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Shandong Peninsula (Shantung Peninsula) | |||||||||
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Simplified Chinese | 山东半岛 | ||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 山東半島 | ||||||||
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Jiaodong Peninsula (Chiaotung Peninsula) | |||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 胶东半岛 | ||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 膠東半島 | ||||||||
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The Shandong (Shantung) Peninsula or Jiaodong (Chiaotung) Peninsula is a peninsula in Shandong in eastern China,between the Bohai Sea to the north and the Yellow Sea to the south. The latter name refers to the east and Jiaozhou. [1]
The waters bordering the peninsula are Laizhou Bay to the northwest,which opens into the Bohai Sea to the north,which in turn passes through the Bohai Strait to the northeast into the Yellow Sea to the east and south. The peninsula's territory comprises three prefecture-level cities of Shandong:Qingdao in the southwest,Yantai in the north and centre,and Weihai at the eastern tip.
Shandong Peninsula is the largest peninsula in China. Stretching into the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea,it is 290 kilometers long from east to west,190 kilometers wide from north to south,and 50 kilometers narrow. The total area of Shandong Peninsula is 73,000 square kilometers.
Geologically it was once connected to the Korean Peninsula and the Liaodong Peninsula,but was split starting around 27 Ma ago,resulting in the formation of the Yellow Sea. [2]
In the Paleolithic,the Shandong Peninsula area was covered by forest. In the Neolithic,about 7,000 years ago,a large number of Dongyi people inhabited the peninsula. The Dongyi had their own kingdom called the State of Lai. The peninsula later belonged to the State of Qi. The Qi built the Great Wall of Qi,which is partially on the peninsula. During the Han dynasty,the peninsula belonged to the feudatory Jiaodong Kingdom.
The Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory was a leased territory of the German Empire from 1898 to 1914 located around Jiaozhou Bay,where the village of Qingdao (Tsingtao) developed into a major seaport.
Japan seized the territory from Germany in 1914 in the First World War. In the 1919 Treaty of Versailles,Germany lost Qingdao and its sphere of influence in Shandong. Instead of restoring Chinese sovereignty over the area,the treaty transferred the leased territory to the Empire of Japan. This resulted in popular dissatisfaction in China with the outcome,known as the Shandong Problem,and led to the May Fourth Movement. Eventually,Shandong was reverted to Chinese control in 1922 after mediation by the United States during the Washington Naval Conference. However,Japan retained economic influence in the area.
Due to geographical reasons,the Shandong Peninsula is closely connected with Northeast China and South Korea. Historically,a large number of people migrated to the Northeast by boat,whereas in the present day many people from the Northeast "return" to the Shandong Peninsula. After the People's Republic of China established diplomatic relations with South Korea in 1992,a large number of South Korean companies also set up factories in the region. There are more than 200,000 Koreans living in the Shandong Peninsula. South Korea has a consulate-general in Qingdao.
Shandong Peninsula is surrounded by sea on three sides and has a monsoon climate with four distinct seasons (Köppen: Cwa/Dwa ). Due to maritime influence,the climate is relatively mild,in both summer and winter.
