This is an incomplete list of ancient Greek cities, including colonies outside Greece. Note that there were a great number of Greek cities in the ancient world. In this list, a city is defined as a single population center. These were often referred to as poleis in the ancient world, these were autonomous city-states, although the list is not limited to poleis but includes also settlements that were not sovereign city-states. Also excluded from the list are larger units, such as kingdoms or empires.
A city is defined as ancient Greek if at any time its population or the dominant stratum within it spoke Greek. Many were soon assimilated to some other language. By analogy some cities are included that never spoke Greek and were not Hellenic, but contributed to Hellenic culture later found in the region.
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Abdera | Thrace (near Xanthi), Greece | Avdira | |
Abila | 13 km north-northeast of Irbid, Jordan | Harta or Hartha | Abila Dekapoleos, Abila (Greek: Ἄβιλα), Seleucia (Greek: Σελεύκεια), Seleuceia, Seleukeia, Seleukheia, Ancient Raphana |
Abydos | North of Çanakkale, East Bank of Hellespont | Nağara, pronounced Nara | Abydus |
Acanthus | Athos | Ierissos | Erisso |
Acharnae | near Acharnes and Ano Liosia, about 10 km north of Athens | Acharnes | Menidi |
Actium | mouth of the Ambracian Gulf | Punta, abandoned | |
Adramyttium | Edremit (Town), Balıkesir | Edremit (Town) | Adramyttion, Adramytteion, Atramyttion |
Aegae | Central Macedonia, near modern Vergina, Greece | abandoned | Aigai |
Aegina | island in the Saronic Gulf, 27 km (17 mi) from Athens | Aegina | |
Aegium | Achaea, Greece | Aigio (Αίγιο) | Egio, Egion |
Aenea | Chalcidice, northern Greece | abandoned | Ainea |
Aenus | Turkish Thrace | Enez | Poltyobria, Poltymbria |
Agrinion | Aetolia-Acarnania, 3 km south-west of modern Agrinio | abandoned | Agrinium |
Aigosthena | Attica | abandoned | Egosthena |
Akragas (Akragasta) | Sicily (Italio) | Agrigento | Agrigentum, Kerkent, Girgenti |
Akrai | Sicily | Palazzolo Acreide | Acrae |
Akrillai | Hyblaean Mountains, south-eastern Sicily | Chiaramonte Gulfi | Acrillae, Gulfi |
Akroinon | western Turkey | Afyonkarahisar | Hapanuwa, Nicopolis, Kara Hissar, Afyon, Karahisar-i Sahip, Afium-Kara-hissar, Afyon Karahisar |
Akrotiri (Ακρωτήρι) | Thera/Santorini, Greece | Akrotiri | |
Alalcomenae | Ithaca | abandoned | |
Alalia | Corsica | Aléria | Aleria, Alaliē (Ἀλαλίη) |
Alexándreia (Ἀλεξάνδρεια) | northern Egypt | Alexandria | al-Iskandariyya, Rakotə, Eskendereyya (اسكندريه) |
Alexandretta | southern Turkey | İskenderun | al-'İskandarūn (الإسكندرون) |
Alexandria Arachosia | southern Afghanistan | Qandahar | |
Alexandria Ariana | western Afghanistan | Herat | |
Alexandria Asiana | Iran | ||
Alexandria Bucephalous | Pakistan | Jhelum, or more likely Phalia | |
Alexandria in the Caucasus | near modern Bagram, Afghanistan | Kapisa | |
Alexandria Eschate | Fergana Valley | Khujand | Alexandria the Furthest, Khüjand, Khodzhent, Khudchand, Chodjend, Ispisar, Leninabad, Leninobod |
Alexandria on the Indus | at the confluence of the Indus and Chenab rivers, Pakistan, 13 km from modern Uch | abandoned | Uch, Uch Sharif, Alexandria at the Head of the Punjab |
Alexandria on the Oxus | near Kunduz, northern Afghanistan | abandoned | Ai-Khanoum, Ay Khanum, possibly Eucratidia |
Alexandria Troas | Troad region of Turkey | Alexandria of the Troad, Sigia, Antigonia Troas, | |
Alinda | near Karpuzlu, Turkey | abandoned | possibly Alexandria by the Latmos |
Amarynthos | Euboea, Greece | Amarynthos | Vathia (Médiéval name) |
Amaseia | Yeşilırmak River, northern Turkey | Amasya | Amáseia (Αμάσεια) |
Ambracia | Epirus | ||
Amida | banks of the River Tigris, south-eastern Turkey | Diyarbakır | Diyâr-ı Bekr, Amed, Āmîḏ (ܐܡܝܕ) |
Amisos | Black Sea coast, Turkey | Samsun | Amisus, Eis Amison, Samsunta, Samsus, Samson, Samsounta |
Amnisos | Crete, Greece | Phocis, Greece | |
Amphicaea | Boeotia, Greece | Amfikleia | Amphicleia |
Amphigeneia | Peloponnese, southern Greece | abandoned | |
Amphipolis | Central Macedonia, Greece | Amfipoli | |
Amphissa | Phocis, Greece | Amfissa | Salona |
Ankon (Ἀγκών) | Adriatic coast of central Italy | Ancona | |
Antigonea | Chaonia, southern Albania | abandoned | |
Antipatrea | Illyria, southern Albania | Berat | Beligrad |
Antioch on the Maeander | south western Turkey, near Kuyucak | abandoned | Antiochia on the Maeander, Antiochia ad Mæandrum, Pythopolis |
Antioch, Mygdonia | south eastern Turkey | Nusaybin | Soba, Nisibis |
Antioch on the Orontes | eastern side of the Orontes River, near modern Antakya, Turkey | Antiochia ad Orontem, Great Antioch, Syrian Antioch | |
