List of Ancient Greek temples

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The Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens, (174 BC-132 AD), with the Parthenon (447-432 BC) in the background Athens - Temple of Zeus 04.jpg
The Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens, (174 BC–132 AD), with the Parthenon (447–432 BC) in the background

This list of ancient Greek temples covers temples built by the Hellenic people from the 6th century BC until the 2nd century AD on mainland Greece and in Hellenic towns in the Aegean Islands, Asia Minor, Sicily and Italy ("Magna Graecia"), wherever there were Greek colonies, and the establishment of Greek culture. Ancient Greek architecture was of very regular form, the construction being post and lintel.

Contents

There are three clearly defined styles: the Doric order, found throughout Greece, Sicily and Italy; the Ionic order, from Asia Minor, with examples in Greece; and the more ornate Corinthian order, used initially only for interiors, becoming more widely used during the Hellenistic period from the 1st century BC onwards and used extensively by Roman architects.

Each ancient Greek temple was dedicated to a specific god within the pantheon and was used in part as a storehouse for votive offerings. Unlike a church, the interior space was not used as a meeting place, but held trophies and a large cult statue of the deity.

Overview

Most ancient Greek temples were rectangular and were approximately twice as long as they were wide, with some notable exceptions such as the enormous Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens with a length of nearly 2 1/2 times its width. A number of surviving temple-like structures are circular, and are referred to as tholos (Ancient Greek: "dome"). [1]

The smallest temples are less than 25 m (82 ft) in length, or in the case of the circular tholos, in diameter. The great majority of temples are between 30 and 60 m (100 and 200 ft) in length. A small group of Doric temples, including the Parthenon, are between 60–80 m (200–260 ft) in length. The largest temples, mainly Ionic and Corinthian, but including the Doric Temple of Olympian Zeus, Agrigento, were between 90 and 120 metres (approx. 300–390 feet) in length.

Terminology

Floor plans of ancient Greek temples
Top: 1. distyle in antis, 2. amphidistyle in antis, 3. tholos, 4. prostyle tetrastyle, 5. amphiprostyle tetrastyle,
Bottom: 6. dipteral octastyle, 7. peripteral hexastyle, 8. pseudoperipteral hexastyle, 9. pseudodipteral octastyle Greek temples.svg
Floor plans of ancient Greek temples
Top: 1. distyle in antis , 2. amphidistyle in antis, 3. tholos , 4. prostyle tetrastyle, 5. amphiprostyle tetrastyle,
Bottom: 6. dipteral octastyle, 7. peripteral hexastyle, 8. pseudoperipteral hexastyle, 9. pseudodipteral octastyle

The temple rises from a stepped base (stylobate) which elevates the structure above the ground on which it stands. Early examples, such as the Temple of Zeus, Olympia, have two steps but the majority, like the Parthenon, have three, with the exceptional example of the Temple of Apollo, Didyma, having six. [2] The core of the building is a masonry-built naos within which is a cella , a windowless room originally housing the statue of the god. The cella generally has a porch ( pronaos ) before it, and perhaps a second chamber (antenaos) serving as a treasury or repository for trophies and gifts. The chambers were lit by a single large doorway, fitted with a wrought iron grill. Some rooms appear to have been illuminated by skylights. [2]

On the stylobate, often completely surrounding the naos, stand rows of columns. Each temple is defined as being of a particular type, with two terms: one describing the number of columns across the entrance front using Greek numeral prefixes, and the other describing their distribution. [2]

Exact measurements are not available for all buildings. Some have foundations that are intact and have been well surveyed, for others the size can only be estimated from scant remains. There may also be differences between publications where measurements have been in feet or metres or converted between the two.

