List of Dacian names

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Dacians were among the inhabitants of Eastern Europe before and during the Roman Empire. Many hundreds of personal names and placenames are known from ancient sources, and they throw light on Dacian and the extent to which it differed from Thracian.

Contents

Anthroponyms

Around 1150 Dacian anthroponyms (personal names) and 900 toponyms (placenames) have been preserved in ancient sources. [1] [2] As far as the onomastic (proper names) of Dacians and Thracians is concerned, opinions are divided. According to Crossland (1982), the evidence of names from the Dacian, Mysian and Thracian area seems to indicate divergence of a 'Thraco-Dacian' language into northern and southern groups of dialects, but not so different as to rank Thracian and Dacian as separate languages, There were also the development of special tendencies in word formation and of certain secondary phonetic features in each group. [3] Mateescu (1923), Rosetti (1978) sustain that Thracian onomastic include elements that are common to Geto-Dacians and Bessians (a Thracian tribe). [4] A part of researchers support that onomastically, Dacians are not different from the other Thracians in Roman Dacia's inscriptions. [5] But recently, D. Dana basing himself on new onomastic material recorded in Egyptian ostraka suggested criteria which would make possible to distinguish between closely related Thracian and Dacian-Moesian names and singled out certain specific elements for the latter. [6]

In Georgiev's opinion (1960; 1977) Dacian placenames and personal names are "completely different" from their Thracian counterparts. [7]

Several Dacian names have also been identified with ostracons of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt, [8] i.e. Dadas and Dadazi, [9] Zoutoula, [10] Dotos and Dotouzi, [11] Dieri and Diernais, [10] Diengis, [10] Dida(s), [10] Blaikisa, [12] Blegissa, [12] Diourdanos, [12] Thiadicem, [12] Avizina, [12] Dourpokis, [12] Kaigiza, [13] Dardiolai, [14] Denzibalos (see also Dacian king name Deki-balos), [14] Denzi-balus (attested in Britain), [14] Pouridour, [15] Thiaper and Tiatitis, [16] Dekinais, [14] *Rolouzis, [16] (See Ostraca from Krokodilo and Didymoi)

A

Dacian namePossible etymologyAttestationNotes
AvizinaOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [12] Probably related to Vezina.

B

Dacian namePossible etymologyAttestationNotes
BastizaName frequently found at Mons Claudianus i.e. two persons have this name on a list of Dacian names, but this name is also the patronyme of the soldier named Diernaios. [17] The name ‘'bast'’ is found in Thrace (cf. Decev) but never as Bastiza. [17]
Bikili(s)Decebal's friend (Dio Cassius) [18]
BlegissaOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [12]
BlaesusChild of a soldier of cohors I Aelia Dacorum [19]
BlaikisaOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [12]
BrasusInscription at Apulum [20] that reads: Mucatra, son of Brasus, had a son and heir Mucapor Mucatralis [21] According to Mommsen (1887), the name is formed by the compounds with –poris i.e. Mucaporis appear as Thracian and as Dacian in numerous cases [22]
Burebista "Possessor of so much" cf Sanskrit bhuri "plenty, so much" and cf Ancient Iranian victa "possessor", [23] [24] King of Dacians (Strabo, [25] Jordanes and Decree of Dionysopolis)See also: Buri, Buridavense, Buridava, Buricodava. See also Ariovistus.

C

Dacian namePossible etymologyAttestationNotes
Charnabon King of the Getae (Sophocles's Triptolemos)
Comosicus Dacian High Priest and King who lived in the 1st century BC (Jordanes [26] )
Cothelas, GudilaKing of the Getae in the 4th century BC
Cotiso Cotiso 'loved' [27] King of the Dacians in the 1st century BC [27] Tomaschek compared this name with the name Cotela of a Getian prince and with the name Cotys, name of several Odrysian and Sapaean (Thracian) princes. Also, he compared with the name Kotys, the Thracian goddess worshipped by the Edonians, a tribe that lived around Pangaion Mountain. He sees here again, the letter "o" as an obscured indistinct, pronunciation of "a". Therefore, he compared Cotiso with the Bactrian Kata "loved". [27]

