Bremen

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Bremen
Breem / Bräm (Low German)
Location of Bremen
Bremen
Germany adm location map.svg
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Bremen
Bremen location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Bremen
Coordinates: 53°04′33″N08°48′26″E / 53.07583°N 8.80722°E / 53.07583; 8.80722
Country Germany
State Bremen
Subdivisions5 boroughs, 19 districts, 88 subdistricts
Government
   Mayor Andreas Bovenschulte (SPD)
  Governing parties SPD / Greens / Left
Area
   City
326.73 km2 (126.15 sq mi)
  Metro
11,627 km2 (4,489 sq mi)
Elevation
12 m (39 ft)
Population
 (2022-12-31) [1]
   City
569,396
  Density1,700/km2 (4,500/sq mi)
   Metro
2,800,000
Demonym(s) Bremer (m), Bremerin (f)
Time zone UTC+01:00 (CET)
  Summer (DST) UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
28001–28779
Dialling codes 0421
Vehicle registration HB (with 1 to 2 letters and 1 to 4 digits) [2]
Website Bremen online

Bremen (Low German also: Breem or Bräm), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (German : Stadtgemeinde Bremen, IPA: [ˈʃtatɡəˌmaɪndəˈbʁeːmən] ), is the capital of the German state of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (Freie Hansestadt Bremen), a two-city-state consisting of the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven. With about 577,000 inhabitants, the Hanseatic city is the 11th-largest city of Germany and the second-largest city in Northern Germany after Hamburg. [a]

Contents

Bremen is the largest city on the River Weser, the longest river flowing entirely in Germany, lying some 60 km (37 mi) upstream from its mouth into the North Sea at Bremerhaven, and is completely surrounded by the state of Lower Saxony. Bremen is the centre of the Northwest Metropolitan Region, which also includes the cities of Oldenburg and Bremerhaven, and has a population of around 2.8 million people. Bremen is contiguous with the Lower Saxon towns of Delmenhorst, Stuhr, Achim, Weyhe, Schwanewede and Lilienthal. There is an exclave of Bremen in Bremerhaven, the "Citybremian Overseas Port Area Bremerhaven" (Stadtbremisches Überseehafengebiet Bremerhaven). Bremen is the fourth-largest city in the Low German dialect area after Hamburg, Dortmund and Essen.

Bremen's port, together with the port of Bremerhaven at the mouth of the Weser, is the second-largest port in Germany after the Port of Hamburg. The airport of Bremen (Flughafen Bremen "Hans Koschnick") lies in the southern borough of Neustadt-Neuenland and is Germany's 12th-busiest airport.

Bremen is a major cultural and economic hub of Northern Germany. The city is home to dozens of historical galleries and museums, ranging from historical sculptures to major art museums, such as the Bremen Overseas Museum (Übersee-Museum Bremen) or the Weserburg. [3] The Bremen City Hall and the Bremen Roland form the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Town Hall and Roland on the Marketplace of Bremen". Bremen is well-known through the Brothers Grimm's fairy tale "Town Musicians of Bremen" (Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten), and there is a statue dedicated to it in front of the city hall.

Bremen has a reputation as a working-class city. [4] The city is home to many multinationals and manufacturing companies headquartered in Bremen include Hachez chocolate and Vector Foiltec. [5] Bundesliga club SV Werder Bremen play in the Weserstadion on the bank of the Weser.

History

16th century view of the city Braun Bremen UBHD.jpg
16th century view of the city

For most of its 1,200 year history, Bremen was an independent city within the confederal jurisdiction of the Holy Roman Empire. Its governing merchants and guilds were at the centre of the Hanseatic League that sought to monopolise the North Sea and Baltic Sea trade. To enlarge and confirm its independence, the city had, until the Reformation, to contend with the temporal power of the Church, and after the Thirty Years' War with Sweden, the masters of the surrounding Duchy of Bremen-Verden. George 1 Louis, the Elector of Hannover (and from 1714, King of Great Britain and Ireland) who in 1715 acquired Bremen-Verden, recognized Bremen as a free city in 1720. [6] The city was captured in 1806 and then annexed by France in 1810, before it regained independence in 1815. [6]

In 1871, Bremen was drawn by Prussia into the German Empire. With its new sea anchorage and wharves at Bremerhaven, it was the principal port of embarkation for German and central European emigrants to the Americas, and an entrepôt for Germany's late developing colonial trade. The Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL), founded in Bremen in 1857, became one of the world's leading shipping companies.

