Acroterion

"Akroterion" redirects here. For the journal, see Akroterion (journal).

Examples of acroteria

An acroterion, acroterium, (pl. akroteria) ^[1] is an architectural ornament placed on a flat pedestal called the acroter or plinth, and mounted at the apex or corner of the pediment of a building in the classical style. ^[2] An acroterion placed at the outer angles of the pediment is an acroterion angularium ( angulārium means ‘at the corners’).

The acroterion may take a wide variety of forms, such as a statue, tripod, disc, urn, palmette or some other sculpted feature. Acroteria are also found in Gothic architecture. ^[3] They are sometimes incorporated into furniture designs. ^[4]

Etymology

The word comes from the Greek akrōtḗrion (ἀκρωτήριον 'summit, extremity'), from the comparative form of the adjective ἄκρος, ("extreme", "endmost") + -τερος (comparative suffix) + -ιον (substantivizing neuter form of adjectival suffix -ιος). It was Latinized by the Romans as acroterium. ^[5] Acroteria is the plural of both the original Greek ^[6] and the Latin form. ^[7]

According to Webb, during the Hellenistic period the winged victory or Nike figure was considered to be "the most appropriate motif for figured akroteria.” ^[1]

Gallery

• 
  Ancient Greek marble acroterion in the form of Nike, Archaeological Museum of Samothrace, Samothrace, Greece
• 
  Ancient Greek acroterion of a Nereid on horseback, c.380 BC, marble, National Archaeological Museum, Athens
• 
  Ancient Greek akroterion, 350–325 BC, marble, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
• 
  Akroterion of the grave monument of Timotheos and Nikon, 350–325 BC, marble, Metropolitan Museum of Art
• 
  Ancient Greek acroteria from a temple of Artemis, 330-300 BC, marble, Archaeological Museum of Epidaurus, Epidaurus, Greece,
• 
  Ancient Greek acroteria of the Tomb III, Agios Athanasios, Greece, 325-300 BC
• 
  Simplified Ancient Greek acroteria of the pediment on an honorary decree, c.300-250 BC, bronze, National Archaeological Museum, Athens ^[8]
• 
  Romanesque acroterion of the Église Saints-Pierre-et-Paul de Rosheim, Rosheim, France, unknown sculptor or architect, c.1150
• 
  Renaissance acroteria of the Villa La Rotonda, outside Vicenza, Italy, designed by Andrea Palladio, 1566-1590s ^[9]
• 
  Neoclassical acroteria with mascarons on the Grave of Lupin-Roux family, Loyasse Cemetery, Lyon, sculpted by Pierre-Marie Prost, c.1830
• 
  Neoclassical acroteria of a window of the Großer Blumenberg, Leipzig, Germany, designed by Albert Geutebrück mid-19th century
• 
  Neoclassical pediment with acroteria of the Grave of Alexandrina Grejdanescu and Barbu Grejdanescu, Bellu Cemetery, Bucharest, Romania, unknown architect or sculptor, c.1871
• 
  Greek Revival sphinx acroterion of the Academy of Athens, designed by Theophil Hansen, 1885
• 
  Japanese acroterion, illustrations by Abel Guérineau, 1887
• 
  Beaux Arts acroterion of the Collège Franklin (Boulevard Louis-XIV no. 5), Lille, France, unknown architect or sculptor, c.1900
• 
  Beaux Arts acroterion above a window of Strada Grigore Cobălcescu no. 14, Bucharest, unknown architect or sculptor, c.1900
• 
  Beaux Arts acroterion above a window of Strada Bocșa no. 2, Bucharest, unknown architect or sculptor, c.1900
• 
  Art Nouveau acroterion of a stove in the Mița the Cyclist House (Strada Biserica Amzei no. 9), Bucharest, possibly designed by Nicolae C. Mihăescu, ^[10] 1908
• 
  Art Deco acroterion of the Dinicu Golescu Entrance of the Northern Railway Station, Bucharest, designed by Victor Gh. Ștephănescu, 1935 ^[11]
• 
  Postmodern acroterion of the Harold Washington Library, Chicago, by Hammond, Beeby & Babka, 1991 ^[12]
• 
  Postmodern acroteria on the pediment of the Children's Museum of Houston, Houston, US, by Robert Venturi, 1992 ^[13]
• 
  New Classical acroteria on the pediment of the Maitland Robinson Library, Downing College, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK, by Quinlan Terry, 1992

See also

• Antefix
• Finial
• List of classical architecture terms

References

1. Webb, Pamela A. (1996). Hellenistic Architectural Sculpture: Figural motifs in western Anatolia and the Aegean islands. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press. p. 26.
2. "Acroterian". Merriam Webster.
3. Harris, Cyril M. (1983). Illustrated Dictionary of Historic Architecture. Courier Corporation. p. 5. ISBN   9780486244440.
4. "acroterion - architecture".
5. "acroter" . Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press.(Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
6. McCarver (ed.). "Glossary of architectural terms". McArver Ancient History. Greek Architecture. Porter-Gaud School. Archived from the original on 8 September 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
7. Smith, Philip (1875). "Acroterium". In Thayer, Bill (ed.). A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. University of Chicago. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
8. Smith, David Michael (2017). Pocket Museum - Ancient Greece. Thames & Hudson. p. 235. ISBN   978-0-500-51958-5.
9. Hopkins, Owen (2022). Reading Architecture - A Visual Lexicon. Laurence King. p. 35. ISBN   978-1-52942-034-0.
10. Mariana Celac, Octavian Carabela and Marius Marcu-Lapadat (2017). Bucharest Architecture - an annotated guide. Ordinul Arhitecților din România. p. 85. ISBN   978-973-0-23884-6.
11. Mariana Celac, Octavian Carabela and Marius Marcu-Lapadat (2017). Bucharest Architecture - an annotated guide. Ordinul Arhitecților din România. p. 171. ISBN   978-973-0-23884-6.
12. Gura, Judith (2017). Postmodern Design Complete. Thames & Hudson. p. 77. ISBN   978-0-500-51914-1.
13. Eleanor Gibson. "Seven of Robert Venturi's best postmodern projects". dezeen.com. Retrieved 25 June 2023.

External links

• "Acroterion". Encyclopædia Britannica. article 9003592.