Climate data for Qingdao (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 12.9 (55.2) | 19.6 (67.3) | 21.5 (70.7) | 25.2 (77.4) | 34.2 (93.6) | 34.4 (93.9) | 37.4 (99.3) | 34.3 (93.7) | 33.2 (91.8) | 28.4 (83.1) | 22.1 (71.8) | 16.2 (61.2) | 37.4 (99.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) | 5.6 (42.1) | 10.0 (50.0) | 15.7 (60.3) | 21.1 (70.0) | 24.3 (75.7) | 27.6 (81.7) | 28.7 (83.7) | 25.8 (78.4) | 20.2 (68.4) | 12.8 (55.0) | 5.9 (42.6) | 16.8 (62.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.2 (32.4) | 2.1 (35.8) | 6.2 (43.2) | 11.6 (52.9) | 17.1 (62.8) | 20.8 (69.4) | 24.7 (76.5) | 25.6 (78.1) | 22.3 (72.1) | 16.6 (61.9) | 9.5 (49.1) | 2.7 (36.9) | 13.3 (55.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.4 (27.7) | −0.6 (30.9) | 3.4 (38.1) | 8.7 (47.7) | 14.1 (57.4) | 18.5 (65.3) | 22.7 (72.9) | 23.4 (74.1) | 19.5 (67.1) | 13.7 (56.7) | 6.7 (44.1) | 0.1 (32.2) | 10.7 (51.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −14.3 (6.3) | −12.1 (10.2) | −6.2 (20.8) | −1.6 (29.1) | 6.1 (43.0) | 12.0 (53.6) | 13.6 (56.5) | 16.3 (61.3) | 10.1 (50.2) | 1.9 (35.4) | −7.2 (19.0) | −11.3 (11.7) | −14.3 (6.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 10.3 (0.41) | 15.7 (0.62) | 18.0 (0.71) | 34.0 (1.34) | 64.1 (2.52) | 70.7 (2.78) | 159.1 (6.26) | 159.6 (6.28) | 69.4 (2.73) | 35.5 (1.40) | 35.2 (1.39) | 14.8 (0.58) | 686.4 (27.02) |
Average precipitation days (≥0.1 mm) | 2.8 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 6.5 | 7.7 | 8.7 | 11.6 | 10.9 | 7.2 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 3.6 | 78.1 |
Average snowy days | 3.8 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 2.7 | 12.3 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 63 | 65 | 65 | 67 | 71 | 82 | 86 | 82 | 71 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 70 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 160.4 | 164.9 | 208.6 | 219.1 | 234.3 | 186.0 | 168.3 | 194.5 | 201.1 | 202.1 | 163.4 | 158.5 | 2,261.2 |
Percent possible sunshine | 52 | 53 | 56 | 56 | 54 | 43 | 38 | 47 | 55 | 59 | 54 | 53 | 52 |
Average ultraviolet index | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
Source 1:China Meteorological Administration [3] [4] | |||||||||||||
Source 2:Weather China [5] Weather Atlas (UV index) [6] |
City | Area (km²) | Population [7] | Notes |
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Qingdao | 11,175.30 | 10,070,000 | |
Weifang | 16,004.89 | 9,386,700 | |
Yantai | 13,746.47 | 7,102,100 | |
Rizhao | 5,347.99 | 3,084,500 | |
Weihai | 5,697.98 | 2,906,500 |
The Shandong Peninsula is fictionalized as the "Chinese Peninsula" in the Japanese manga and anime series, Fire Force .
Qingdao is a city in eastern Shandong Province of China. Located on China's Yellow Sea coast,it is a major nodal city of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) that connects Continental and East Asia with Europe. It has the highest GDP of any city in the province. Administered at the sub-provincial level,Qingdao has jurisdiction over seven districts and three county-level cities. As of the 2020 census,Qingdao built-up area made of the seven urban districts was home to 7,172,451 inhabitants,making it the 15th largest city in China by population. Lying across the Shandong Peninsula and looking out to the Yellow Sea,it borders the prefecture-level cities of Yantai to the northeast,Weifang to the west and Rizhao to the southwest.
Yantai,formerly known as Chefoo,is a coastal prefecture-level city on the Shandong Peninsula in northeastern Shandong province of People's Republic of China. Lying on the southern coast of the Bohai Strait,Yantai borders Qingdao on the southwest and Weihai on the east,with sea access to both the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. It is the largest fishing seaport in Shandong. Its population was 6,968,202 during the 2010 census,of whom 2,227,733 lived in the built-up area made up of the 4 urban districts of Zhifu,Muping,Fushan and Laishan.
Jimo District,formerly Jimo City (即墨市),is a District of Qingdao,Shandong.
Dongying,a prefecture-level city,lies on the northern coast of Shandong province,People's Republic of China. As of the 2020 census,2,193,518 people resided within its administrative area of 7,923.26 km2 (3,059.19 sq mi) and 1,188,656 in the built-up area made up of Dongying and Kenli districts. Dongying is home to the Shengli Oilfield,which after the Daqing oilfield is the second largest oilfield in China.
Weihai,formerly Weihaiwei,is a prefecture-level city and major seaport city in easternmost Shandong province of China. It borders Yantai to the west and the Yellow Sea to the east,and is the closest Chinese city to South Korea.
Rizhao,alternatively romanized as Jihchao,is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Shandong province,China. It is situated on the coastline along the Yellow Sea,and features a major seaport,the Port of Rizhao. It borders Qingdao to the northeast,Weifang to the north,Linyi to the west and southwest,and faces Korea and Japan across the Yellow Sea to the east.