List

Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap

Sorting behaviour (by column):

  1. Towns' alphabetical order
  2. Towns by region - Greece, Turkey, Italy
  3. By the deity's name
  4. By date
  5. By area size
  6. By temple style (1-Doric, 2-Doric with Ionic or Corinthian elements, 3-Ionic, 4-Corinthian)
Ancient place nameModern place name
(country)
Coordinates
Temple
(dedication)
DateDimens.NotesImages
Corinth Corinth
(Greece)
37°54′57″N22°59′35″E / 37.91583°N 22.99305°E / 37.91583; 22.99305 (Temple of Isthmia, Corinth)
Temple of Isthmia
(Poseidon)
Archaic Temple at Isthmia, Greece.jpg
Corcyra
(Korkyra)
Corfu
(Greece)
39°36′13″N19°55′28″E / 39.6035°N 19.9245°E / 39.6035; 19.9245 (Temple of Hera, Mon Repos)
Temple of Hera
(Hera)
20140418 corfu179.JPG
Corcyra
(Korkyra)
Corfu
(Greece)
39°36′28″N19°55′04″E / 39.6077°N 19.917706°E / 39.6077; 19.917706 (Temple of Artemis, Corfu)
Temple of Artemis
(Artemis)
Doric "peripteral pseudodipteral" temple, [6] which may be the earliest known to incorporate all the major elements of the Doric order. [7] It is the earliest known Doric temple to have been built entirely in stone. [6] Full Medusa pediment at the Archaelogical museum of Corfu.jpg
Corcyra Corfu
(Greece)
39°36′05″N19°55′34″E / 39.601523°N 19.926100°E / 39.601523; 19.926100 (Kardaki Temple)
Kardaki Temple
(unknown)
Corfu Mon Repos Temple R04.jpg
Olympia Olympia
(Greece)
37°38′20″N21°37′47″E / 37.63877°N 21.62969°E / 37.63877; 21.62969 (Temple of Hera, Olympia)
Temple of Hera 20090725 olympia15.jpg
Corinth Corinth
(Greece)
37°54′22″N22°52′45″E / 37.90604°N 22.87916°E / 37.90604; 22.87916 (Temple of Apollo, Corinth)
Temple of Apollo Korinth BW 2017-10-10 10-55-28.jpg
Delphi Delphi
(Greece)
38°28′57″N22°30′05″E / 38.48241°N 22.50145°E / 38.48241; 22.50145 (Temple of Apollo, Delphi)
Temple of Apollo Delfi Apollons tempel.jpg
Aegina Aegina
(Greece)
37°45′16″N23°31′59″E / 37.75448°N 23.53306°E / 37.75448; 23.53306 (Temple of Aphaea, Aegina)
The Temple of Aphaea
(Aphaea)
Aegina - Temple of Aphaia 03.jpg
Olympia Olympia
(Greece)
37°38′16″N21°37′48″E / 37.63786°N 21.63010°E / 37.63786; 21.63010 (Temple of Zeus, Olympia)
Temple of Zeus Tempio di Zeus Olimpia April 2006.jpg
Athens Athens
(Greece)
37°58′06″N23°43′59″E / 37.96835°N 23.73305°E / 37.96835; 23.73305 (Temple on the Ilisos)
Temple on the Ilisos [note 1] Ilissos leftovers.JPG
Athens Athens
(Greece)
37°58′32″N23°43′17″E / 37.97556°N 23.72145°E / 37.97556; 23.72145 (Temple of Hephaestos, Athens)
Temple of Hephaestos View of Hephaisteion of Athens in 2008 2.jpg
Bassae Oichalia
(Greece)
37°25′47″N21°54′01″E / 37.42972°N 21.90028°E / 37.42972; 21.90028
Temple of Apollo Epicurius The Temple of Apollo Epikourios at Bassae, east colonnade, Arcadia, Greece (14087181020).jpg
Athens Athens
(Greece)
37°58′17″N23°43′36″E / 37.97146°N 23.72667°E / 37.97146; 23.72667 (Parthenon, Athens)
The Parthenon O Partenon de Atenas.jpg
Cape Sounion Cape Sounion
(Greece)
37°39′01″N24°01′28″E / 37.65023°N 24.02445°E / 37.65023; 24.02445
Temple of Poseidon Greece Cape Sounion BW 2017-10-09 10-12-43.jpg
Rhamnous Marathon
(Greece)
38°13′03″N24°01′37″E / 38.21760°N 24.02689°E / 38.21760; 24.02689
Temple of Nemesis
(Nemesis)
Ramnous001.JPG
Athens Athens
(Greece)
37°58′17″N23°43′31″E / 37.97152°N 23.72514°E / 37.97152; 23.72514 (Temple of Athena Nike, Athens)
Temple of Athena Nike Temple of Athena Nike from Propylaea, Acropolis, Athens, Greece.jpg
Athens Athens
(Greece)
37°58′19″N23°43′35″E / 37.97206°N 23.72652°E / 37.97206; 23.72652 (Erechtheion, Athens)
The Erechtheion Erechtheum Acropolis Athens.jpg
Capo Colonna Capo Colonna
(Italy)
Temple of Hera Lacinia
Capo Colonna2 retouched.png
Delphi Delphi
(Greece)
38°28′49″N22°30′29″E / 38.48036944°N 22.50796944°E / 38.48036944; 22.50796944 (The Tholos of Athena, Delphi)
Tholos of Delphi
(Athena)
Tholos Athena Pronaia.JPG
Epidauros Epidauros
(Greece)
