipality in the province of Alicante, Valencian Community, on the Mediterranean coast of Spain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Almería</span> Municipality in Andalusia, Spain

Almería is a city and municipality of Spain, located in Andalusia. It is the capital of the province of the same name. It lies in southeastern Iberia on the Mediterranean Sea. Caliph Abd al-Rahman III founded the city in 955. The city grew wealthy during the Islamic era, becoming a world city throughout the 11th and 12th centuries. It enjoyed an active port that traded silk, oil, and raisins. Being adjacent to a small desert, Almería has an exceptionally dry climate by European standards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Villena</span> City in Valencian Community, Spain

Villena is a city in Spain, in the Valencian Community. It is located at the northwest part of Alicante, and borders to the west with Castilla-La Mancha and Murcia, to the north with the province of Valencia and to the east and south with the province of Alicante. It is the capital of the comarca of the Alto Vinalopó. The municipality has an area of 345.6 km² and a population of 34,928 inhabitants as of INE 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Pola</span> Place in Spain

Santa Pola is a coastal town located in the comarca of Baix Vinalopó in the Valencian Community, Spain, by the Mediterranean Sea. It has an area of 58.6 km2 (23 sq mi) and has a population of 36,174 inhabitants of whom 6,000 are residents of the nearby town of Gran Alacant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tabarca</span>

Tabarca, officially Nueva Tabarca and also known as Isla Plana (Spanish) and as Nova Tabarca and Illa Plana in Valencian, is an islet located in the Mediterranean Sea, close to the town of Santa Pola, in the province of Alicante, Valencian community, Spain. Tabarca is the largest island in the Valencian Community, and the smallest permanently inhabited islet in Spain. It is known for its marine reserve.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pinoso</span> Municipality in Valencian Community, Spain

Pinoso, officially El Pinós/Pinoso is a traditional town which sits located in the mountainous countryside of the Alicante/Murcia border. This traditional town is renowned for the production of fine wines, rock salt and marble. Pinoso has a population of 7,300 and a municipal area of 126 km2. Recently it has experienced a growth in tourism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">San Vicente del Raspeig / Sant Vicent del Raspeig</span> Municipality in Valencian Community, Spain

San Vicente del Raspeig (Spanish) or Sant Vicent del Raspeig (Valencian), or simply San Vicente / Sant Vicent, is a municipality located in the comarca of Alacantí, in the province of Alicante, Spain, inside the conurbation of Alicante city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palmeral of Elche</span>

The Palmeral or Palm Grove of Elche is the generic name for a system of date palm orchards in the city of Elche, Spain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Alicante</span>

The history of Alicante spans thousands of years. Alicante has been regarded as a strategic military location on the Mediterranean coast of Spain since ancient times. It is protected on the southwest by Cape Santa Pola and on the southeast by Cape Huerta. The fortified complex of Santa Bárbara Castle, the older parts of which were built in the 9th century, dominates the city from a height of 160 m atop Mount Benacantil, a rocky massif overlooking the sea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alicante railway station</span>

Alicante Terminal is the central railway station of Alicante, Spain. Commonly referred locally as the RENFE station, the station is part of Adif system, and is a terminal station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Valencian Community</span> Autonomous community of Spain

The Valencian Community is an autonomous community of Spain. It is the fourth most populous Spanish autonomous community after Andalusia, Catalonia and the Community of Madrid with more than five million inhabitants. Its homonymous capital Valencia is the third largest city and metropolitan area in Spain. It is located along the Mediterranean coast on the east side of the Iberian Peninsula. It borders Catalonia to the north, Aragon and Castilla–La Mancha to the west, and Murcia to the south, and the Balearic Islands are to its east. The Valencian Community is divided into three provinces: Castellón, Valencia and Alicante.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Benacantil</span> Mountain in Alicante, Spain

Mount Benacantil is a mount that dominates the urban part of Alicante, and is the characteristic image of the city. The mount name appears as Banu-l-Qatil in the work of Muslim geographer Al-Idrisi in the 12th century, but it is possible that this is an error of transcription because it does not make sense in Arabic. Compared with other names in the Valencian Community, the mount name is more likely to be derived from the word "benna", an Arabic transcription of "pinna", which is "rock" in Latin; combined with the adjective "laqanti", which comes from "Laqant," the Arabic name of the city. Therefore, a half Roman, half Arabic toponym, "Benna Laqanti".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Valencians</span>

Valencians are the native people of the Valencian Community, in eastern Spain. Legally, Valencians are the inhabitants of the community. Since 2006, the Valencian people are officially recognised in the Valencian Statute of Autonomy as a nationality "within the unity of the Spanish nation". The official languages of Valencia are Valencian and Spanish.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Climate of Spain</span> Overview of the climate of Spain

The climate of Spain is highly diverse and varies considerably across the country's various regions. Spain is the most climatically diverse country in Europe with 13 different Köppen climates.