Antioch, Pisidia | 1 km northeast of Yalvaç, Isparta Province, Turkey | Antiochia in Pisidia, Pisidian Antioch (Greek: Ἀντιόχεια τῆς Πισιδίας), Antiochia Caesareia, Antiochia Caesaria, Antiochia in Phrygia | |
Antiochia ad Taurum | near Gaziantep, Turkey | abandoned | Antiochia in the Taurus |
Andros | Cyclades, approximately 10 km (6.2 mi) south east of Euboea | ||
Apamea | on the Orontes River, about 55 km northwest of Hama, Syria | abandoned | Apameia (Απάμεια), Afamia (أفاميا or آفاميا) |
Apamea | near the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates, in Iraq | abandoned | Apameia (Απάμεια) |
Apamea | Sittacene, Iraq, surrounded by the Tigris | abandoned | Apameia (Απάμεια) |
Apamea | near Nahavand, Iran | abandoned | Apameia (Απάμεια) |
Apamea Myrlea | on the Sea of Marmara, south of Mudanya, Turkey | abandoned | Apamea Myrleon, Apameia Myrleanos, Brylleion, Myrlea (Μύρλεια), Murleia, Myrleia, Colonia Iulia Concordia, Apamena. |
Apamea | lake formed by the Birecik Dam, Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey | abandoned | Apameia (Απάμεια) |
Apamea | Phrygia, Turkey | Dinar | Apameia (Απάμεια), Kibotos (κιβωτός), hê Kibôtos, Cibotus |
Apamea Ragiana | Media, Iran | abandoned | Apamea Rhagiana, Apamea Raphiana, Apameia Rhagiane, Arsace, Khuvar, Choara |
Aphidnae | Attica, Greece, about 28 km north of Athens | Afidnes (Αφιδνές, Αφίδναι) | Afidnai |
Apollonia | Illyria, southernAlbania | abandoned | |
Apollonia | Mygdonia, northern Greece | abandoned | |
Apollonia | Pirgos Apollonias, northern Greece, opposite Thasos | abandoned | |
Apollonia | Chalcidice, northern Greece | abandoned | |
Apollonia | Aetolia, north western Greece | abandoned | |
Apollonia | Acte peninsular, northern Greece | abandoned | |
Apollonia | north coast of Crete, near Knossos | abandoned | |
Apollonia | south coast of Crete | abandoned | |
Apollonia | Sicily | possibly Pollina | |
Apollonia | Cyrenaica, Libya | abandoned | |
Apollonia | Mysia, western Turkey | abandoned | |
Apollonia ad Rhyndacum | Mysia, western Turkey | abandoned | |
Apollonia Pontica | Black Sea coast of Bulgaria | Sozopol | Antheia, Apollonia, Apollonia Magna |
Apsaros | Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Georgia | Gonio | Apsyrtos (Ἄψυρτος) |
Argos | Peloponnese, Greece | ||
Arsuf | 15 km north of Tel Aviv, Israel | abandoned | Arsur, Apollonia |
Artanes | on the Danube, north west Bulgaria | Lom | Almus, Lom Palanka |
Artemita | Babylonia, in the district of Apolloniatis (modern Iraq) | abandoned | Ἀρτεμίτα |
Argyroupoli | northern Turkey | Gümüşhane | |
Asine | Argolis, Greece | destroyed | |
Asine | Messenia, Greece | ||
Asine | Laconia, southern Greece | Skoutari | |
Asine | Cyprus | Asinou (Ασίνου) | |
Asklepios | northern Turkey | Iskilip | Iskila, Aesculapius, Andrapa, Andrapolis, Blocium, Bloacium, Neoclaudiopolis, Neopolis, İmad, Iskelib, İskelib, Direklibel |
Aspendos | Antalya, southern Turkey | abandoned | |
Assus | Çanakkale, Turkey | Behramkale | Assos |
Astacus | western Turkey | İzmit | Nicomedea, Olbia |
Athens | Attica, southern Greece | Athenai, Athena (Αθήνα) | |
Athmonia | 11 km (7 mi) north of Athens, Greece | abandoned | |
Aulon | Illyria, southern Albania | Vlore | Aulona, Vlona, Valona |
Aytos | eastern Bulgaria | Aitos | Aetos, Ajtos, Astos, Idos, Akvilia |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Baris | south western Turkey | Isparta | |
Bhrytos | Lebanon | Beirut | |
Borysthenes | Ukrainian Black Sea coast | Berezan Island | Berezan' |
Berge | Serres, Greece | Berge | Bergi |
Boura | Achaea, Greece | ||
Bouthroton (Βουθρωτόν) | southern Albania | abandoned | Butrint, Bouthrotios (Βουθρώτιος), Buthrotum |
Brauron | Attica, Greece | abandoned | Vravrona, Vravronas |
Byblos | Lebanon | Byblos | Byblos, Gubla, Gebal, Jbeil |
Byzantium | Bosphorus Strait, western Turkey | Istanbul | Constantinople, Byzantion |
Bythinion | western Turkey | Bolu | Vithinion (Βιθύνιον), Bithynium, Claudiopolis |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Callipolis | Canakkale, Hellespont | Gelibolu | Kallipolis, Gallipoli |
Calydon | Aetolia, Greece | ||
Caphyae | Arkadia, Greece | Chotoussa | Kaphyai |
Carystus | near modern Karystos, Euboea, Greece | ||
Cassandreia | Central Macedonia, Greece | Kassandreia | |
Cebrene | Troad region of Turkey | Kebrene, Kevrin, Alexandria (Greek: Αλεξάνδρεια), Antiochia in Troad (Greek: Αντιόχεια της Τρωάδας) | |
Celenderis | Ancient Cilicia | Aydıncık | Kalenderis, Kelenderis |
Chalcedon | opposite Byzantium, south of Scutari (modern Üsküdar) | Kadıköy | Chalkedon, Calchedon (Καλχήδων) |
Chalcis | Euboea, Greece | Chalkida, Halkida, Halkis, Chalkis | |
Chamaizi | Crete, Greece | [Chamaizi is later Turkish name; ancient name unknown] | [Hill is known locally as Souvloto Mouri, ancient Minoan site but possibly not a city] |