37°35′55″N23°04′28″E / 37.59850°N 23.07433°E / 37.59850; 23.07433
Temple of Asclepius Epidauros Abaton 2008-09-11.jpg
Epidauros Epidauros
(Greece)
37°35′54″N23°04′26″E / 37.59835°N 23.07398°E / 37.59835; 23.07398
Tholos of Polycleitos 20100408 epidaure21.JPG
Olympia Olympia
(Greece)
37°38′19″N21°37′45″E / 37.63863°N 21.62916°E / 37.63863; 21.62916 (Philippeion, Olympia)
The Philippeion Olympia Philippeion 2010 4.jpg
Delos Delos
(Greece)
37°24′02″N25°16′01″E / 37.40058°N 25.26708°E / 37.40058; 25.26708
Delian Temple of Apollo Delos 3023.jpg
Syracuse Syracuse
(Italy)
37°03′50″N15°17′35″E / 37.06394°N 15.29297°E / 37.06394; 15.29297
Temple of Apollo 0417 - Siracusa - Tempio di Apollo - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto - 21-May-2008.jpg
Athens Athens
(Greece)
37°58′10″N23°43′59″E / 37.96934°N 23.73310°E / 37.96934; 23.73310
The Temple of Olympian Zeus Temple Of Olympian Zeus - Olympieion (retouched).jpg
Selinunte Castelvetrano
(Italy)
| 37°34′59″N12°49′31″E / 37.58316°N 12.82528°E / 37.58316; 12.82528
Selinunte Temple "C"
(Apollo)
Selinunte Temple C aerial view.jpg
Paestum Paestum
(Italy)
40°25′10″N15°00′19″E / 40.41932°N 15.00536°E / 40.41932; 15.00536
Temple of Hera I Paestum BW 2013-05-17 15-08-53.jpg
Selinunte Castelvetrano
(Italy)
37°35′12″N12°50′05″E / 37.58662°N 12.83480°E / 37.58662; 12.83480 (Temple of Hera, Selinunte)
Temple of Hera,
(Temple "E")
Sicily Selinunte Temple E (Hera).JPG
Selinunte Castelvetrano
(Italy)
37°35′14″N12°50′06″E / 37.58727°N 12.83492°E / 37.58727; 12.83492
Temple "F" Selinunte AF3.JPG
Selinunte Castelvetrano
(Italy)
37°35′17″N12°50′06″E / 37.58819°N 12.83491°E / 37.58819; 12.83491 (Great Temple of Apollo, Selinunte)
The Great Temple of Apollo, (Temple "G")
Paestum Paestum
(Italy)
40°25′28″N15°00′20″E / 40.42451°N 15.00545°E / 40.42451; 15.00545 (Temple of Athena, Paestum)
Temple of Athena Paestum BW 2013-05-17 13-58-28.jpg
Akragas Agrigento
(Italy)
37°17′27″N13°35′04″E / 37.29082°N 13.58441°E / 37.29082; 13.58441
Temple of the Olympian Zeus Agrigento-Tempio di Zeus Olimpico Atlas01.JPG
Syracuse Syracuse
(Italy)
37°03′35″N15°17′37″E / 37.05965°N 15.29354°E / 37.05965; 15.29354 (Temple of Athena, Syracuse)
Temple of Athena Lateral duomo.jpg
Akragas Agrigento
(Italy)
37°17′19″N13°36′00″E / 37.28860°N 13.60013°E / 37.28860; 13.60013 (Temple D)
Temple D Agrigent BW 2012-10-07 12-24-45.JPG
Paestum Paestum
(Italy)
40°25′12″N15°00′19″E / 40.41997°N 15.00530°E / 40.41997; 15.00530 (Temple of Poseidon, Paestum)
Second Temple of Hera ("Temple of Poseidon") Paestum Poseindontempel2.JPG
Akragas Agrigento
(Italy)
37°17′23″N13°35′31″E / 37.28963°N 13.59202°E / 37.28963; 13.59202
Temple of Concordia Temple of Concordia, Agrigento.jpg
Segesta Calatafimi-Segesta
(Italy)
37°56′29″N12°49′57″E / 37.94147°N 12.83239°E / 37.94147; 12.83239
Temple at Segesta Segesta BW 2012-10-10 17-18-06.jpg
Ephesus Selçuk
(Turkey)
37°56′59″N27°21′50″E / 37.94968°N 27.36381°E / 37.94968; 27.36381
The Archaic Temple of Artemis Ac artemisephesus.jpg
Samos Samos
(Greece)
37°40′19″N26°53′08″E / 37.67190°N 26.88556°E / 37.67190; 26.88556
Temple of Hera
(Hera)
Heraion antika fotter, Samos, Grekland.JPG
Ephesus Selçuk
(Turkey)
37°56′59″N27°21′50″E / 37.94968°N 27.36381°E / 37.94968; 27.36381
Temple of Artemis Miniaturk 009.jpg
a model of the lost temple, as viewed from the back
Priene Söke
(Turkey)
37°39′34″N27°17′47″E / 37.65932°N 27.29646°E / 37.65932; 27.29646
Temple of Athena Polias Temple of Athena at Priene.jpg
Sardis Sart
(Turkey)
38°28′45″N28°01′53″E / 38.47921°N 28.03128°E / 38.47921; 28.03128
Temple of Artemis–Cybele
(ArtemisCybele)
Artemistempel Sardes.jpg
Miletus Balat
(Turkey)
37°23′05″N27°15′23″E / 37.38486°N 27.25639°E / 37.38486; 27.25639
Temple of Apollo Didymaeus Milete sanctuaire d'Apollon.jpg
Teos Sığacık
(Turkey)
38°10′38″N26°47′06″E / 38.17723°N 26.78502°E / 38.17723; 26.78502
Temple of Dionysus Teos.jpg
Naxos Naxos