In the twentieth century, Bremen, a broadly liberal and social-democratic city, lost its autonomy under the Hitler regime. During World War II, it was the location of nine subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp, mostly for French, Polish, Soviet and Jewish men and Jewish women. [7] After the war, in which almost two thirds of the city's fabric was destroyed, the autonomy was restored. Bremen became one of the founding Bundesländer (or states) of the Federal Republic (West Germany).

Geography

View from the Stephanibrucke towards the city centre and cathedral Weserhb2.jpg
View from the Stephanibrücke towards the city centre and cathedral

Bremen lies on both sides of the River Weser, about 60 kilometres (37 miles) upstream of its estuary on the North Sea and its transition to the Outer Weser by Bremerhaven. Opposite Bremen's Altstadt is the point where the "Middle Weser" becomes the "Lower Weser" and, from the area of Bremen's port, the river has been made navigable to ocean-going vessels. The region on the left bank of the Lower Weser, through which the Ochtum flows, is the Weser Marshes, the landscape on its right bank is part of the Elbe-Weser Triangle. The Lesum, and its tributaries, the Wümme and Hamme, the Schönebecker Aue and Blumenthaler Aue, are the downstream tributaries of the Weser.

The city's municipal area is about 38 kilometres (24 miles) long and 16 kilometres (10 miles) wide. In terms of area, Bremen is the eleventh largest city in Germany; and in terms of population the second largest city in northwest Germany after Hamburg and the eleventh largest in the whole of Germany (see: List of cities in Germany).[ contradictory ]

Bremen lies about 50 kilometres (31 miles) east of the city of Oldenburg, 110 kilometres (68 miles) southwest of Hamburg, 120 kilometres (75 miles) northwest of Hanover, 100 kilometres (62 miles) north of Minden and 105 kilometres (65 miles) northeast of Osnabrück. Part of Bremerhaven's port territory forms an exclave of the City of Bremen.

Hills of Bremen

The inner city lies on a Weser dune, which reaches a natural height of 10.5 metres (34 feet, 6 inches) above sea level at Bremen Cathedral; its highest point, though, is 14.4 metres (47 feet, 3 inches) above sea level and lies to the east at the Polizeihaus , Am Wall 196. The highest natural feature in the city of Bremen is 32.5 metres (107 feet) above sea level and lies in Friedehorst Park in the northwestern borough of Burglesum. [8] :25 As a result, Bremen has the lowest high point of all the German states. [9]

Climate

Bremen has a moderate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) due to its proximity to the North Sea coast and temperate maritime air masses that move in with the predominantly westerly winds from the Atlantic Ocean. However, periods in which continental air masses predominate may occur at any time of the year and can lead to heat waves in the summer and prolonged periods of frost in the winter. In general though, extremes are rare in Bremen and temperatures below −15 °C (5.0 °F) and above 35 °C (95.0 °F) occur only once every couple of years. The record high temperature was 37.6 °C (99.7 °F) on 9 August 1992, while the official record low temperature was −23.6 °C (−10.5 °F) on 13 February 1940. On 13 October 2018, Bremen recorded its warmest October day on record with 28.6 °C (83.4 °F). [10] However, the astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers reported to have measured −27.3 °C on 23 January 1823. [11] Being at some distance from the main North Sea, Bremen still has a somewhat wider temperature range than Bremerhaven that is located on the mouth of Weser.