Chersonesos | near Sevastopol, Crimea | Korsun, Khersones, Chersonese, Chersonesos, Cherson | |
Chimaira | Chaonia, southern Albania | Himara, Himare | Cheimara, Cheimaera, Chimaera |
Chios | in the island with the same name, Greece | ||
Chytri | Cyprus | Kythrea | Chytroi (Χύτροι) |
Clazomenae | near İzmir, in Turkey | Kilizman | Clazomenae (Κλαζομεναί) |
Cleonae | Argolis, Greece | Archaies Kleones | Kontostavlos |
Cnidus | situated on Datça peninsula, southwestern Turkey | Tekir | Knidos (Κνίδος) |
Colosse | Phrygia, Asia Minor (modern Turkey) | abandoned | Κολλοσσαί, Colossae, Chonae, Kona |
Corcyra | Corfu island, Greece | Corfu | Κέρκυρα, Κόρκυρα, Corcyra, Corfu, Corfù, Kérkyra |
Corcyra Melaena | Korčula island, Dalmatia (part of modern Croatia) | Korčula | Κόρκυρα Μέλαινα, Kórkyra Mélaina, Corcyra Nigra |
Corcyra | Kirkuk Gοvernorate, Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) | Kirkuk | Kórkura, Kirkoúk |
Corinth | Corinthia | Corinth | |
Croton | Calabria, southern Italy | Crotone | Crotona, Cotrone |
Cyme | Aeolis, Turkey | Namurt | Kymi, Phriconis |
Cyrene | near Shahhat, Cyrenaica, Libya | abandoned | |
Cythera | Ionian Islands, Greece |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Decelea (Δεκέλεια) | Attica, Greece | Dekeleia, Dekelia, Deceleia, Decelia, Tatoi | |
Delos | Cyclades, Greece | Dhilos (Δήλος) | |
Delphi | Mount Parnassus, Greece | ||
Demetrias | Magnesia, northern Greece | abandoned | Dimitrias |
Dicaea | Chalcidice, northern Greece | abandoned | |
Dicaea | Thrace | abandoned | |
Dicaearchia | Campania, Italy | Pozzuoli | Pezzulo, Puteoli, Pozzuoli |
Didyma | western Turkey | Didim | |
Dion | Mount Olympus, Pieria, northern Greece | Dio (Δίο) | Dium |
Dioscurias | Black Sea coast of Abkhazia, Georgia | Sukhumi | |
Dodona | Epirus, Greece | abandoned | Dòdònè (Δωδώνη) |
Dorylaion | near Eskişehir, Turkey | abandoned | Dorylaeum |
Dyme | Achaea, Greece | abandoned |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Edessa | Pella, northern Greece | Voden, Vodine, Vodina, Vudena, Vodena | |
Edessa | Mesopotamia, southern Turkey | Şanlıurfa | Orrha, Orrhoa, Orhāy, Ourhoï, Urha, Ourha, Er Roha, Ar-Ruha, Orfa, Urfa, Ourfa, Sanli Urfa |
Elateia | Phocis, Greece | ||
Eleusis | Attica, Greece | ||
Eleutherna | 25 km southeast of Rethymno, Crete | Apollonia (Ἀπολλωνία) | |
Emporion | Catalonia, Spain | Empúries | Palaiapolis, Neapolis |
Ephesus | Ionia, western Turkey | Efes | |
Ephyra | Thesprotia, Greece | Kichyros - Κίχυρος | |
Epidamnos | coastal Albania | Durres | Epidamnos (Επίδαμνος), Dyrhacchion (Δυρράχιον), Dyrrachium, Drach, Drač (Драч), Dıraç. Durazzo |
Epidauros | Argolis, Greece | Epidavros | |
Eresos | Lesbos, Greece | Skala Eresou | |
Eretria | Euboea, Greece | Eretria | Nea Psara (1823-1960) |
Erythrae | Ionia, western Turkey | Ildiri | Erythrai (Ἐρυθραί), Litri |
Eubea | Sicily | Licodia Eubea |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Gangra | Çankırı, Turkey | Çankırı | Germanicopolis (Γερμανικόπολις), Germanopolis (Γερμανόπολις), Changra, Kandari, Kanghari |
Gaza | Palestinian Territories | Gaza | |
Gela | southern Sicily, Italy | Gela | Terranova di Sicilia |
Golgi | Cyprus | abandoned | Golgoi (Γόλγοι) |
Gonnos | Larissa regional unit, Greece | Gonnoi | Gonni (Γόννοι), Gonnus |
Gorgippia | Black Sea coast of Krasnodar Krai, Russia | Anapa (Ана́па) | Sinda |
Gournia | Crete, Greece | ||
Gortyn | Crete | destroyed | Gortyna (Γόρτυνα, Γόρτυς, or Γόρτυν) |
Gythium | Laconia, Greece | Gytheio | Gýtheion (Γύθειον), Gythio, Githio, Yithion |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Hagios Onouphrios | Crete, Greece | ||
Hagia Triada | Crete, Greece | Ayias Triadha | |
Halicarnassus | Caria, Turkey | Bodrum | Halikarnassós, Alikarnassós (Ἁλικαρνασσός), Halikarnas, Petronium (Πετρώνιον) |
Halieis | Porto Heli, Argolis | abandoned | |
Helike | Achaea, Greece | submerged | |
Heliopolis | Lebanon | Baalbek | Heliopolis, Baalbek, Ἡλιούπολις |
Hellespontos | Turkey | Dardanelles | |
Helorus | south-east coast of Sicily | abandoned | Heloros, Helorum, Elorus, Ἔλωρος, Ἕλωρος, Eloro |
Hēmeroskopeion | Province of Alicante, Spain | Dénia | Ἡμεροσκοπεῖον, Dianium |
Heraclea Perinthus | western Turkey | Marmara Ereğli | Heraclea Thraciae, Heraclea (Ἡράκλεια), Heraclea |
Heraclea | Lucania, Italy | abandoned | Anglona |
Heraclea | Dalmatian Coast, Hvar | Hvar | Heraclea, Heracleia, Heraclia |
Heraclea by Latmus | near Lake Bafa, Muğla Province, Turkey | Kapıkırı | Latmus, Λάτμος |
Heraclea Cybistra | near Ereğli, Turkey | abandoned | |
Heraclea Lyncestis | Pelagonia, near modern Bitola,North Macedonia | abandoned | Herakleia Lynkestis |
Heraclea Minoa | near Montallegro, south coast of Sicily | abandoned | Hêrakleia Minôia, Rhachlôtês, Heracliensis |
Heraclea Pontica | Bithynia, Turkey | Karadeniz Ereğli | |