37°01′45″N25°25′53″E / 37.02911111°N 25.43127778°E / 37.02911111; 25.43127778

Temple of Sangri
(Demeter)
530 BCIonic Tempel der Demeter (Gyroulas) 18.jpg
Anthela Lamia Temple of Demeter Amphictyonis before 5th century BC
Gorneas [55] Garni
(Armenia)
40°06′45″N44°43′49″E / 40.112421°N 44.730277°E / 40.112421; 44.730277
Temple of Garni
Mithra (Mihr)
Garni Armenien msu-2018-3189.jpg
Alexandria Alexandria

(Egypt)

31°10′57.64″N29°53′45.54″E / 31.1826778°N 29.8959833°E / 31.1826778; 29.8959833

Temple of Serapis c. 246 BC – 221 BC [61] c. 13 m x 23 m (foundations) [61] According to numismatic evidence, the temple had Corinthian exterior columns (at least four across the front) and a Doric frieze. It was destroyed by a fire, reportedly in 181 AD, and replaced with a larger Roman temple. [61]

See also

Notes

  1. No photo exists

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Column</span> Structural element that transmits weight from above to below

A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. The term column applies especially to a large round support with a capital and a base or pedestal, which is made of stone, or appearing to be so. A small wooden or metal support is typically called a post. Supports with a rectangular or other non-round section are usually called piers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Classical order</span> Styles of classical architecture, recognizable by the type of column

An order in architecture is a certain assemblage of parts subject to uniform established proportions, regulated by the office that each part has to perform. Coming down to the present from Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman civilization, the architectural orders are the styles of classical architecture, each distinguished by its proportions and characteristic profiles and details, and most readily recognizable by the type of column employed. The three orders of architecture—the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian—originated in Greece. To these the Romans added, in practice if not in name, the Tuscan, which they made simpler than Doric, and the Composite, which was more ornamental than the Corinthian. The architectural order of a classical building is akin to the mode or key of classical music; the grammar or rhetoric of a written composition. It is established by certain modules like the intervals of music, and it raises certain expectations in an audience attuned to its language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parthenon</span> Temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece

