\n* [[Singidava]] (''[[Singidaua]]'')\n* [[Heraclea Sintica|Sintica]] of the [[Sintoi]] tribe\n* [[Skaripara]]\n* [[Skaskopara]]\n* [[Spinopara]]\n* [[Stratopara]]\n* [[Strupil]]\n* [[Subzupara]]A New Classical Dictionary of Greek And Roman Biography,Mythology And Geography V2,2006,{{ISBN|1-4286-4561-6}},page 196,\"Subzupara (now in Zarvi),a town in Thrace on the road from Phillipopolis to Hadrianopolis...\"\n* [[Sucidava]]",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"sfn","href":"./Template:Sfn"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Grumeza"},"2":{"wt":"2009"},"p":{"wt":"13"}},"i":39}},"(''[[Suvidava]]'',''[[Sukidaua]]''),located in [[Corabia]],Olt County,Romania\n* [[Susudava]],",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"sfn","href":"./Template:Sfn"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Grumeza"},"2":{"wt":"2009"},"p":{"wt":"13"}},"i":40}},"mentioned by Ptolemy as a thriving settlement\n* [[Sykidaba]]\n* [[Tamasidava]] (''[[Tamasidaua]]'')\n* [[Tarpodiza]]\n* [[Tapae]],a Dacian outpost guarding Sarmisegetuza and the site of two [[Battle of Tapae (disambiguation)|major battles]]between Dacians and Romans\n* [[Teichos]],residence of the [[Odryssae]]\n* [[Therma]] of the [[Mygdones]] tribe,modern [[Thessaloniki]]{{cite web|author=МечМидас|url=http://dictionary_of_ancient.academic.ru/2520/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F |title=Мигдония- это... ЧтотакоеМигдония? |publisher=Dictionary_of_ancient.academic.ru |date= |accessdate=2022-04-12}}{{cite web|url=http://www.istorypedia.com/23/204/1622008.html|title=МИГДОНИЯ- В. Д. Гладкий. Древниймир. Энциклопедическийсловарьв2-хтомах- История}}{{cite web |url=http://belomorie.eu/demi.php?order=dem&id=97 |title=Беломорие|access-date=31 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618171832/http://belomorie.eu/demi.php?order=dem&id=97 |archive-date=18 June 2015 |url-status=dead}}\n*[[Thermidava]],placed by Ptolemy on the [[Lissus (Illyria)|Lissus]]-[[Naissus]] route. The toponym is most probably a misreading of a settlement which most scholars in contemporary research locate near present-day [[Banat]],Serbia.{{cite book |last1=Lepper |first1=F. A. |title=Trajan's Column:A New Edition of the Cichorius Plates |date=1988 |publisher=Alan Sutton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3pvpAAAAMAAJ |page=138 |isbn=9780862994679 |quote=Stuart Jones noted the Dacian - sounding place - name ' Thermidava ' on the Lissus Naissus road:but see Miller col . 557,for the evidence on this. The place was most probably called ' Theranda ' and there is no evidence for any settlement there of pro-Roman Dacians now,nor is it very likely. (..) Most scholars,however,have supposed,as did Cichorius,that we are now north of the Danube,somewhere in the Banat area where the local inhabitants are frightened that they may lose their recently acquired 'liberty'.}}\n* [[Thynia]],town of the [[Thyni]]\n* [[Tibiscum]]\n* [[Tirista]] (''[[Tsirista]]''",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"sfn","href":"./Template:Sfn"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Grumeza"},"2":{"wt":"2009"},"p":{"wt":"13"}},"i":41}},")\n* [[Tranopara]]\n* [[Tranupara]]The Cambridge Ancient History,Volume 3,Part 1:The Prehistory of the Balkans,the Middle East and the Aegean World,Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC by John Boardman,I. E. S. Edwards,N. G. L. Hammond,and E. Sollberger,1982,page 876:\"... proper and the southern Danube borderland,e.g. in Bessapara,Keipenapa,Tranupara;of -dita 'fortified town',found only in Thracia proper;...\"\n* [[Tsgipera]]\n* [[Tsierna]] (''[[Dierna (castra)|Dierna]]''",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"sfn","href":"./Template:Sfn"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Grumeza"},"2":{"wt":"2009"},"p":{"wt":"13"}},"i":42}},")\n* [[Tyrida]]\n* [[Tyrodiza]]\n* [[Urdoviza]],modern [[Kiten,Burgas Province|Kiten]]\n* [[Utidava (city)|Utidava]] (''[[Utidaua]]'')\n* [[Zalcdaba]]\n* [[Zaldapa]]",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"sfn","href":"./Template:Sfn"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Grumeza"},"2":{"wt":"2009"},"p":{"wt":"14"}},"i":43}},"\n* [[Zargidava]] (''[[Zargidaua]]'')\n* [[Zburulus]]\n* [[Sarmicegetusa]]\n* [[Zeugma,Dacia|Zeugma]]\n* [[Zesutera]]\n* [[Zidava]]\n* [[Zikideva]]\n* [[Zimnicea]],",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"sfn","href":"./Template:Sfn"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Grumeza"},"2":{"wt":"2009"},"p":{"wt":"13"}},"i":44}},"site where [[Alexander the Great]] fought the Dacians\n* [[Ziridava]] (''Ziridaua''),identified archaeologically with Pecica,Arad,Romania ",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"sfn ","href":"./Template:Sfn"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Taylor "},"2":{"wt":"2001 "},"p":{"wt":"214"}},"i":45}},"\n* [[Zirmai]]\n* [[Zisnudeba]]\n* [[Zisnedeva]]",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"sfn","href":"./Template:Sfn"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Grumeza"},"2":{"wt":"2009"},"p":{"wt":"13"}},"i":46}},"(''[[Zisnudeva]]'',''[[Zisnudeba]]''),located in Dacian [[Moesia]]\n* [[Zucidaua]]\n* [[Zurobara]]\n* [[Zusidava (Dacia)|Zusidava]]\n",{"template":{"target":{"wt":"div col end","href":"./Template:Div_col_end"},"params":{},"i":47}}]}" id="mwYw">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}
Thermidava, placed by Ptolemy on the Lissus-Naissus route. The toponym is most probably a misreading of a settlement which most scholars in contemporary research locate near present-day Banat, Serbia.[30]
Mastira, mentioned by Demosthenes (341 BCE) in his "The Oration on the State of the Chersonesus". This town was unknown to the scholar Harpocration (100-200 CE), who suggests that instead of "Mastira" we should read "Bastira", a known Thracian town of that name.