Heraclea Sintica | Rupite, Bulgaria | abandoned | |
Heraclea Trachis | Central Greece, Greece | Heraclea | Trachis, Heraclea Trachinia |
Hermione | Peloponnese, Greece | Ermioni (Ερμιόνη) | |
Hermonassa | Taman peninsula, Krasnodar Krai, Russia | Tmutarakan (Тмутаракань) | |
Hierapetra | Southern Crete, Greece | ||
Hierapolis | Pamukkale, western Turkey | abandoned | Hierapolis (Ἱεράπολις) |
Himera | northern coast of Sicily | abandoned, site subsequently re-settled | Thermae, Therma, Thermae Himerenses |
Histria | Black Sea coast of Romania | abandoned | Istros (Ιστριη) |
Hubla Minor | Sicily, Italy | abandoned | |
Hubla Gereatis | southern slope of Mount Etna, Sicily | abandoned | |
Hubla Heraea | Hyblaean Mountains, south-eastern Sicily | Ragusa | Hibla, Heresium, Rogos, Rakkusa |
Hyele | Campania, Italy | Velia | Elea |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Ialysos | Rhodes | ||
Iasus | Caria, south-west Turkey | abandoned | Iassus (Iασoς, Iασσoς), Askem, Asýn Kalessi |
Idalium | Cyprus | Dali | Idalion (Ιδάλιον) |
Imbros | Greek island in northern Aegean Sea | Gökçeada | İmroz, Imvros (Ίμβρος) |
Iolcus | Thessaly, eastern Greece | Iolkos (Ιωλκός) | |
Issa | Vis, Croatia | Vis | Vis, Lissa, Issa (Ἴσσα) |
Itanos | North-eastern Crete | Erimopolis | |
Ithaca | island in the Ionian Sea | Ithaka, Ithaki, (Ιθάκη) |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Juktas | Crete, Greece |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Kaiete | Campania, Italy | Gaeta | Caiete, Caieta, Kaieta |
Kallipolis | Caria, south-western Turkey | ||
Kallipolis | Hellespont, north-western Turkey | Gelibolu | Gallipoli |
Kallipolis | Apulia, southern Italy | Gallipoli | Callipolis |
Kamares | Crete, Greece | ||
Kameiros | Rhodes, Greece | ||
Kannia | Crete, Greece | ||
Kamarina | south-eastern coast of Sicily | abandoned | Camarina, Kamerina |
Kasmenai | Hyblaean Mountains, south-eastern Sicily | abandoned (Buscemi) | Casmenae, Casmene, Kasmenai, Kasmene, Κασμέναι (Kasménai), Κασμένη (Kasménē) |
Katane | east coast of Sicily | Catania | Katánē (Κατάνη), Catăna, Catĭna, Balad-al-Fil, Medinat-al-Fil, Wadi Musa, Qataniyah |
Kerkinitida | Crimea, Ukraine | Yevpatoria | Eupatoria (Євпаторія, Евпатория), Kezlev, Kerkinitis, Gözleve |
Kepoi | Taman Peninsula, Krasnodar Krai, Russia | abandoned, submerged | Cepoi (Κήποι, Кепы) |
Kimmerikon | Kerch Peninsula, Crimea | abandoned | Cimmericum Crimea |
Kios | Sea of Marmara, Bithynia, north-western Turkey | abandoned | Cius-Kios (Kίος, Kείος), Keios, Prusa, Prusias, Prusias ad Mare |
Klazomenai | Ionia, Western Turkey | Urla | Clazomenae |
Knidos | Caria | ||
Knossos | Crete | abandoned | Knossus, Cnossus (Κνωσός) |
Kommos | Crete, Greece | Kommos is the modern name; ancient name unknown | Komos, Komo |
Korinthos | Korinthia, Greece | Archea Korinthos | |
Kos | island of the Dodecanese, off Bodrum | Cos (Κως), İstanköy, Coo, Stanchio | |
Kourion | Cyprus | Curium, Curias (Κούριον) | |
Kúmē | Campania, Italy | abandoned | |
Kydonia | Crete, Greece | Chania | Cydonia |
Kynos | Boeotia, Greece | Livanates | Cynus, Kunos |
Kyrenia | Cyprus | Girne |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Lamia | central Greece | Zetounion (Ζητούνιον), Zitouni (Ζητούνι), Zirtounion, Zitonion, Girton, El Cito | |
Lampsacus | Troad, Turkey | Lapseki | Lampsakos (Λάμψακος), Pityusa, Pityussa, Pituousa (Πιτυουσα), Pituoussa (Πιτυουσσα) |
Laodicea in Syria | Syrian coast | Latakia | Laodicea ad Mare, Latakiyah, Al-Ladhiqiyah, Laodikeia, Laodiceia, Lazkiye, Laodicea ad Mare |
Laodicea on the Lycus | Lydia, Turkey | destroyed | Diospolis, Rhoas, Claudiolaodicea, Laodicea ad Lycum, Laodiceia, Laodikeia |
Laodicea in Media | western Iran | Nahavand | Laodicea in Persis, Antiochia Nahavand, Nahāvand (نهاوند), Nahavend, Nahawand, Nehavand, Nihavand, Nehavend, Mah-Nahavand, Laodicea (Λαοδικεια), Ladhiqiyya, Laodiceia, Laodikeia, Laodicea in Media, Antiochia in Persis, Antiochia of Chosroes (Αντιόχεια του Χοσρόη), Antiochia in Media (Αντιόχεια της Μηδίας), Nemavand, Niphaunda |
Laodicea Combusta | Lycaonia, Turkey | abandoned | Laodicea Catacecaumene, Laodiceia, Laodikeia, Laodikeia Katakekaumenê, Claudiolaodicea |
Laodicea ad Libanum | Coele-Syria | abandoned | Laodiceia, Laodikeia, Cabrosa, Scabrosa, Cabiosa Laodiceia |
Laodicea | Arcadia, Greece | Laodiceia, Laodikeia | |
Laodicea Pontica | Pontus, north-eastern Turkey | Laodiceia and Laodikeia | |
Laodicea | Mesopotamia, Iraq | lost | Laodikeia, Laodiceia |
Laodicea in Phoenicia | Lebanon | Beirut | Laodicea in Canaan, Berytus |
Lapithos | Cyprus | Lapta | |
Larissa | Thessaly, Greece | Yenişehr-i Fenar, Lárisa | |
Larissa | Troad, Turkey | abandoned | |
Lato | Crete, Greece | ||
Laüs | Lucania, southern Italy | abandoned | Laus, Laos (Λᾶος) |