The Parthenon is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, that was dedicated to the goddess Athena during the fifth century BC. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of classical Greek art, an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece, democracy and Western civilization.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corinthian order</span> Order of classical architecture

The Corinthian order is the last developed and most ornate of the three principal classical orders of Ancient Greek architecture and Roman architecture. The other two are the Doric order which was the earliest, followed by the Ionic order. In Ancient Greek architecture, the Corinthian order follows the Ionic in almost all respects other than the capitals of the columns, though this changed in Roman architecture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ancient Greek architecture</span> Era of architecture

Ancient Greek architecture came from the Greek-speaking people whose culture flourished on the Greek mainland, the Peloponnese, the Aegean Islands, and in colonies in Anatolia and Italy for a period from about 900 BC until the 1st century AD, with the earliest remaining architectural works dating from around 600 BC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Doric order</span> Order of classical architecture

The Doric order was one of the three orders of ancient Greek and later Roman architecture; the other two canonical orders were the Ionic and the Corinthian. The Doric is most easily recognized by the simple circular capitals at the top of columns. Originating in the western Doric region of Greece, it is the earliest and, in its essence, the simplest of the orders, though still with complex details in the entablature above.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ionic order</span> Order of classical architecture

The Ionic order is one of the three canonic orders of classical architecture, the other two being the Doric and the Corinthian. There are two lesser orders: the Tuscan, and the rich variant of Corinthian called the composite order. Of the three classical canonic orders, the Corinthian order has the narrowest columns, followed by the Ionic order, with the Doric order having the widest columns.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erechtheion</span> Ancient Greek temple

The Erechtheion or Temple of Athena Polias is an ancient Greek Ionic temple-telesterion on the north side of the Acropolis, Athens, which was primarily dedicated to the goddess Athena. The building, made to house the statue of Athena Polias, has in modern scholarship been called the Erechtheion in the belief that Pausanias' description of the Erechtheion applies to this building. However, whether the Erechtheion referred to by Pausanias is indeed the Ionic temple or an entirely different building has become a point of contention in recent decades.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Capital (architecture)</span> Upper part of a column

In architecture the capital or chapiter forms the topmost member of a column. It mediates between the column and the load thrusting down upon it, broadening the area of the column's supporting surface. The capital, projecting on each side as it rises to support the abacus, joins the usually square abacus and the usually circular shaft of the column. The capital may be convex, as in the Doric order; concave, as in the inverted bell of the Corinthian order; or scrolling out, as in the Ionic order. These form the three principal types on which all capitals in the classical tradition are based. The Composite order established in the 16th century on a hint from the Arch of Titus, adds Ionic volutes to Corinthian acanthus leaves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abacus (architecture)</span> Architecture term for a flat slab forming the uppermost part of a column

In architecture, an abacus is a flat slab forming the uppermost member or division of the capital of a column, above the bell. Its chief function is to provide a large supporting surface, tending to be wider than the capital, as an abutment to receive the weight of the arch or the architrave above. The diminutive of abacus, abaculus, is used to describe small mosaic tiles, also called abaciscus or tessera, used to create ornamental floors with detailed patterns of chequers or squares in a tessellated pavement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portico</span> Type of porch

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ancient Greek temple</span> Buildings housing cult statues in Greek sanctuaries

Greek temples were structures built to house deity statues within Greek sanctuaries in ancient Greek religion. The temple interiors did not serve as meeting places, since the sacrifices and rituals dedicated to the respective ouranic deity took place outside them, within the wider precinct of the sanctuary, which might be large. Temples were frequently used to store votive offerings. They are the most important and most widespread surviving building type in Greek architecture. In the Hellenistic kingdoms of Southwest Asia and of North Africa, buildings erected to fulfill the functions of a temple often continued to follow the local traditions. Even where a Greek influence is visible, such structures are not normally considered as Greek temples. This applies, for example, to the Graeco-Parthian and Bactrian temples, or to the Ptolemaic examples, which follow Egyptian tradition. Most Greek temples were oriented astronomically.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pythius of Priene</span> Greek architect of the 4th century BCE