↑ The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond , ISBN0-521-22717-8, 1992, page 612: "Thrace possessed only fortified areas and cities such as Cabassus would have been no more than large villages. In general the population lived in villages and hamlets..."
↑ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 888, "It was meant to be a polis but this was no reason to think that it was anything other than a native settlement."
1 2 The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 by Christopher Webber, ISBN1-84176-329-2, 2001, page 1, "...the city of Seuthopolis seems to be the only significant town in Thrace not built by Greeks..."
↑ The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, ISBN0-521-22717-8, 1992, page 612: "According to Strabo (vii.6.1cf.st.Byz.446.15) the Thracian -bria word meant polis but it is an inaccurate translation."
↑ Peregrine, Peter N.; Ember, Melvin (2001). Encyclopedia of Prehistory. 4: Europe. Springer. ISBN978-0-306-46258-0.
↑ Polomé, Edgar Charles (1982). "20e". In Boardman, John. Balkan Languages (Illyrian, Thracian and Daco-Moesian). The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 3, Part 1: The Prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C. (2nd ed.). London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-22496-3.
↑ A History of the Byzantine State and Society by Warren Treadgold, 1997, page 419: "...Internal Reforms, 780-842 419 army, refounding Thracian Beroea under the name of Irenopolis, and reaching Philippopolis..."
↑ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 856, "A thracian settlement"
↑ History of Rome, VII, Books 26-27 (Loeb Classical Library No. 367) by Livy and Frank Gardner Moore, 1943, page 96: "... waste the country and to besiege the city of Iamphorynna, the capital and citadel of Maedica..."
↑ The History of Rome, Volume 4 by Theodor Mommsen, 2009, page 53: "... defeated the Bessi in their mountains, took their capital Uscudama (Adrianople), and compelled them to submit to the Roman supremacy."
1 2 An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 465: "Megara was principal or sole founder of...Kalchedo...Selymbria...Byzantion...Astakos...Herakleia pontike and possible Olbia..."
↑ A New Classical Dictionary of Greek And Roman Biography, Mythology And Geography V2, 2006, ISBN1-4286-4561-6, page 196, "Subzupara (now in Zarvi), a town in Thrace on the road from Phillipopolis to Hadrianopolis..."
↑ Lepper, F. A. (1988). Trajan's Column: A New Edition of the Cichorius Plates. Alan Sutton. p.138. ISBN9780862994679. Stuart Jones noted the Dacian - sounding place - name ' Thermidava ' on the Lissus Naissus road: but see Miller col . 557, for the evidence on this. The place was most probably called ' Theranda ' and there is no evidence for any settlement there of pro-Roman Dacians now, nor is it very likely. (..) Most scholars, however, have supposed, as did Cichorius, that we are now north of the Danube, somewhere in the Banat area where the local inhabitants are frightened that they may lose their recently acquired 'liberty'.
↑ The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 1: The Prehistory of the Balkans, the Middle East and the Aegean World, Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L. Hammond, and E. Sollberger,1982, page 876: "... proper and the southern Danube borderland, e.g. in Bessapara, Keipenapa, Tranupara; of -dita 'fortified town', found only in Thracia proper; ..."
1 2 3 4 5 An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 856
1 2 An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 855: "The Thasians... they founded Krenides and Daton"
↑ Hatzfeld, Jean. History of Ancient Greece (trans. by Andre Aymard, 1968, W.W. Norton & Co., New York), pp. 34–35.
1 2 An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 782, "The Thasians are said to have colonised the Hedonian city of Myrkinos, Galepsos and Oisyme..."