Laiyang city is a county-level city within Yantai bordering Qingdao,located in the middle of the Shandong Peninsula,in Shandong province,China. The majority (70%) of its population are farmers and it is famous for producing the Laiyang pear. As of 2010,it had a population of 923,000.
Longkou,formerly Huang County,is a port city in northeastern Shandong province,China,facing the Bohai Sea to the north and the Laizhou Bay to the west. Longkou,a county-level city,is administered by the prefecture-level city of Yantai. It is located in the northwest of Jiaodong Peninsula and the south bank of Bohai Bay,adjacent to Penglai District in the east,Qixia City and Zhaoyuan City in the south,Bohai Sea in the west and north,and facing Tianjin and Dalian across the sea. With a total area of 901 square kilometers,the city has jurisdiction over 5 subdistricts,8 towns and 1 high-tech industrial park.
Rongcheng is a county-level city of the prefecture-level city of Weihai,at the eastern extremity of Shandong Province,China,looking out to the Yellow Sea in all directions but the west.
Rushan is a county-level city in the prefecture-level city of Weihai,Shandong province,People's Republic of China. Located on the Shandong Peninsula,Rushan borders Yantai to the north and looks out to the Yellow Sea to the south.
Haiyang,a coastal city in Shandong province in eastern China,located on the Yellow Sea (southern) coast of the Shandong Peninsula. It is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yantai.
Jiaozhou,formerly Jiaoxian or Jiao County,is a county-level city of Qingdao sub-provincial municipality,Shandong Province,China. It gained its current county-level city designation in 1987. It has an area of 1,313 km2 (507 sq mi) and a population of 783,478 at the 2000 census.
Changdao County was a county in Yantai,a prefectural area of Shandong in the People's Republic of China. It consists of the Changshan Islands within the Bohai Strait,directly north of Penglai. They were known for their sandy beaches and picturesque limestone cliffs. The total land area was only 56 square kilometers (22 sq mi),but the coastline is 146 km (91 mi) long. In 2020,Changdao County was merged to Penglai county-level city and became Penglai District.
Jinzhou District is one of the seven districts of Dalian,Liaoning province,People's Republic of China. It is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of the city centre and faces the Bohai Sea to the west as well as the Korea Bay to the east and has a longer history than Dalian itself,and used to be a thriving walled city where the officials of this area were dispatched from the central government. Recently,it is again a thriving town,having Dalian Development Area within its area as well as becoming a bedroom community to downtown Dalian. Its area is 1,352.54 square kilometres (522.22 sq mi) and its permanent population as of 2010 is 1,102,773.
Huangdao District and Xihai'an New Area,also known as Qingdao West Coast is a district and a state-level new area of Qingdao,Shandong,China,located south-west and west of the main urban area of the city on the western shore of Jiaozhou Bay. It was identical to Qingdao Economic and Technological Development Zone,which was launched in 1985 after the zone was merged with Huangdao District and set up the Free Trade Zone in 1992. In December 2012,Jiaonan,a county-level city in Qingdao was merged into Huangdao District.
Pulandian District is one of the seven districts under the administration of Dalian,located in the south of Liaoning province,People's Republic of China. Its area is 2,769.90 square kilometres (1,069.46 sq mi) and its permanent population as of 2010 is 741,230. The district borders the prefecture-level city of Yingkou to the north.
Qixia is a landlocked county-level city of the Shandong Peninsula,and is under the administration of Yantai City,Shandong province.
Wudi County is a county in the northwest of Shandong province,People's Republic of China,bordering Hebei province to the northwest and the Bohai Sea to the north. It is the northernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Binzhou.
Xinyi is a county-level city under the administration of Xuzhou,Jiangsu province,China. It borders the prefecture-level cities of Linyi (Shandong) to the north,Lianyungang to the northeast,and Suqian to the east and south.
Bayuquan District is a district of the city of Yingkou,Liaoning province,People's Republic of China. Located on the northeast coast of the Bohai Sea and in the northwest part of the Liaodong Peninsula,it is 46 kilometres (29 mi) south-southwest of Yingkou city centre. This small city is known for its seafood like fish and crabs which are shipped to all parts of the world. This District is also a tourism spot in the summer.