D

Dacian namePossible etymologyAttestationNotes
DablosaHe is attested at Mons Claudianus(O. Claud. II 402 and 403). [9]
DadasOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [9]
DadaziOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [9]
DaizusThraco-Getian name Daizus Comozoi, interfectus a Castabocis.[ citation needed ] Daizus Comozoi is a "Royal" Dacian name found also with Thracians from south of the Danube.[ citation needed ]
DamanaisDamanais attested at Mons Claudianus as the father of the Dacian soldier Dida from Krokodilo. [14]
Dapyx Dacian king. [27]
DanilloRoman Legionnaire
Dardanos'Darda-‘ appears as both Daco-Mysian and Thracian. [28]
DardiolaiOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [14]
Decaeneus "The one who knows" (dak, dek cf. Sanskrit dasa) or "The Dacian" [24] High priest and king of Dacians (Strabo, [29] Dio Cassius, Jordanes)
DecibalusChild of a soldier of cohors I Aelia Dacorum [19]
Decebalus Dacian word balas /balos is from PIE *bel 'strong, power' cf. Sanskrit bala "force" [30] and Dece from PIE *dek 'to take, to honor' [31]

Also, it had been suggested Decebalus means "The force of the Dacians" [24]

King of Dacians (Dio Cassius)Originally named Diurpaneus, after his victory against Romans he was called Decebalus ("The brave one") [32]

Many interpretations are possible for the PIE root *dek that is found also with the name Decaeneus [33]

DenzibalosOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [14]
DenzibalusAttested in Britannia [14]
DekinaisOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [14]
Dicomes king of Dacians [27]
DidaAelius Dida - Dacian centurion of cohors I Aelia Dacorum stationed in Britannia. [19]
Dida(s)Dacian soldier from Krokodilo. [14]
Diegis Diegis / Degis from *dhegh ‘to burn' [34] Dacian [27]
DiengisOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [10]
DieriOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [10]
DiernaisOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [10]
DiourdanosOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [12]
Diurpaneus "admired from distance" cf. Sanskrit durepanya [33] [24] Name of the king of Dacians (Dio Cassius) He was renamed to Decebalus after victory over Romans.It is a "Royal" Dacian name found also with Thracians from south of the Danube i.e. Dorpanas (IGB, II, 771) and Dyrpanais (Olbia).[ citation needed ]
DourpokisOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [12]
DotosOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [11]
DotouziOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [11]
DrilgisaWith the inscription CIL VI 1801 as Natopor's brother at Rome. [9] Note also the following names: Drigissa in Superior Moesia and Dia-giza, slave at Rome, CIL XV 2445. [9]
Dromichaetes, DromichaetaName of the king of Getae [27] It appears this is a Hellenised form [27]
DuccidavaDaughter of a Dacian soldier mentioned in a Roman military diploma issued in 127 in Mauretania Caesariensis [35]
Duras King of the Dacians between 69 AD - 87 AD (Jordanes)

K

Dacian namePossible etymologyAttestationNotes
KaigizaOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [12]
KomakizaKoma-kiza / Koma-kissa is a name attested at Didymoi. [9] The endings term correspond to the Dacian king name Komosicus. [9]
KomozoiFather of Daizus.[ citation needed ] Daizus Comozoi is a "Royal" Dacian name found also with Thracians from south of the Danube.[ citation needed ]

M

Dacian namePossible etymologyAttestationNotes
MoskonInscription on silver coins about a 3rd-century BC getic king
MucaporInscription at Apulum [20] that reads: Mucatra, son of Brasus, had a son and heir Mucapor Mucatralis [21] These names are Thracians and Dacians (as Mucapor is attested as Dacian and as Thracian name). [22] The names containing Muca- are found in Thracian but also in the proper Geto-Dacian names [36]
MucatraInscription at Apulum [20] that reads: Mucatra, son of Brasus, had a son and heir Mucapor Mucatralis. [21] These names are probably Thracian, not Dacian, as Mucapor is attested as an ethnic Thracian name (see refs above).[ citation needed ] [22]