Lebena | Crete, Greece | ||
Lefkada | island in the Ionian Sea | ||
Lekhaion | Corinthia, Greece | ||
Leibethra | Central Macedonia, near modern Skotina, Greece | ||
Leontinoi | southeastern Sicily | Lentini | Lintini, Leontinoi, Leontini and Leontium |
Lepreum | Elis, Greece | abandoned | Lepreon, Lepreus |
Lessa | Epidauria, Greece | abandoned | |
Lilaea | Boeotia, Greece | Lilaea | |
Lindus | Rhodes | Lindos | |
Lissus | Crete, Greece | abandoned | |
Lychnidos | Southwestern Region, North Macedonia | Ohrid | |
Epizephyrian Locris | Calabria, southern Italy | destroyed | Locri |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Madytos | Eceabat (Town) | abandoned | Maitos, Madyta, |
Magnesia on the Maeander | Ionia, western Turkey, on the Maeander river | abandoned | Magnesia ad Maeandrum |
Magnesia ad Sipylum | Lydia, western Turkey | Manisa | Magnesia on the Sipylum |
Mallia | Crete, Greece | ||
Mantineia | Arcadia, Greece | abandoned | Mantinea, Antigonia (Αντιγόνεια) |
Marathon | Attica, Greece | Marathónas (Μαραθώνας), Marathōn (Μαραθών) | |
Marmara | Balıkesir, Western Turkey | Marmara | |
Maroneia | Maroneia, Eastern Thrace | Maroneia | Maronya |
Masis | Epidauria, Greece | Kranidi | |
Massalia | southern France | Marseille | Massilia |
Megalopolis | Arcadia, Greece | Sinanou (Σινάνο) | |
Megara | Attica, Greece | ||
Megara Hublaea | near Augusta, eastern Sicily | destroyed | |
Mesembria | Black Sea coast of Bulgaria | Nesebar | Menebria, Mesimvria (Μεσήμβρια), Mesimvria |
Messene | southern Greece | ||
Metapontum | Lucania, southern Italy | abandoned | Metapontium (Μεταπόντιον) |
Methana | Epidauria, Greece | Vathy | |
Methone | Central Macedonia, Greece | abandoned | |
Methone | Messenia, southern Greece | Mothoni (Μοθώνη), Modon | |
Methumna | Lesbos, in the Aegean Sea | Mithymna (Μήθυμνα), Molyvos, Molivos | |
Miletos | Aydin, Turkey, Balat | abandoned | Milētos, Millawanda, Milawata, Miletus, Milet |
Misenum | Campania, Italy | Miseno | |
Mochlos | Crete, Greece | ||
Monastiraki | Crete, Greece | abandoned | |
Morgantina | central Sicily | abandoned | Murgantia, Morgantium, Μοργάντιον, Μοργαντίνη, Murgentia, Morgentia |
Mulai | Sicily, Italy | Milazzo | |
Mukenai | north-eastern Argolis, near Mykines | abandoned | Mykēnē, Mykēnai |
Mylasa | Caria, south-western Turkey | Milas | |
Myndus | Caria, western Turkey | Gümüşlük | Myndos (Μύνδος) |
Myonia | Phocis, Greece | Agia Efthymia | Myania, Mynia |
Myra | Lycia, Turkey | Demre | Kale |
Myrmekion | Crimea, Ukraine | abandoned | Myrmēkion (Μυρμηκιων, Мирмекий) |
Mutilene | Lesbos, in the Aegean Sea | ||
Myos | Ionia, Anatolia | abandoned |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Nauplíos | Nafplio, Argolis | Nafpion | Nafpio, Nauplia, Navplion, Naupliē, Nauplia, Náfplion, Anáplion, Anáplia, Napoli di Romania, Mora Yenişehir, Anabolı, Yeni şehir, Náfplion |
Naucratis | Nile Delta, Egypt | Naukratis (Ναύκρατις) | |
Naupactus | Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece | Nafpaktos (Ναύπακτος, Έπαχτος), Naupactos, İnebahtı, Lepanto | |
Naxos | Crete | abandoned | |
Naxos | Sicily | Giardini Naxos | Giaddini |
Neapoli | northern Greece | Kavala | Christoupolis, Morunets |
Neapolis | Pallene, Chalcidice, Greece | Polychrono | Polyhrono, Polichrono, Polihrono (Πολύχρονο), Polyhronon, Polihronon |
Neapolis | Sardinia, Italy | abandoned | Nabui |
Neapolis | Apulia, Italy | Polignano a Mare | |
Neapolis | Campania, Italy | Naples | Napoli, Napule |
Nemea | Archaia Nemea, Argolis | abandoned | |
Nicaea | Bithynia, north-western Turkey | Iznik | Ancore, Helicore, Antigoneia (Αντιγόνεια), Nikaia, Nicæa |
Nicaea | southern France | Nice | Niça, Nissa, Nizza, Nizza Marittima |
Nicopolis | Epirus, Greece | abandoned | Actia Nicopolis, Palaia Preveza |
Nirou Hani | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
Nymphaion | Crimea, Ukraine | Nymphaeum | |
Nymphaion | Illyria, Albania | Nymphaeum | |
Nysa | western Turkey | abandoned |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Oenoe (Οινόη) | northern Turkey | Ünye | Oene |
Oenoe | Argolis, Greece | Oene | |
Oenoe | Attica, Greece | Oene | |
Oenus | Laconia, Greece | ||
Odessos | coastal Ukraine | Odesa | Khadjibey, Khadjibei, Khacdjibei, Hacıbey, Hocabey, Gadzhibei, Chadžibėjus, Hacıbey |
Odessos | coastal Bulgaria | Varna | |
Olbia | Sardinia | Civita, Terranova Pausania | |
Olbia | Ukrainian Black Sea coast | abandoned | Pontic Olbia, Olvia |
Olous | near Elounda, Crete | drowned | Olus (Ὄλους, Ὄλουλις) |
Olympia | Elis, Greece | abandoned | Olympí'a (Ολυμπία), Olýmpia (Ολύμπια), Olimpia, Olimbia |
Olynthus | Chalcidice, northern Greece | destroyed | |
Opus | Boeotia, Greece | Atalanti | Opous |
Orchomenus | Arcadia, Greece | Orchomenos near Levidi | Kalpaki (Médiéval name) |
