In architecture, functionalism is the principle that buildings should be designed based solely on their purpose and function. An international functionalist architecture movement emerged in the wake of World War I, as part of the wave of Modernism. Its ideas were largely inspired by a desire to build a new and better world for the people, as broadly and strongly expressed by the social and political movements of Europe after the extremely devastating world war. In this respect, functionalist architecture is often linked with the ideas of socialism and modern humanism.
The year 1937 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.
Vernacular architecture is building done outside any academic tradition, and without professional guidance. It is not a particular architectural movement or style, but rather a broad category, encompassing a wide range and variety of building types, with differing methods of construction, from around the world, both historical and extant and classical and modern. Vernacular architecture constitutes 95% of the world's built environment, as estimated in 1995 by Amos Rapoport, as measured against the small percentage of new buildings every year designed by architects and built by engineers.
Hallgrímskirkja is a Lutheran parish church in Reykjavík, Iceland. At 74.5 metres (244 ft) tall, it is the largest church in Iceland and among the tallest structures in the country. Known for its distinctively curved spire and side wings, it has been described as having become an important symbol for Iceland's national identity since its completion in 1986. The church is named after the Icelandic poet and cleric Hallgrímur Pétursson (1614–1674), author of the Passion Hymns.
The architecture of Norway has evolved in response to changing economic conditions, technological advances, demographic fluctuations and cultural shifts. While outside architectural influences are apparent in much of Norwegian architecture, they have often been adapted to meet Norwegian climatic conditions, including: harsh winters, high winds and, in coastal areas, salt spray.
Landakotskirkja, formally Basilika Krists konungs, is the sole cathedral of the Catholic Church in Iceland. Often referred to as Kristskirkja, Landakotskirkja is located in the western part of Reykjavík, Iceland's capital city.
Expressionist architecture was an architectural movement in Europe during the first decades of the 20th century in parallel with the expressionist visual and performing arts that especially developed and dominated in Germany. Brick Expressionism is a special variant of this movement in western and northern Germany, as well as in the Netherlands.
The National Gallery of Iceland is an art museum in Reykjavík which contains a collection of Icelandic art. The gallery features artwork of famous Icelandic artists and artwork that helps explain the traditional Icelandic culture.
Guðjón Samúelsson was a State Architect of Iceland, and the first Icelander to be educated in architecture. He's been described as one of Iceland's most influential architects. His notable designs include the main building of the University of Iceland, the National Theatre of Iceland, the Landakot Roman Catholic Cathedral in Reykjavík, and the Church of Akureyri. His final and most recognized work is the Hallgrímskirkja church, which was commissioned in 1937.
Icelandic turf houses are timber structures with turf walls and turf as a cover for the roof. Turf houses have been constructed since Iceland was settled in the 9th century. Turf houses were the product of a difficult climate, offering superior insulation compared to buildings solely made of wood or stone, and the relative difficulty in obtaining other construction materials in sufficient quantities.
National Park Service rustic – sometimes colloquially called Parkitecture – is a style of architecture that developed in the early and middle 20th century in the United States National Park Service (NPS) through its efforts to create buildings that harmonized with the natural environment. Since its founding in 1916, the NPS sought to design and build visitor facilities without visually interrupting the natural or historic surroundings. The early results were characterized by intensive use of hand labor and a rejection of the regularity and symmetry of the industrial world, reflecting connections with the Arts and Crafts movement and American Picturesque architecture.
Swiss chalet style is an architectural style of Late Historicism, originally inspired by rural chalets in Switzerland and the Alpine (mountainous) regions of Central Europe. The style refers to traditional building designs characterised by widely projecting roofs and facades richly decorated with wooden balconies and carved ornaments. It spread over Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France and Scandinavia during the Belle Époque era.
Australian residential architectural styles have evolved significantly over time, from the early days of structures made from relatively cheap and imported corrugated iron to more sophisticated styles borrowed from other countries, such as the California bungalow from the United States, the Georgian style from Europe and Northern America, and the Victorian style from the United Kingdom. A common feature of the Australian home is the use of fencing in front gardens, also common in both the United Kingdom and the United States.
The University of Iceland Main Building is the central building of the University of Iceland campus on Suðurgata in Reykjavík, Iceland. It was designed by Icelandic state architect Guðjón Samúelsson and its construction was completed in 1940. Today, the building is one of the more noticeable landmarks in Reykjavík.
Hallgrímskirkja, also known as Hallgrímskirkja í Saurbæ or Saurbæjarkirkja, is a church in Hvalfjarðarsveit, Iceland.
The major aspects of Medieval Scandinavian architecture are boathouses, religious buildings, and general buildings.
Högna Sigurðardóttir was a leading Icelandic architect. She was the first woman to design a house in Iceland. She spent most of her professional career in France.
Sundhöll Reykjavíkur, is the oldest purpose-built indoor swimming pool in Reykjavík. It was designed by the Icelandic architect Guðjón Samúelsson and opened in 1937 at Barónsstígur, close to the elementary school Austurbæjarskóli. Along with Austurbæjarskóli and Landspítali, it was one of the first buildings in Reykjavík that made use of geothermal water that the public utility Laugaveitan pumped via a 3 km long pipe from Laugardalur. Originally the building was supposed to be finished in 1930, but work stalled due to the Great Depression. The building's exterior is a minimalist white that is almost Art Deco in style with tall narrow rectangular windows. Inside arches on the south side of the pool and the tiled changing rooms are other notable features. The main pool is 25 by 10 metres and with a depth from 0.9 to 4 metres. There are also hot tubs, and Guðjón's Hallgrímskirkja can be seen from the sundeck.
The architecture of Aarhus comprises numerous architectural styles and works from the Middle Ages to present-day. Aarhus has a well-preserved medieval city center with the oldest dwellings dating back to the mid-1500s and some ecclesiastical structures such as St. Clemen's Cathedral and numerous smaller churches that can be traced back to the 1100s. The industrialization of the 19th and 20th centuries left distinctive industrial structures, important National romantic works and some of the best examples of Functionalist architecture in the country. The history of the city as a Viking fort is evidenced in the street layout of the Latin Quarter, the wider Indre By neighborhood testifies to its later role as a Market town and center of commerce while the Frederiksbjerg, Trøjborg and Marselisborg districts showcase the first cohesive urban planning efforts of the early 20th century.
Ágúst Pálsson was an Icelandic architect.