Pythius, also known as Pytheos or Pythis, was a Greek architect, architecture theorist, and sculptor of the 4th century BC. He designed the Temple of Athena Polias at Priene and the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, which was regarded in antiquity among the Seven Wonders of the World. It is presumed that he came from the Greek city of Priene. The first-century BC Roman architect Vitruvius called Pythius a "celebrated builder" and referenced lost treatises on architecture written in Greek by Pythius as sources for his Latin architecture manual de Architectura (I.1.15).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bassae</span> UNESCO World Heritage Site in Oichalia, Greece

Bassae is an archaeological site in Oichalia, a municipality in the northeastern part of Messenia, Greece. In classical antiquity, it was part of Arcadia. Bassae lies near the village of Skliros, northeast of Figaleia, south of Andritsaina and west of Megalopolis. It is famous for the well-preserved mid- to late-5th century BC Temple of Apollo Epicurius.

This page is a glossary of architecture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Old Temple of Athena</span> Ancient temple on the Athenian Acropolis

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fluting (architecture)</span> Architectural practice of cutting grooves through an otherwise plain surface

Fluting in architecture and the decorative arts consists of shallow grooves running along a surface. The term typically refers to the curved grooves (flutes) running vertically on a column shaft or a pilaster, but is not restricted to those two applications. If the hollowing out of material meets in a point, the point is called an arris. If the raised ridge between two flutes appears flat, the ridge is a fillet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tholos (architecture)</span> Circular roofed building in classical architecture

A tholos, , in Latin tholus, is a form of building that was widely used in the classical world. It is a round structure with a circular wall and a roof, usually built upon a couple of steps, and often with a ring of columns supporting a conical or domed roof.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kardaki Temple</span> Archaic temple in Corfu, Greece

Kardaki Temple is an Archaic Doric temple in Corfu, Greece, built around 500 BC in the ancient city of Korkyra, in what is known today as the location Kardaki in the hill of Analipsi in Corfu. The temple features several architectural peculiarities that point to a Doric origin. The temple at Kardaki is unusual because it has no frieze, following perhaps architectural tendencies of Sicilian temples. It is considered to be the only Greek temple of Doric architecture that does not have a frieze. The spacing of the temple columns has been described as "abnormally wide". The temple also lacked both porch and adyton, and the lack of a triglyph and metope frieze may be indicative of Ionian influence. The temple at Kardaki is considered an important and to a certain degree mysterious topic on the subject of early ancient Greek architecture. Its association with the worship of Apollo or Poseidon has not been established.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Propylaia (Acropolis of Athens)</span> The gate of the Acropolis of Athens

The Propylaia is the classical Greek Doric building complex that functioned as the monumental ceremonial gateway to the Acropolis of Athens. Built between 437 and 432 BCE as a part of the Periklean Building Program, it was the last in a series of gatehouses built on the citadel. Its architect was Mnesikles, his only known building. It is evident from traces left on the extant building that the plan for the Propylaia evolved considerably during its construction, and that the project was ultimately abandoned in an unfinished state.

References

  1. Banister Fletcher (1963), pp. 107-9.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Banister Fletcher (1963).
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Banister Fletcher (1963), p. 112 (list of Doric temples, with dates).
  4. 1 2 3 Boardman et al. 1967, p. 33
  5. Briers, William R. 1996. The Archaeology of Greece 2nd Edition. New York: Cornell University, pages 132–3.
  6. 1 2 3 Darling, Janina K. (2004). Architecture of Greece. Westport CT: Greenwood. ISBN   0-313-32152-3.
  7. Cruickshank, Dan (2000). Architecture: 150 Masterpieces of Western Architecture . New York City: Watson-Guptill. ISBN   0-8230-0289-6.
  8. 1 2 Boardman et al. 1967, pp. 31–2
  9. Copplestone (1968), p. 45.
  10. "Delphi, Temple of Apollo". Perseus Digital Library. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  11. "Temple of Apollo at Delphi". Ancient Greece. org. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  12. https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/greekpast/4775.html#:~:text=The%20Temple%20of%20Aphaia%20on,157).
  13. Banister Fletcher (1963), pp. 115-9.
  14. Copplestone (1968), p. 48.
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