Orchomenus | Boeotia, Greece | ||
Oricos | Illyria/Epirus, near Vlorë, Albania | abandoned | |
Orestias | Turkish Thrace | abandoned | |
Oreus | northern Euboea | ||
Oropus | Attica, Greece | Oropos (Ωρωπός) | |
Onchesmos | Epirus, southern Albania | Sarandë | Anchiasmos, Άγιοι Σαράντα, Agioi Saranda, Turkish: Aya Sarandi |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Pactye | Thracian Chersonesos, Turkey | abandoned | |
Pagasae | Magnesia, central Greece | Platanos, central Greece | |
Palaikastro | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
Pandosia | Epirus, Greece | abandoned | |
Pandosia | Bruttium, Italy | castellibero | castrofranco |
Pandosia | Lucania, Italy | abandoned | |
Panticapaeum | Taurica, eastern Crimea, Ukraine | Kerch | Παντικάπαιον |
Paphos | Cyprus | ||
Parium | Mysia, Hellespont | Kemer (Town) | Parion, Adrasteia, Adrastea |
Paros | Greek island in Aegean Sea | Paros | Plateia, Pactia, Demetrias, Strongyli, Hyria, Hyleessa, Minoa, Cabarnis |
Parthenope | Port of Neapolis, Campania | Naples | |
Patrae | Achaea, Greece | Patrai | Pátra (Πάτρα) Patrae |
Pavlopetri | Laconia, Greece | submerged | |
Pegai | Megaris, Greece | abandoned | |
Peiraieús | Attica, Greece | Piraeus | Peiraiás, Peiraieús (Πειραιεύς) |
Pella | Central Macedonia, Greece | abandoned | |
Percote | Asian Hellespont, Northeast of Troy | abandoned | Percope |
Perga | 15 km east of Antalya, Turkey | abandoned | |
Pergamum | Mysia, Turkey | Bergama | Pergamon (Πέργαμος) |
Petsofas | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
Phaistos | Crete, Greece | ||
Phálēron | Attica, Greece | Palaio Faliro | Phaleron, Phalerum |
Phanagoria | Cimmerian Bosporus, Ukraine | abandoned | Matrega |
Pharae | |||
Pharnacia | northern Turkey | Giresun | |
Pharos | Croatian island | Hvar | Hvor, For, Pharina, Lesina |
Phaselis | Lycia, Turkey | abandoned | |
Phasis | Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Georgia | Poti | |
Philippi | Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, near Kavala, Greece | Filippoi | |
Pithekussa | island in Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy | Ischia | |
Philippopolis | southern Bulgaria | Plovdiv | Pulpudeva(reconstructed Thracian,uncertain), Eumolpias, Philippoupoli, Philippoupolis (Φιλιππούπολη, Φιλιππούπολις), Trimontium, Paldin (Пълдин). Plavdiv (Плъвдив), Filibe |
Platanos | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
Phlius | Argolid, Greece | abandoned | |
Pherae | Thessaly, Greece | abandoned | |
Phocaea | western Turkey | Foça | Phokaia (Φώκαια) |
Phoenice | Chaonia, southern Albania | Finiq | |
Pinara | Lycia, Turkey | abandoned | Pilleñni (τὰ Πίναρα) |
Pisa | Elis, Greece | ||
Pitane | Çandarlı, Turkey | abandoned | |
Pitiunt | Abkhazia, Black Sea coast | Pitsunda | Bichvinta, Pezonda |
Pixous | Campania, Italy | Policastro Bussentino | Pixunte |
Plataea | Boeotia, Greece | destroyed | Plataeae |
Poseidonia | Campania, Italy | Paestum | Paestum |
Potidaea | Chalcidice, Greece | Nea Poteidaia | Potidaia (Ποτίδαια), Potidea |
Priapus | Canakkale, western Turkey | Karabiga | |
Priene | Ionia, western Turkey | abandoned | |
Prousa | north-western Turkey | Bursa | Prussa (Προύσα), Brusa |
Pseira | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
Psychro | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
Pteleum | Thessaly, Greece | destroyed | |
Pydna | Central Macedonia, Greece | Pydna | Púdna (Πύδνα) |
Pylos | western Peloponnese, Greece | Pílos (Πύλος), Navarino, Avarino (Αβαρίνος), Zonklon, Anavarin, Neokastron, Avarmus, Abarinus, Albarinos, Albaxinus, Avarinos, Coryphasium, Iverin, Nelea, Port de Jonc, Porto Giunco, Zunchio. | |
Pyrgos | Black Sea coast of Bulgaria | Burgas | |
Pyrgos | Northern Crete, Greece | Minoan city |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Rhamnus | northern Attica, Greece | abandoned | Rhamnous |
Rhegion (Ρήγιoν) | "toe of Italy", Calabria, southern Italy | Reggio Calabria | Erythrà (Ερυθρά), Rhegium Julium |
Rhithymna | Northern Crete, Greece | Rethymon | |
Rhode | Catalonia, Spain | Roses, Girona | |
Rhodes | Rhodes, Greece | Ródos (Ρόδος), | |
Rhypes, (Ῥύπες) | Achaia, Greece | destroyed | |
Rizinia | Crete | abandoned | Prinias, Rize, Rhizenia |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as | |
Salamis | Cyprus | abandoned | ||
Same (Σάμη) | island in the Ionian Sea, Greece | |||
Samos | in the island with the same name, Greece | |||
Scyllaeum | Calabria, Italy | Scilla | ||
Scolacium (Σκυλλήτιον) | near Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy | Squillace | ||
Selinus | south-west coast of Sicily, Italy | abandoned-Marinella di Selinunte | Selinunte | |
Seleucia Pieria (Σελεύκεια Πιερία) | south-eastern Turkey | Çevlik [1] | Seleukia Pieria, Seleukia | |