N

Dacian namePossible etymologyAttestationNotes
Natoporus cf. Sanskrit nata 'bent', de nam 'bend' and cf. Nath 'lean, rely', 'seek for help' [37] Dacian name of a prince from a Dacian royal family of the tribe of the Costoboci on a Roman inscription (II No. 1801) [37] [38] See also Dacian Natu-spardo (attested with Ammianus) [37]

NOTE: some scholars consider this a Thracian name.[ citation needed ]

O

Dacian namePossible etymologyAttestationNotes
Oroles, OrolaFrom ar-, or- 'eagle, big bird' [34] Name of a Dacian prince (Justin) [39]

P

Dacian namePossible etymologyAttestationNotes
Petoporus, PetiporName of a Dacian prince [39]
PieporusThe first element Pie is analogue by initial and vocalism with the name Pie-figoi of a Dacian tribe mentioned by Ptolemy. [39]

The second element -porus is often met with Dacian and also with Bithynian (a Thracian tribe) names. Tomaschek explained it by the root *par 'replenish, nourish' or as *pa-la 'king' [39]

Name of a king of the Costoboci (inscription C.1 Rom. VI, No. 1801). [39] [38] NOTE: Linguists Georgiev and Ivan Duridanov consider this a Thracian name; second element -por (variations: -puri, -pyra-s, -poris, -pouris) comparable to Latin puer 'son, child'. [40] [41]
PouridourOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [15]

R

Dacian namePossible etymologyAttestationNotes
RescuturmeThe Dacian name Rescuturme can be related to the Aryan word rai "splendor, wealth" and raevant, revant "brilliant", if "-sk" is part of a derivation. [42] Name of a Dacian woman. Inscription (CIL III 1195), [21] [42] cf. names Resculum (a hamlet from Dacia) and Rascuporis / Rascupolis (name with Sapaean and Bithynian Thracian tribes) [42]
Rhemaxos Getic king who ruled to the north of the Danube around 200 BC
Rholes, Roles Getae chieftain in Scythia Minor (Dio Cassius)
RigozusAnthroponym. [43]
RolouzisOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [16]
Rubobostes Dacian king in Transylvania in the 2nd century BC

S

Dacian namePossible etymologyAttestationNotes
ScoryloFrom root *sker 'to leap, spin' [44] Name of a Dacian general [42] Cf. Scoris (Scorinis), a "Royal" Dacian name found also with Thracians from south of the Danube.[ citation needed ]

T

Dacian namePossible etymologyAttestationNotes
Tarbus "hard, strong, powerful" cf. Bactrian thaurva (de tarva) [23] possibly a prince of the Free Dacians [23] [45]
ThiadicemOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [12]
ThiamarkosDacian king (inscription "Basileys Thiamarkos epoiei") [46]
ThiaperOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [16]
TiatiWith the inscription CIL VI 1801 at Rome. [9]
TiatitisOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [16]
Tsinna, Zinnas, Sinna
  • Zinnas in IOSPE I2 136, Olbia, late 1st-early 2nd century
  • Tsinna son of Bassus in ISM V 27, Capidava (Scythia Minor), 2nd century
  • Titus Aurelius Sinna from Ratiaria (Moesia Superior) in CIL III 14507, Viminacium (Moesia Superior), year 195
  • Sinna in a military diploma for year 246 (no other details provided, but it was published by Peter Weiss in "Ausgewahlte neue Militardiplome" in Chiron 32 (2002), p. 513-7)
TsiruTsiru son of Bassus in ISM V 27, Capidava (Scythia Minor), 2nd century [47]

V

Dacian namePossible etymologyAttestationNotes
Vezina, Vezinas'Active, vigorous, energetic', from PIE *ueg [48] Main advisor of Decebalus [49]