Average temperatures have risen continually over the last decades, leading to a 0.6 °C (1.1 °F) rise in the mean annual temperature between 1961–90 and 1981–2010 reference periods. As in most parts of Germany, the year 2014 has been the warmest year on record averaging 11.1 °C (52.0 °F), making Bremen the second-warmest German state after Berlin in 2014. [12] While Bremen is located in the comparatively cloudy northwestern part of Germany, there has been a significant increase in average sunshine hours over the last decades, especially in the months of April, May, and July, causing the annual mean to rise by 121 hours between the reference periods of 1961–90 and 1991–2020. [13] This trend has continued over the last 10 years (2011–2020), which average 1680 hours of sunshine, almost 200 hours more than in the international reference period of 1961–90. [14] Nevertheless, especially the winters remain extremely gloomy by international standards with December averaging hardly more than one hour of sunshine (out of 7 astronomically possible) per day, a feature that Bremen shares with most of Germany and its neighbouring countries, though.

Precipitation is distributed fairly even around the year with a small peak in summer mainly due to convective precipitation, i.e. showers and thunderstorms. Snowfall and the period of snow cover are variable; whereas in some years, hardly any snow accumulation occurs, there has recently been a series of unusually snowy winters, peaking in the record year 2010 counting 84 days with a snow cover. [15] Nevertheless, snow accumulation of more than 20 centimetres (8 in) remains exceptional, the record being 68 centimetres (26.8 in) of snow on 18 February 1979.

The warmest months in Bremen are June, July, and August, with average high temperatures of 20.2 to 22.6 °C (68.4 to 72.7 °F). The coldest are December, January, and February, with average low temperatures of −1.1 to 0.3 °C (30.0 to 32.5 °F). Typical of its maritime location, autumn tends to remain mild well into October, while spring arrives later than in the southwestern parts of the country.

Climate data for Bremen (1991–2020 normals)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)14.6
(58.3)
18.5
(65.3)
23.5
(74.3)
30.2
(86.4)
34.4
(93.9)
34.9
(94.8)
36.8
(98.2)
37.6
(99.7)
33.4
(92.1)
28.6
(83.5)
20.1
(68.2)
16.1
(61.0)
37.6
(99.7)
Mean maximum °C (°F)11.3
(52.3)
12.3
(54.1)
17.2
(63.0)
22.4
(72.3)
26.4
(79.5)
29.8
(85.6)
31.4
(88.5)
31.5
(88.7)
25.9
(78.6)
20.5
(68.9)
15.6
(60.1)
11.9
(53.4)
33.4
(92.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)4.6
(40.3)
5.6
(42.1)
9.3
(48.7)
14.5
(58.1)
18.3
(64.9)
21.3
(70.3)
23.6
(74.5)
23.3
(73.9)
19.3
(66.7)
14.0
(57.2)
8.6
(47.5)
5.4
(41.7)
14.0
(57.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)2.2
(36.0)
2.6
(36.7)
5.2
(41.4)
9.4
(48.9)
13.2
(55.8)
16.2
(61.2)
18.4
(65.1)
18.0
(64.4)
14.3
(57.7)
10.0
(50.0)
5.8
(42.4)
3.1
(37.6)
9.9
(49.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−0.5
(31.1)
−0.5
(31.1)
1.1
(34.0)
3.9
(39.0)
7.5
(45.5)
10.5
(50.9)
12.9
(55.2)
12.6
(54.7)
9.6
(49.3)
6.0
(42.8)
2.8
(37.0)
0.5
(32.9)
5.5
(41.9)
Mean minimum °C (°F)−8.8
(16.2)
−7.9
(17.8)
−5.1
(22.8)
−2.8
(27.0)
0.5
(32.9)
4.8
(40.6)
7.6
(45.7)
7.0
(44.6)
3.4
(38.1)
−0.9
(30.4)
−4.3
(24.3)
−7.5
(18.5)
−11.4
(11.5)
Record low °C (°F)−21.8
(−7.2)
−23.6
(−10.5)
−18.7
(−1.7)
−7.6
(18.3)
−3.5
(25.7)
0.5
(32.9)
3.0
(37.4)
3.4
(38.1)
−1.2
(29.8)
−7.8
(18.0)
−14.1
(6.6)
−17.5
(0.5)
−23.6
(−10.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)58.4
(2.30)
43.6
(1.72)
45.6
(1.80)
39.5
(1.56)
49.8
(1.96)
62.3
(2.45)
75.3
(2.96)
69.3
(2.73)
58.3
(2.30)
57.1
(2.25)
51.2
(2.02)
59.9
(2.36)
670.3
(26.39)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)18.115.015.112.813.914.515.515.513.915.817.018.2185.4
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm)1.41.20.500000000.20.91.6
Average relative humidity (%)86.983.778.972.471.573.073.475.280.485.088.588.779.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 47.869.8120.4182.0213.2204.8213.5198.0151.2109.853.340.21,604
Source 1: NOAA [16]
Source 2: DWD; wetterkontor.de; [17] [18] Infoclimat [19]