The Regional basketball competitions in Spain are competitions usually played in summer with the best teams in each Autonomous Communities.

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Alicante, Spain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Valencian Art Nouveau</span> Art and literature movement associated with Art Nouveau

Valencian Art Nouveau is the historiographic denomination given to an art and literature movement associated with the Art Nouveau in the Valencian Community, in Spain.

References

  1. Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
  2. "Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan regions". ec.europa.eu.
  3. "Alicante". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 16 July 2021.
  4. "Alicante". Lexico UK English Dictionary US English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 16 July 2021.
  5. 1 2 "List of place name: Population of the Continuous Municipal Register by Population Unit". Ine.es. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). 2016. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  6. Arslan, Shakib (1936). الحلل السندسية في الأخبار والآثار الأندلسية - Sindhis solutions in Andalusian news and effects (in Arabic).
  7. "Laqant". Gran Enciclopedia Temática de la Comunidad Valenciana (in Valencian). Vol. Historia. Editorial Prensa Valenciana. 2009.
  8. "Master Archibald Dickson | War Casualty Details 2782442".
  9. 1 2 3 Garrigós Monerris & Daniel Villa 2009, p. 60.
  10. "El puerto de Alicante registrará 72 escalas de cruceros durante 2007". Diariocrítico de la Comunidad Valenciana (in Spanish). 16 May 2007. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011.
  11. 1 2 3 Martínez Martínez 2014, p. 87.
  12. "Estudio de paisaje del municipio de alicante" (PDF). Ayuntamiento de Alicante. p. 34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
  13. "Busot reparará el vértice geodésico del Cabeçó D'Or". Alicante Press. 7 April 2019.
  14. "Isla de Tabarca". Instituto Geológico y Minero de España.
  15. "Ayuntamiento de Alicante, Edificios Singulares". alicante-ayto.es (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 June 2009.
  16. "Annual Report for academic year 2018–19". University of Alicante (in Spanish).
  17. "Adiós a los estudios de cine Ciudad de la Luz | Cine y Tele". 14 February 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  18. "El PP recupera Alicante al fracasar el pacto del PSOE con la tránsfuga de Podemos. Noticias de Comunidad Valenciana". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 20 April 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  19. Sánchez, Manrique C. (23 March 2018). "El alcalde de Alicante firma su dimisión, que hará efectiva el 9 de abril". El País (in Spanish). ISSN   1134-6582 . Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  20. "Iberian Climate Atlas" (PDF). www.aemet.es. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  21. "Alicante/Alacant Aeropuerto". Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  22. "Valores extremos. Alicante/Alacant". Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  23. D. Prats Rico; M.F. Chillón Arias (1 May 2001). "A reverse osmosis potable water plant at Alicante University: first years of operation". Desalination. 137 (1–3): 92. doi:10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00215-6. As can be observed, torrential rain was registered in Alicante on 30th September 1997 (270L/m2). This occurred during an interval of only 6h, causing widespread flooding in the city.
  24. "Nieve en la Ciudad de Alicante" [Snow in the City of Alicante]. myartsonline.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  25. "Alicante Airport Time and Weather - ALC Airport Time and Weather". Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  26. "Guía resumida del clima en España (1981-2010)". Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  27. "Valores climatológicos normales. Alicante/Alacant". Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  28. "Guía resumida del clima en España. Alicante/Alacant". Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  29. "Alicante Climate". Seatemperature.org.
  30. 1 2 "Población de Alicante". Ayuntamiento de Alicante. 4 March 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  31. "Pateras en Alicante: una tendencia al alza pero todavía lejos de convertirse en 'punto caliente'". El Español . June 2021.
  32. "Murcia/Alicante". RENFE Cercanías.
  33. "RENFE destinations from ALACANT-TERMINAL". Horarios.renfe.es. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
  34. "TRAM Alicante". Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana.[ permanent dead link ]
  35. "Alicante Ferry Port". Aferry.co.uk. Archived from the original on 26 February 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
  36. "Alicante Festivals". Alicante.com. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
  37. "Curiosas anécdotas de la ciudad de Alicante". lalonja-alicante.com (in Spanish). La Lonja. 6 April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  38. "El Alcalde recibe a una delegación de la ciudad de Carloforte hermanada con Alicante". 12endigital.es (in Spanish). 12 en digital. 5 September 2018. Archived from the original on 24 October 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  39. "ערים תאומות". herzliya.muni.il (in Hebrew). Herzliya. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  40. Pascual, C. (20 March 2020). "La ciudad china de Wenzhou, hermanada con Alicante, ofrece un avión cargado de material sanitario". Información (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 December 2020.

Bibliography