1 2 3 4 5 An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 857
↑ Readings in Greek History: Sources and Interpretations by D. Brendan Nagle and Stanley M. Burstein, 2006, page 232: A GREEK TRADING POST IN THRACE"... Maronea, Apollonia, and Thasos living in the trading post of Pistiros."
↑ The Histories, by Herodotus, Carolyn Dewald, and Robin Waterfield, 2008, page 442: "... bed of the Lisus, Xerxes passed the Greek towns of Maronea, Dicaea, and Abdera. His route also took him past a..."
↑ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 870: "Colonists from Mytilene and Kyme founded Ainos"
1 2 The Histories by Herodotus, Carolyn Dewald, and Robin Waterfield, 2008, page 442: "... bed of the Lisus, Xerxes passed the Greek towns of Maronea, Dicaea, and Abdera. His route also took him past a ..."
↑ Back Matter: "... sites identified solely by coins' location site Thessaly, Atrax, Kieron, Larissa, Thrace, Ainos, Bizye, Byzantium, Deultum, Maroneia, Mesembra, Pantalia..."
↑ Hammond Concise Atlas of World History by Geoffrey Barraclough, 2001, Index, "Mesembria/Greek Colony"
↑ The Histories, by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, 2003, page 451: "... most westerly of which is Mesembria; the next place is Stryme, a town belonging to the Thasians. ..."
↑ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 892
↑ Women and slaves in Greco-Roman culture: differential equations, by Sandra Rae Joshel, Sheila Murnaghan, 1998, page 214: "Philip II founded cities at Beroe, Kabyle, and Philippopolis in 342/1, and Aegean-style urban life began to penetrate Thrace."
↑ Late Roman villas in the Danube-Balkan region, by Lynda Mulvin, 2002, page 19: "Other roads went through Beroe (founded by Philip II of Macedon)"
↑ Philip of Macedon, by Louïza D. Loukopoulou, 1980, page 98: "Upriver in the valley between the Rhodope and Haimos Philip founded Beroe (Stara Zagora) and Philippolis (Plovdiv)."
↑ From Mycenae to Constantinople: Major Cities of the Greek and Roman World, by Richa Tomlinson, 1992, page 8: "...this means, a Macedonian city established in a non-Macedonian area (Philippopolis in Thrace, for example) becomes a means of establishing a..."
↑ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 895: "The emporion of Pistiros was an inland trading station originally founded by merchants coming from the polis of Pistiros a dependency of Thasos situated piston the Thracian coast"
↑ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 903: "Aigos potamoi is called a deserted polichne by Strabo and a polis by Steph.Byz."
1 2 An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 636: "In the archaic period Athens colonised Sigeion, Elaious, Chersonesus, Paktye, Sestus, Kardia..."
↑ The Penguin Historical atlas of Ancient Greece by Robert Morkot, page 48
↑ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 910: "Sestos was colonised by Lesbians"
↑ Ancient Greek Colonies in the Black Sea 2, Dēmētrios V. Grammenos, ISBN1-4073-0110-1, 2007, page 1182
↑ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 914: "Bisanthe was a colony founded by the Samians"
↑ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 918
↑ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 913
↑ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 919: "Heraion Teichos was a colony of Samos"
↑ a town near Perinthus, Xerxes' commissariat there: Hdt. 7.25
↑ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 912: "The European coast of Propontis was settled by Megarians and Samians.By 480 four colonies are recorded; viz from the east to the west, Megarian Byzantion and Selymbria and Samian Perinthos and Bisanthe along with two smaller and presumably dependant settlements, Tyrodiza and Heraion."
↑ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 934: "Kallatis was colonized by Herakleia"
↑ A Companion to Archaic Greece, by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees, 2009, page 337: "... On the western shore, Odessos was founded by the Milesians, and the expansion of existing Greek cities in the western ..."
↑ Katičic', Radoslav. Ancient Languages of the Balkans, Part One. Paris: Mouton, 1976: 147
↑ The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 6: The Fourth Century BC, by D. M. Lewis, page 469: "Philip's new foundation at Heracle Sintica"
↑ The Greek Wars: The Failure of Persia, by George Cawkwell, 2006, page 58: "... 'The lands beyond the sea' Persian city, Boryza' on the Black Sea coast (FGH t Fí66) but that ..."
↑ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 891, "Note that the only one which is explicitly called a polis by Hekataios is Boryza (fr.166) and here we learn that it is a polis inhabited by Persians i.e not by Greeks or Thracians."
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References
Grumeza, Ion (2009). Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe. Hamilton Books. ISBN978-0-7618-4465-5. The shores of the Danube were well monitored from the Dacian fortresses Acidava, Buricodava, Dausadava (the shrine of the wolves), Diacum, Drobeta (Turnu Severin), Nentivava (Oltenia), Suvidava (Corabia), Tsirista, Tierna/Dierna (Orsova) and what is today Zimnicea. Downstream were also other fortresses: Axiopolis (Cernadova), Barbosi, Buteridava, Capidava(Topalu), Carsium(Harsova), Durostorum(Silistra), Sacidava/Sagadava (Dunareni) along with still others...[bettersourceneeded]
1 Dacian kingdoms succeeding Burebista's state and preceding Decebalus' state
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