Population

Historical population
YearPop.±%
135010,000    
165025,000+150.0%
181136,630+46.5%
185257,055+55.8%
186470,692+23.9%
187182,969+17.4%
1890125,684+51.5%
1900161,184+28.2%
1910247,437+53.5%
1919262,767+6.2%
1925295,585+12.5%
1933324,189+9.7%
1939431,800+33.2%
1945366,427−15.1%
1951463,049+26.4%
1961569,862+23.1%
1971594,591+4.3%
1981553,261−7.0%
1991551,219−0.4%
2001540,950−1.9%
2011542,707+0.3%
2022575,071+6.0%
Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.

Bremen's economy boomed in line with the West German Wirtschaftswunder of the 1950s and 60s. This saw the growth, and permanent settlement, of a large migrant worker population, drawn largely from Turkey and southern Europe. A new wave immigration occurred after the turn of new century, following the entry of Poland, Bulgaria and other former East Bloc countries into the European Union, and after 2015 with the settlement of refugees from Syria and other war-torn regions. Today Bremen has a population of 567,000 and is the 11th largest city in Germany and 5th largest city by area with area of 318.21 km2 (122.86 sq mi), which makes this city area bigger than Munich.

By the second decade of the century out of a population (including Bremerhaven) of approximately 680,000, over 115,000 had foreign citizenship, [8] [20] and nearly twice that number, almost a third of the total population, could be classified as having non-German origin/ethnicity. [21]

Number of minorities in Bremen by nationality as of 31 December 2022: [22]

RankNationalityPopulation (31.12.2022)
1Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 22,860
2Flag of Syria.svg  Syria 17,345
3Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 5,370
4Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 9,325
5Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 9,455
6Flag of the Taliban.svg  Afghanistan 4,215
7Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 3,420
8Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 4,240
9Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana 3,170
10Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 3,535
11Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria 2,350
12Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 2,460
13Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 2,420
14Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 2,835
15Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 2,470

The recent influx has somewhat moderated the tendency toward an accelerated ageing of the population. As it is, more than half the population of the state of Bremen are over 50, and more than a quarter are over 60. [23]

Politics

The Stadtbürgerschaft (municipal assembly) is currently made up of 72 of the 87 legislators of the state legislature, the Bremische Bürgerschaft who reside in the city of Bremen. The legislature is elected by the citizens of Bremen every four years.

Bremen has a reputation as a left-wing city. The port, shipyards and related industries sustained a large and unionised working class. This translated into support for the Social Democrats, considered Bremen's natural governing party. However, in the 1980s mechanization of the port and closure of the city's leading shipbuilder induced an employment crisis and shook the confidence of the party's traditional voter base. The SPD, which had still polled 51% in 1987, lost its effective majority. The once dominant left-liberal vote split, and coalition government became the norm. [24] The state today is governed by a coalition of the Social Democratic Party, The Greens and The Left.

In November 2019 the right-wing group Phalanx 18 was banned by the city-state of Bremen. [25]

One of the two mayors (Bürgermeister) is elected President of the Senate (Präsident des Senats) and serves as head of the city and the state. The current mayor is Andreas Bovenschulte. [26]