Z

Dacian namePossible etymologyAttestationNotes
Zalmoxis Dacian god [23]
Zalmodegikos Getan king who ruled around 200 BC
Zebeleizis, Gebeleizis, Gebeleixis, NebeleizisOther name of the Dacian god Zalmoxis [23]
Zia"mare", cf. Thracian Ziaka, Sanskrit hayaka "horse" (See Thracian name Ziacatralis "who feeds the horses") [23] Dacian name of a princess. [23] Variant: Ziais
ZoutulaOstracon of Dacian cavalry recruited after the Roman conquest and stationed in East Egypt [10]
Zyraxes "Powerful prince" cf. Bactrian Zura, Zavare "power" and cf. Khsaya "prince" [50] Prince of the Getae [50] A similar name's form is found in the city name Zurobara, from bara/vara ("city") and zuro ("fortified") [50]

Toponyms

NoDacian nameEtymologyModern city/LocationAttestationNotes
1 Acidava (Acidaua) Enoșești, Olt County, Romania Tabula Peutingeriana [51]
2 Amutria (Amutrion, Amutrium, Admutrium, [52] Ad Mutrium, Ad Mutriam, Ancient Greek : Ἀμούτριον [53] )Hypothetically located at one of the following sites in Oltenia (Southwestern Romania): Ptolemy's Geographia, Tabula Peutingeriana [56]
3 Apula (Apulon)Piatra Craivii, 20 km North of Alba-Iulia, Romania Tabula Peutingeriana [51] Apulum in Latin, see also Apuli
4 Bersobis (Berzobim)"White, shine" including birch-tree from root *bhereg > ber(e)z [57]

Alternatively, it could be compared with Berzama, place name from Thrace between Amhialos and Kabyle and Bactrian Bareza 'height' [18]

Modern Berzovia village in Caraș-Severin County, on the bank of river Bârzava, RomaniaThe sole surviving sentence from Trajan's campaign journal in the Latin grammar work of Priscian, Institutiones grammaticae [58]
5 Napoca (Napuca)The following are the most important hypotheses regarding Napoca's etymology:
  • Dacian name having the same root "nap" (cf. ancient Armenian root "nap") with that of the Dacia's river Naparis attested by Herodotus. It has an augmentative suffix uk/ok i.e. over, great [37]
  • Name derived from that of the Dacianized Scythian tribe known as Napae [59]
  • Name probably akin to the indigenous (Thracian) element in Romanian, the word năpârcă 'viper' cf. Albanian nepërkë, nepërtkë [60]
  • Name derived from the Ancient Greek term napos (νάπος) "timbered valley"
  • Name derived from the Indo-European *snā-p- (Pokorny 971–2) "to flow, to swim, damp". [61]

Independent of these hypotheses, scholars agree that the name of the settlement predates the Roman conquest (AD 106). [61]

Cluj-Napoca, Romania [62] Tabula Peutingeriana [51] [62]

Hydronyms

Dacian nameModern nameEtymologyAttestation
Alutus, Aloutas Olt Possible etymology: Sanskrit alu, meaning "float, raft, water pot, small water jar" Ptolemy, Jordanes
Amutrion, Amutria Motru Skt. *mūtra "dripping water, urine", Skt. Jīmūta, "clouds that cause rain but not thunder" [63]
Argessos, Ordessos Argeș
Buseos Buzău Originally Μ[π]ουσεος, where Μπ is pronounced as B
Crisus Criș
Donaris Upper Danube
Hyerassus, Tiarantos, Gerasus, Seratos Siret
Istros Upper Danube [64] The Ancient Greek Istros was a borrowing from Thracian/Dacian meaning "strong, swift", akin to Sanskrit is.iras "swift". [64]
Maris, Marisos Mureș Herodotus, Strabo
Naparis Ialomița a) According to Russu, 'flow' / 'moisture'. It has probably the same root with Napoca (modern Cluj-Napoca) [65]

b) According to Parvan, after Tomaschek, the meaning is similar with Lith. Napras, in which there is a high probability of the root *nebh- "to spring". [66]

c) According to Bogrea, 'spring' - compared with Old Persian napas 'spring' [66]

Herodotus (IV 48), [65] [67]
Patissus, Pathissus, Tisia Tisa
Pyretus, Pyretos, Pyresos, Porata Prut
Rabon Jiu
Samus Someș
Sargetia Strei
Tyras Nistru
Tibisis Timiș Herodotus