Semasus | Paphlagonia, northern Turkey | Amasra | Cromna, Amastris | |
Sestos | Eceabat, Turkey, North of Abydos | Sestus | ||
Scidrus (Σκίδρος) | Lucania, Italy | location uncertain | ||
Sicyon (Σικυών) | northern Peloponnese, Greece | abandoned | ||
Side | Pamphylia, Turkey | abandoned | Eski Adalia, Old Antalya | |
Sidon | Lebanon | Sidon | Σιδών, Sidon, Saïda | |
Siteia | Crete, Greece | |||
Sinope (Σινώπη) | Paphlagonia, northern Turkey | Sinop | ||
Siris | Central Macedonia, Greece | Serres | Serrai (Katharevousa), Serras (local dialect, archaic form), Sirra (Roman era and Theopompus), Serez or Siroz (in Turkish), Ser (in Serbian and Bulgarian), Syar (in Bulgarian) | |
Sklavokampos | Crete, Greece | |||
Smyrna | near İzmir, western Turkey | abandoned | Old Smyrna | |
Soli | Cyprus | abandoned | Soloi | |
Sozopolis | Pisidia, Turkey | abandoned | Apollonia | |
Sparta | southern part of the Peloponnese, Greece | Sparti | Lakedaimon (Λακεδαίμων), Lakedaimonia (Λακεδαιμωνία), Σπάρτα, Σπάρτη, Spartē. | |
Stagirus | Chalcidice, Greece | abandoned | Stageira (Στάγειρα), Stagira (Στάγιρα), Stagiros (Στάγιρος), Stageiros (Στάγειρος) | |
Stratos | Western Greece | Stratos | ||
Stymphalos | Corinthia, Greece | Stymfalia | ||
Sybaris | near Sibari, Gulf of Taranto, Italy | destroyed | ||
Syrakousai | east-coast of Sicily, Italy | Syracuse | Siracusai, Aretusa. |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Taras (Τάρᾱς) | southern Italy | Taranto | Tarentum, Tarantas (Τάραντας) |
Tanagra | Boeotia, Greece | Poimandria | |
Tanais | north-eastern Sea of Azov, Russia | Tánaïs (Τάναϊς) | |
Tauromenion (Ταυρομένιον) | east coast of Sicily | Taormina | Taurmina, Tauromenium |
Tegea | Arcadia, Greece | Alea | |
Temnos | Aeolis, Turkey | abandoned | |
Tenedos | Turkish island in northern Aegean Sea | Bozcaada | Bozca ada, Tenedhos (Τένεδος) |
Tenea | Corinthia, Peloponnese | Municipal unit of Tenea | |
Teos (Τέως) | Ionia, western Turkey | abandoned | Teo |
Termessos (Τερμησσός) | Ionia, western Turkey | abandoned | Termissós |
Thapsos | Sicily, Italy | abandoned | |
Thassos (Θάσος) | Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece | Thassos | Limenas, Λιμένας |
Thebes | Boeotia, Greece | Thēbai (Θῆβαι), Thiva (Θήβα) | |
Theodosia (Θεοδοσία) | Crimea, Ukraine | Feodosiya (Феодосія, Феодосия) | Kefe, Feodosia |
Therma | Mygdonia, Central Macedonia, Greece | Thessaloniki | Therme (Θέρμα, Θέρμη) |
Thespiae | Boeotia, Greece | abandoned | Thespiai (Θεσπιαι) |
Thronium | Illyria/Epirus, near Vlorë, Albania | abandoned | Thronium |
Thoricus | southern Attica, Greece | abandoned | Thorico |
Thurii (Θούριοι) | Magna Graecia, southern Italy | abandoned | Thurium (Θούριον), Copia, Copiae, Turios, Thurio Magna Graecia |
Thyreum | |||
Thyria | South of İzmir, Turkey | Tire | |
Tiruns | Argolis, Peloponnese | abandoned | |
Tithoraea | Boeotia, Greece | Kato Tithorea | |
Tomis | Black Sea coast of Romania | Constanţa | Konstantia, Köstence |
Toróne | Chalcidice, Greece | Toroni | |
Tragurion | Dalmatian coast, Croatia | Trogir | Traù, Tragurium, Trau |
Trapeze | Crete, Greece | ||
Trapezus, Arcadia | Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey | Trabzon | Trapezounta (Τραπεζούντα) |
Tripolis (Τρίπολις) | Lebanon | Tripoli | |
Tripolis (Τρίπολις) | Libya | Tripoli | |
Tripolis (Τρίπολις) | Pontus, north-eastern Turkey | Tirebolu | Ischopolis |
Tripolis (Τρίπολις) | Thessaly, Greece | Tripolis Larisaia | |
Tripolis (Τρίπολις) | Phrygia | abandoned | Neapolis, Apollonia, Antoninopolis |
Troizen (Τροιζήν) | northeastern Peloponnese, Greece | abandoned | Troizina, Trizina |
Troliton | Sicily, Italy | abandoned | |
Troy | Dardanelles, north-eastern Turkey | Truva | Troia (Τροία), Ilion (Ἴλιον), Īlium, Wilusa, Truwisa, Hisarlık |
Tylissos | Crete, Greece | ||
Tyras | Ukrainian Black Sea coast | Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi [2] | Cetatea Albă |
Tyros | Lebanon | Tyre | Τύρος, Tyre, Sur |
Tyritake (Τυριτάκη) | Crimea, Cimmerian Bosporus | abandoned |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Vasiliki | Minoan city in Crete, Greece | ||
Vathypetros | Minoan city in Crete, Greece |
Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
Zakynthos | Zante | ||
Zakros | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | Zakro |
Zankle | Strait of Messina, Sicily, Italy | Messina | Messene, Messana |
Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe, located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula. Greece shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Sea of Crete and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin, featuring thousands of islands. It has a population of nearly 10.3 million. Athens is the nation's capital and the largest city, followed by Thessaloniki and Patras.