Last state election, 2023

Burgerschaft of Bremen 2023.svg
PartyVotes %SwingSeatsTotal

seats

Change
Bremen Bremerhaven
Social Democratic Party (SPD)376,61029.8Increase2.svg 4.923427Increase2.svg 4
Christian Democratic Union (CDU)331,38026.2Decrease2.svg 0.421324Steady2.svg 0
Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE)150,26311.9Decrease2.svg 5.59211Decrease2.svg 5
The Left (DIE LINKE)137,67610.9Decrease2.svg 0.49110Steady2.svg 0
Citizens in Rage (BiW)118,6959.4Increase2.svg 7.06410Increase2.svg 9
Free Democratic Party (FDP)64,1555.1Decrease2.svg 0.9415Steady2.svg 0
Volt Germany (Volt)24,8282.0New00New
Human Environment Animal Protection Party 13,8191.1New00New
Die PARTEI 12,0521.0Decrease2.svg 0.700Steady2.svg 0
Grassroots Democratic Party (dieBasis)9,9880.8New00New
MERA25 7,9120.6New00New
Ecological Democratic Party (ÖDP)5,4980.4New000New
Basic Income for All (GFA)5,3510.4New00New
Pirate Party Germany (Piraten)2,1840.2Decrease2.svg 0.800Steady2.svg 0
Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany (MLPD)1,9930.2New00New
Party for Biomedical Rejuvenation Research 1,4840.1New00New
Total1,263,908100.0721587Increase2.svg 3
Invalid6,6982.6Increase2.svg 0.3
Turnout262,09956.9Decrease2.svg 7.2
Registered voters460,778
Source: Wahlen Bremen

Administrative structure

Stadtbezirk
(borough)
Stadtteile (urban districts),
Ortsteile (subdistricts, selectively)
AreaPopulationDensity
of population
Maps
Mitte
(Central)
1
33.741 km²17,392515 / km² Bremen 11 Mitte.svg
Mitte
Bremen 12 Hafen.svg
Häfen
Süd
(South)
2
  • Neustadt (New Town)
    • Alte Neustadt (Old New Town, near the Weser, opposite of the City)
    • Buntentor (an old suburb, southeast of Alte Neustadt)
    • Huckelriede, between Buntentor and Habenhausen
    • Hohentor, west of Alte Neustadt
    • Neuenland, with Bremen Airport and some hightech companies

Neustadt, Südervorstadt and Gartenstadt Süd between Alte Neustadt and the airport city

66.637 km²123,3031,850 / km² Bremen 21 Neustadt.svg
Neustadt

Bremen 24 Huchting.svg
Huchting

Bremen 26 Seehausen.svg
Seehausen

Bremen 23 Obervieland.svg
Obervieland

Bremen 25 Woltmershausen.svg
Woltmershausen

Bremen 27 Strom.svg
Strom

Ost
(East)
3
108.201 km²218,8432,023 / km² Bremen 31 Ostliche Vorstadt.svg
Östliche Vorstadt

Bremen 33 Vahr.svg
Vahr

Bremen 35 Borgfeld.svg
Borgfeld

Bremen 37 Osterholz.svg
Osterholz
Bremen 32 Schwachhausen.svg
Schwachhausen

Bremen 34 Horn-Lehe.svg
Horn-Lehe

Bremen 36 Oberneuland.svg
Oberneuland

Bremen 38 Hemelingen.svg
Hemelingen
West
4
56.606 km²89,2161,576 / km² Bremen 41 Blockland.svg
Blockland

Bremen 42 Findorff.svg
Findorff
Bremen 43 Walle.svg
Walle

Bremen 44 Gropelingen.svg
Gröpelingen
Nord
(North)
5
60.376 km²98,6061,633 / km² Bremen 51 Burglesum.svg
Burglesum

Bremen 53 Blumenthal.svg
Blumenthal
Bremen 52 Vegesack.svg
Vegesack
View from the Stephani-Bridge in the direction of the Cathedral Weserhb2.jpg
View from the Stephani-Bridge in the direction of the Cathedral
Schlachte Bremen Schlachte von Teerhofbrucke.jpg
Schlachte
Baumwollborse (Cotton exchange) BaumwollboerseBremen-1.jpg
Baumwollbörse (Cotton exchange)
The Parkhotel in the Burgerpark (central park) HB 2016-0607 photo24 Park-Hotel.jpg
The Parkhotel in the Bürgerpark (central park)

Main sights

More contemporary tourist attractions include:

Structures

The Fallturm
(Drop Tower) of the University of Bremen Bremen fallturm2.jpg
The Fallturm (Drop Tower) of the University of Bremen