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Nandris et al. 1976, p. 730.
  2. ↑ Petrescu-Dîmbovița 1978, p. 130.
  3. ↑ Crossland 1982, p. 839.
  4. ↑ Rosetti 1978, p. 208.
  5. ↑ Oltean 2009, p. 95.
  6. ↑ Pogorelets, Ivantchik & Savvov 2007, p. 258.
  7. ↑ Georgiev 1977, p. 298.
  8. ↑ Dana 2003, p. 166.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dana 2003, p. 174.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Dana 2003, p. 185.
  11. 1 2 3 Dana 2003, p. 177.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Dana 2003, p. 183.
  13. ↑ Dana 2003, p. 174 and p=183.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Dana 2003, p. 175.
  15. 1 2 Dana 2003, p. 176.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 Dana 2003, p. 179.
  17. 1 2 Dana 2003, p. 173.
  18. 1 2 Tomaschek 1883, p. 402.
  19. 1 2 3 "PVL Inscriptions - Birdoswald". Per Lineam Valli. 29 December 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  20. 1 2 3 Piso 2001, p. 425.
  21. 1 2 3 4 Kugener & Herrmann 1977, p. 516.
  22. 1 2 3 Mommsen 1887, p. 225.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tomaschek 1883, p. 409.
  24. 1 2 3 4 Van den Gheyn 1885, p. 177.
  25. ↑ Strabo & 20 AD, VII 3,12.
  26. ↑ Tomaschek 1883, p. 403.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Tomaschek 1883, p. 404.
  28. ↑ Hamp 1966, p. 108.
  29. ↑ Strabo & 20 AD, VII 3,5.
  30. ↑ Russu 1969, p. 163 and 109.
  31. ↑ Russu 1967, p. 101.
  32. ↑ "De Imperatoribus Romanis" (Assorted Imperial Battle Descriptions). An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors. Retrieved 8 November 2007. Battle of Sarmizegetusa (Sarmizegetuza), A.D. 105. During Trajan"s reign one of the most important Roman successes was the victory over the Dacians. The first important confrontation between the Romans and the Dacians took place in the year 87 and was initiated by Domitian. The praetorian prefect Cornelius led five or six legions across the Danube on a bridge of ships and advanced towards Banat (in Romania). The Romans were surprised by a Dacian attack at Tapae (near the village of Bucova, in Romania). Legion V Alaude was crushed and Cornelius Fuscus was killed. The victorious general was originally known as Diurpaneus (see Manea, p.109), but after this victory he was called Decebalus (the brave one).
  33. 1 2 Tomaschek 1883, p. 405.
  34. 1 2 Russu 1967, p. 133.
  35. ↑ Dana 2006, pp. 118–119.
  36. ↑ Dumistracel 1988, p. 395.
  37. 1 2 3 4 Tomaschek 1883, p. 406.
  38. 1 2 Dana 2006, p. 117.
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 Tomaschek 1883, p. 407.
  40. ↑ Georgiev, Vladimir I.. "Thrakisch und Dakisch". Band 29/2. Teilband Sprache und Literatur (Sprachen und Schriften [Forts.]), edited by Wolfgang Haase, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1983. p. 1157. doi : 10.1515/9783110847031-015
  41. ↑ Duridanov, Ivan. "Thrakische und dakische Namen". 1. Halbband: Ein internationales Handbuch zur Onomastik. Edited by Ernst Eichler, Gerold Hilty, Heinrich Löffler, Hugo Steger and Ladislav Zgusta. Berlin; New York: De Gruyter Mouton, 1995. p. 828. doi : 10.1515/9783110114263.1.8.820
  42. 1 2 3 4 Tomaschek 1883, p. 408.
  43. ↑ Russu 1967, p. 156.
  44. ↑ Russu 1967, p. 136.
  45. ↑ Batty, Roger (2007): Rome and the Nomads: the Pontic-Danubian realm in antiquity, Oxford University Press, ISBN   0-19-814936-0, ISBN   978-0-19-814936-1, page 366
  46. ↑ Berciu 1981, p. 139-140.
  47. ↑ Dana 2001–2003, p. 88.
  48. ↑ Russu 1969, p. 145, 154 and 160.
  49. ↑ Kővári, László; Ráth, Mór (1859). Erdély történelme[History of Transylvania]. Kolozsvár (Cluj-Napoca): Stein János Bizománya.
  50. 1 2 3 Tomaschek 1883, p. 410.
  51. 1 2 3 Tabula Peutingeriana, Segmentum VIII.
  52. 1 2 Pippidi 1976, p. 17.
  53. ↑ Nobbe 1845, p. 10.
  54. ↑ Diaconovich 1898, p. 758.
  55. 1 2 Schütte 1917, p. 96.
  56. ↑ Tabula Peutingeriana, Segmentum VII.
  57. ↑ Parvan 1926, p. 245.
  58. ↑ Priscian 520, VI 13.
  59. ↑ Pârvan 1982, pp. 165 & 82.
  60. ↑ Paliga 2006, p. 142.
  61. 1 2 Lukács 2005, p. 14.
  62. 1 2 Bunbury 1879, p. 516.
  63. ↑ "Jimuta, Jīmūta, Jimūta, Jimuೂta: 21 definitions". 3 August 2014.
  64. 1 2 Katičić & Križman 1976, p. 144.
  65. 1 2 Russu 1969, p. 130 and 154.
  66. 1 2 Brugmann et al. 2009, p. 324.
  67. ↑ Herodotus & Rawlinson (translator), p. 163.