The Seleucid Empire was a Greek power in West Asia during the Hellenistic period. It was founded in 312 BC by the Macedonian general Seleucus I Nicator, following the division of the Macedonian Empire founded by Alexander the Great, and ruled by the Seleucid dynasty until its annexation by the Roman Republic under Pompey in 63 BC.
The Greeks or Hellenes are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world.
Magna Graecia was the name given by the Romans to the Greek-speaking coastal areas of Southern Italy in the present-day Italian regions of Calabria, Apulia, Basilicata, Campania and Sicily; these regions were extensively populated by Greek settlers starting from the 8th century BC.
Ancient Greece was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories. Most of these regions were officially unified only once, for 13 years, under Alexander the Great's empire from 336 to 323 BC. In Western history, the era of classical antiquity was immediately followed by the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine period.
Polis, plural poleis, means ‘city’ in ancient Greek. The modern Greek word, πόλη (polē), which has descended from πόλις, is also translated by English "city," but the meaning is not the same.
The League of Corinth, also referred to as the Hellenic League, was a federation of Greek states created by Philip II in 338–337 BC. The League was created in order to unify Greek military forces under Macedonian leadership (hegemony) in their combined conquest of the Persian Achaemenid Empire.
Folegandros is a small Greek island in the Aegean Sea that, together with Sikinos, Ios, Anafi and Santorini, forms the southern part of the Cyclades. Its surface area is 32.216 square kilometres (12.439 sq mi) and it has 765 inhabitants. It has three small villages, Chora, Karavostasis, and Ano Meria, which are connected by a paved road. Folegandros is part of the Thira regional unit.
Kea, also known as Tzia and in antiquity Keos, is a Greek island in the Cyclades archipelago in the Aegean Sea. Kea is part of the Kea-Kythnos regional unit.
The Perioeci or Perioikoi were the second-tier citizens of the polis of Sparta until c. 200 BC. They lived in several dozen cities within Spartan territories, which were dependent on Sparta. The perioeci only had political rights in their own city, while the course of the Spartan state exclusively belonged to Spartan citizens, or Spartiates.
Macedonia is a geographic and former administrative region of Greece, in the southern Balkans. Macedonia is the largest and second-most-populous geographic region in Greece, with a population of 2.36 million. It is highly mountainous, with major urban centres such as Thessaloniki and Kavala being concentrated on its southern coastline. Together with Thrace, along with Thessaly and Epirus occasionally, it is part of Northern Greece. Greek Macedonia encompasses entirely the southern part of the wider region of Macedonia, making up 51% of the total area of that region. Additionally, it widely constitutes Greece's borders with three countries: Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia to the north, and Bulgaria to the northeast.
Argithea is a village and a historic municipality in the Karditsa regional unit of Greece. The seat of the municipality is in Anthiro. The name derives from ἀργός + θέα.
The official language of Greece is Greek, spoken by 99% of the population. In addition, a number of non-official, minority languages and some Greek dialects are spoken as well. The most common foreign languages learned by Greeks are English, German, French and Italian.
The Thessalian League was a koinon or loose confederacy of feudal-like poleis and tribes in ancient Thessaly, located in the Thessalian plain in Greece. The seat of the Thessalian League was Larissa.
Tricca or Trikka was a city and polis (city-state) of ancient Thessaly in the district Histiaeotis, standing upon the left bank of the Peneius, and near a small stream called Lethaeus. This city is said to have derived its name from Tricca, a daughter of Peneius. The modern city of Trikala extends over the ancient site.
The regions of ancient Greece were areas identified by the ancient Greeks as geographical sub-divisions of the Hellenic world. These regions are described in the works of ancient historians and geographers, and in the legends and myths of the ancient Greeks.
Iolcus is an ancient city, a modern village and a former municipality in Magnesia, Thessaly, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Volos, of which it is a municipal unit. It is located in central Magnesia, north of the Pagasitic Gulf. Its land area is 1.981 km². The municipal unit is divided into three communities, Agios Onoufrios, Anakasia and Ano Volos, with a total population of 2,138. The seat of the former municipality was the village of Ano Volos.
Ancient Greek literary sources claim that among the many deities worshipped by a typical Greek city-state, one consistently held unique status as founding patron and protector of the polis, its citizens, governance and territories, as evidenced by the city's founding myth, and by high levels of investment in the deity's temple and civic cult. The temple of the deity involved was usually founded on the highest ground (acropolis) within the city walls, or elsewhere within the central public assembly space, the agora. Conversely, a city's possession of a patron deity was thought to be a mark of the city's status as polis.