The Freie Waldorfschule in Bremen-Sebaldsbrück was Germany's first school built to the Passivhaus low-energy building standard. [35]

Economy

According to data from the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, Bremen had a GDP per capita of $53,379 in 2013, higher than the average for Germany as a whole. For comparison, in 2013, the World Bank reported Germany had a GDP per capita of $46,268, and the EU overall had a GDP per capita of $35,408 in the same year. [36]

Bremen is the second development centre of the region, after Hamburg. It forms part of the production network of Airbus SAS and this is where equipping of the wing units for all widebody Airbus aircraft and the manufacture of small sheet metal parts takes place. Structural assembly, including that of metal landing flaps, is another focal point. Within the framework of Airbus A380 production, assembly of the landing flaps (high lift systems) is carried out here. The pre-final assembly of the fuselage section (excluding the cockpit) of the A400M military transport aircraft takes place before delivery on to Spain. [37]

MZH building, campus of the University of Bremen MZH-Winkel.jpg
MZH building, campus of the University of Bremen

More than 3,100 persons are employed at Airbus Bremen, the second largest Airbus site in Germany. As part of the Centre of Excellence – Wing/Pylon, Bremen is responsible for the design and manufacture of high-lift systems for the wings of Airbus aircraft. The entire process chain for the high-lift elements is established here, including the project office, technology engineering, flight physics, system engineering, structure development, verification tests, structural assembly, wing equipping and ultimate delivery to the final assembly line. In addition, Bremen manufactures sheet metal parts like clips and thrust crests for all Airbus aircraft as part of the Centre of Excellence – Fuselage and Cabin. [38]

In Bremen there is a plant of EADS Astrium and the headquarters of OHB-System, respectively the first and the third space companies of European Union.

There is also a Mercedes-Benz factory in Bremen, building the C, CLK, SL, SLK, and GLK series of cars. [39]

Beck & Co's headlining brew Beck's and St Pauli Girl beers are brewed in Bremen. In past centuries when Bremen's port was the "key to Europe", the city also had a large number of wine importers, but the number is down to a precious few. Apart from that there is another link between Bremen and wine: about 800 years ago, quality wines were produced here. Bremen is not the place where the largest wine cellar in the world is located although it was once said to hold over 1 million bottles, but during WWII was raided by occupying forces.

A large number of food producing or trading companies are located in Bremen with their German or European headquarters: Anheuser-Busch InBev (Beck's Brewery), Kellogg's, Kraft Foods (Kraft, Jacobs Coffee, Milka Chocolate, Milram, Miràcoli), Frosta (frosted food), Nordsee (chain of sea fast food), Melitta Kaffee, Eduscho Kaffee, Azul Kaffee, Vitakraft (pet articles and food for cats, dogs, birds, fish, rodents and other pets), Atlanta AG (Chiquita banana), chocolatier Hachez (fine chocolate and confiserie), feodora chocolatier.

Bremer Woll-Kämmerei (BWK), a worldwide operating company for manufacturing wool and trading in wool and similar products, is headquartered in Bremen. Gleistein is a German cordage factory with head office in Bremen.

Bremen Central Station Bremen Hbf pano.jpg
Bremen Central Station

Transport

Map of the Bremen S-Bahn Netzplan Regio-S-Bahn Bremen 2022.svg
Map of the Bremen S-Bahn

Bremen has an international airport situated 3 km (2 mi) south of the city centre.

Trams in Bremen and local bus services are offered by the Bremer Straßenbahn AG (translates from German as Bremen Tramways Corporation), often abbreviated BSAG, the public transport provider for Bremen. [40]

The Bremen S-Bahn covers the Bremen/Oldenburg Metropolitan Region, from Bremerhaven in the north to Twistringen in the south and from Oldenburg in the west, centred on Bremen Central Station. It has been in operation since 2010. [41] This network unified existing regional transport in Bremen as well as surrounding cities, including Bremerhaven, Delmenhorst, Twistringen, Nordenham, Oldenburg, and Verden an der Aller. The network lies completely within the area of the Bremen-Lower Saxony Transport Association, whose tariff structure applies.