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Thracology is the scientific study of Ancient Thrace and Thracian antiquities and is a regional and thematic branch of the larger disciplines of ancient history and archaeology. A practitioner of the discipline is a Thracologist. Thracology investigates the range of ancient Thracian culture from 1000 BC up to the end of Roman rule in the 4th–7th centuries AD. It is believed 'modern' Thracology started with the work of Wilhelm Tomaschek in the late 19th century.

The history of Cluj-Napoca covers the time from the Roman conquest of Dacia, when a Roman settlement named Napoca existed on the location of the later city, through the founding of Cluj and its flourishing as the main cultural and religious center in the historical province of Transylvania, until its modern existence as a city, the seat of Cluj County in north-western Romania.

Dacology is a branch of Thracology which focuses on the scientific study of Dacia and Dacian antiquities and is a regional and thematic branch of the larger disciplines of ancient history and archaeology. A practitioner of the discipline is a Dacologist. Dacology investigates the range of ancient Dacian culture from c. 1000 BC up to the end of Roman rule in the 4th-7th centuries. It is directly subordinated to Thracology, since Dacians are considered a branch of the Thracians by most mainstream research and historical sources. Other theories sustain that the Daco-Thracian relation is not as strong as originally thought and as such Dacology has the potential to evolve as an independent discipline from Thracology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aizis</span>

Aizis was a Dacian town mentioned by Emperor Trajan in his work Dacica. Located at Dealul Ruieni, Fârliug, Caraș-Severin, Banat, Romania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zurobara</span> Dacian town

Zurobara was a Dacian town located in the northwest of today's Romanian Banat. It was positioned by the Tibiscus (Timiș) river, north of Sarmizegetusa Regia and south of Ziridava.

<i>Dava</i> (Dacian) Dacian fortified settlement

Dava was a Geto-Dacian name for a city, town or fortress. Generally, the name indicated a tribal center or an important settlement, usually fortified. Some of the Dacian settlements and the fortresses employed the Murus Dacicus traditional construction technique.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cumidava</span> Dacian fortified settlement

Cumidava was originally a Dacian settlement, and later a Roman military camp on the site of the modern city of Râșnov in Romania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Capidava</span> Archaeological site in Romania

Capidava was originally an important Geto-Dacian centre on the right bank of the Danube. After the Roman conquest, it became a civil and military centre in the province of Moesia Inferior and part of the defensive frontier system of the Moesian Limes along the Danube.

References

Ancient

Modern

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Further reading

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