Events

Sports

Weserstadion is the home ground of Werder Bremen. 2012-08-08-fotoflug-bremen zweiter flug 0434.JPG
Weserstadion is the home ground of Werder Bremen.

Bremen is home to the football team Werder Bremen, who won the German Football Championship for the fourth time and the German Football Cup for the fifth time in 2004, making them only the fourth team in German football history to win the double; the club won the German Football Cup for the sixth time in 2009. The home stadium of SV Werder Bremen is the Weserstadion, a pure football stadium, almost completely surrounded by solar cells. It is one of the biggest buildings in Europe delivering renewable energy.

Education

With 18,000 students, [44] the University of Bremen is the largest university in Bremen, and is also home to the international Goethe-Institut and the Fallturm Bremen. Additionally, Bremen has a University of the Arts and the Bremen University of Applied Sciences. In 2001, the private Jacobs University Bremen was founded. All major German research foundations maintain institutes in Bremen, with a focus on marine sciences: The Max Planck Society with the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, and the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Scientific Community with the Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (zmt). [45] The Bremerhaven-based Alfred-Wegener-Institute of the Helmholtz Association closely cooperates with the aforementioned institutes, especially within the MARUM [46] a center for marine environmental sciences, affiliated to the University of Bremen. Furthermore, The Fraunhofer Society is present in Bremen with centers for applied material research (IFAM [47] ) and medical image computing (MEVIS [48] ). The Centre for Economics Education in the Unterwesergebiet (BWU) is a vocational education and training institution based in Bremen. It specializes in providing business-related education and professional development programs for individuals and businesses. [49]

Miscellaneous

People

Twin towns – sister cities

Bremen is twinned with: [50]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Weser</span> River in Germany

The Weser is a river of Lower Saxony in north-west Germany. It begins at Hannoversch Münden through the confluence of the Werra and Fulda. It passes through the Hanseatic city of Bremen. Its mouth is 50 km (31 mi) further north against the ports of Bremerhaven and Nordenham. The latter is on the Butjadingen Peninsula. It then merges into the North Sea via two highly saline, estuarine mouths.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AG Weser</span> Shipbuilding company

Aktien-Gesellschaft "Weser" was one of the major German shipbuilding companies, located at the Weser River in Bremen. Founded in 1872 it was finally closed in 1983. All together, A.G. „Weser" built about 1,400 ships of different types, including many warships. A.G. „Weser" was the leading company in the Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG, a cooperation of eight German shipbuilding companies between 1926 and 1945.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bremen (state)</span> State in Germany

Bremen, officially the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, is the smallest and least populous of Germany's 16 states. It is informally called Land Bremen, although the term is sometimes used in official contexts. The state consists of the city of Bremen and its seaport exclave, Bremerhaven, surrounded by the larger state of Lower Saxony in northern Germany.

Norddeutscher Lloyd was a German shipping company. It was founded by Hermann Henrich Meier and Eduard Crüsemann in Bremen on 20 February 1857. It developed into one of the most important German shipping companies of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and was instrumental in the economic development of Bremen and Bremerhaven. On 1 September 1970, the company merged with Hamburg America Line (HAPAG) to form Hapag-Lloyd AG.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bremen-Vegesack</span> District in Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, Germany

Vegesack is a northern district of Bremen, the capital of the German state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bremer Vulkan</span>

Bremer Vulkan AG was a prominent German shipbuilding company located at the Weser river in Bremen-Vegesack. It was founded in 1893 and closed in 1997 because of financial problems and mismanagement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brake, Lower Saxony</span> Town in Lower Saxony, Germany

Brake is the district seat of Wesermarsch district in northern Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Bremen (city)</span>

For most of its 1,200 year history, Bremen was an independent city within the confederal jurisdiction of the Holy Roman Empire. In the late Middle Ages, its governing merchant guilds were at the centre of the Hanseatic League, which sought to monopolise the North Sea and Baltic trade. To establish and confirm its independence, the city had to contend first with the Prince-Archbishop of Bremen, and then with the Swedes, who had become the masters of the surrounding, former episcopal, duchies after the Thirty Years' War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Böttcherstraße</span> Street in Bremen, Germany

Böttcherstraße is a street in the historic centre of Bremen, Germany. Only about 100 m (330 ft) long, it is famous for its unusual architecture and ranks among the city's main cultural landmarks and visitor attractions. Most of its buildings were erected between 1922 and 1931, primarily as a result of the initiative of Ludwig Roselius, a Bremen-based coffee-trader, who charged Bernhard Hoetger with the artistic supervision over the project. The street and its buildings are a rare example of an architectural ensemble belonging to a variant of the expressionist style. Several of the houses can be classed as Brick Expressionism. Since 1973, the ensemble has been protected by the Monument Protection Act.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bremerhaven</span> City in Bremen, Germany

Bremerhaven is a city on the east bank of the Weser estuary in northern Germany. It forms an exclave of the city-state of Bremen. The River Geeste flows through the city before emptying into the Weser.

The Stade Region emerged in 1823 by an administrative reorganisation of the dominions of the Kingdom of Hanover, a sovereign state, whose then territory is almost completely part of today's German federal state of Lower Saxony. Until 1837 the Kingdom of Hanover was ruled in personal union by the Kings of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elbe–Weser triangle</span> Region in Germany

The region between the Elbe and Weser rivers forms the Elbe–Weser triangle, also rendered Elbe-Weser Triangle, in northern Germany. It is also colloquially referred to as the Nasses Dreieck or "wet triangle".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Balge (river)</span> River in Germany

The Balge was a short branch of the Weser on its eastern side, running through what is now the centre of Bremen. As it served as a harbour in the early Middle Ages, it significantly contributed to Bremen's development as a port. The river gradually narrowed until in 1608, it was canalised. In 1838, it was completely filled with earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bremer Marktplatz</span> Square in Bremen, Germany

The Bremer Marktplatz is a square situated in the centre of the Hanseatic City of Bremen. One of the oldest public squares in the city, it covers an area of 3,484 m2 (37,500 sq ft). It is no longer used as a market place except for the Christmas market and the annual Freimarkt Fair at the end of October.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teerhof</span> Peninsula between the River Weser and the Kleine Weser in Germany

The Teerhof is a peninsula between the River Weser and the Kleine Weser, opposite the city centre of Bremen, Germany. It was first mentioned in 1624 as "Theerhof" when it was the northernmost part of an island. Today it consists mainly of residential buildings and the Weserburg modern art museum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Langenstraße (Bremen)</span> Historical street in the old town of Bremen, Germany

The Langenstraße is a historical street in the old town of Bremen in the north of Germany. First mentioned in 1234, it is one of Bremen's oldest streets and one of the most important for the city's merchants. It no doubt originated at the time when the first settlements grew up on the north bank of the Balge. It runs west from the Marktplatz parallel to the River Weser over Bürgermeister-Smidt-Straße to Geeren. Many of the street's historic buildings were seriously damaged during aerial bombings in the Second World War but were carefully reconstructed in the postwar period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ports of Bremen</span> Ports and harbours in Bremen and Bremerhaven, Germany

The Ports of Bremen, Bremen Ports or Bremish Ports, in German "Bremische Häfen" consist of the commercial ports in Bremen and Bremerhaven. They are managed by bremenports GmbH & Co. KG, a company of private status in public property.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BLG Logistics</span> Multinational freight logistics company headquartered in Germany

BLG Logistics Group AG & Co. KG is a seaport and logistics company with headquarters in Bremen. The operative divisions offer services for automobile, industry and trading customers. The company has nearly 100 locations in Europe, America, Asia and Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prize of the Böttcherstraße in Bremen</span> German award

The “Prize of the Böttcherstraße in Bremen” is a German award in the field of contemporary art that was first presented in 1954, making it one of the oldest awards of its kind. According to the Prize's rules, the award is “intended to honour visual artists living in the German speaking area who have not yet received a public distinction of a kind corresponding to the quality of their work”. From 1985 to 1991, the award was called "Bremer Kunstpreis".

Das Große Bremen-Lexikon is an 18th-century encyclopaedia by the Freie Hansestadt Bremen, written by Herbert Schwarzwälder about

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  1. Berlin is seen as East German

Bibliography