Far East | |||||||||||||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 遠東 | ||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 远东 | ||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | Far East | ||||||||||||||||
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Burmese name | |||||||||||||||||
Burmese | အရှေ့ဖျားဒေသ | ||||||||||||||||
IPA | [ʔəʃḛbjádèθa̰] | ||||||||||||||||
Vietnamese name | |||||||||||||||||
Vietnamese alphabet | Viễn Đông | ||||||||||||||||
ChữHán | 遠東 | ||||||||||||||||
Thai name | |||||||||||||||||
Thai | ตะวันออกไกล | ||||||||||||||||
RTGS | Tawan-ok Klai | ||||||||||||||||
Korean name | |||||||||||||||||
Hangul | 극동 | ||||||||||||||||
Hanja | 極東 | ||||||||||||||||
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Mongolian name | |||||||||||||||||
Mongolian Cyrillic | АлсДорнод Als Dornod | ||||||||||||||||
Japanese name | |||||||||||||||||
Kanji | 極東 | ||||||||||||||||
Hiragana | きょくとう | ||||||||||||||||
Katakana | キョクトウ | ||||||||||||||||
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Malay name | |||||||||||||||||
Malay | تيمورجاءوه Timur Jauh | ||||||||||||||||
Indonesian name | |||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | Timur Jauh | ||||||||||||||||
Filipino name | |||||||||||||||||
Tagalog | In Filipino:Kasilangánan Silangánan (poetic) Maláyong Silángan (literal) | ||||||||||||||||
Tamil name | |||||||||||||||||
Tamil | தூரகிழக்கு Tūra Kiḻakku | ||||||||||||||||
Portuguese name | |||||||||||||||||
Portuguese | Extremo Oriente | ||||||||||||||||
Russian name | |||||||||||||||||
Russian | ДальнийВосток IPA: [ˈdalʲnʲɪjvɐˈstok] | ||||||||||||||||
Romanization | Dál'niy Vostók | ||||||||||||||||
Lao name | |||||||||||||||||
Lao | ຕາເວັນອອກໄກ Taven-ok kai | ||||||||||||||||
Khmer name | |||||||||||||||||
Khmer | ចុងបូព៌ា Chong Bopea | ||||||||||||||||
Tetum name | |||||||||||||||||
Tetum | Dok Lorosa'e |
The Far East is the geographical region that encompasses the easternmost portion of the Asian continent,including East,North and Southeast Asia. [1] [2] South Asia is sometimes also included in the definition of the term. [3] [4]
The term first came into use in European geopolitical discourse in the 15th century,particularly the British,denoting the Far East as the "farthest" of the three "Easts",beyond the Near East and the Middle East. [5] Likewise,during the Qing dynasty of the 19th and early 20th centuries,the term "Tàixī (泰西)" –i.e.,anything further west than the Arab world –was used to refer to the Western countries.
Since the mid-20th century,the term has mostly gone out of use for the region in international mass media outlets due to its perceived eurocentric connotations. [6] [7] [8] North Asia is sometimes excluded due to cultural and ethnic differences. [9]
Among Western Europeans,prior to the colonial era,Far East referred to anything further east than the Middle East. In the 16th century,King John III of Portugal called India a "rich and interesting country in the Far East [10] (Extremo Oriente)." The term was popularized during the period of the British Empire as a blanket term for lands to the east of British India.
In pre-World War I European geopolitics,Near East referred to the relatively nearby lands of the Ottoman Empire,Middle East denoted north-western Southern Asian region and Central Asia,and the Far East meant countries along the western Pacific Ocean and eastern Indian Ocean. Many European languages have analogous terms,such as the French ( Extrême-Orient ),Spanish ( Extremo Oriente ),Portuguese ( Extremo Oriente ),Italian ( Estremo Oriente ),German ( Ferner Osten ),Polish ( Daleki Wschód ),Norwegian ( Det fjerne Østen ) and Dutch ( Verre Oosten ).
Significantly,the term evokes cultural as well as geographic separation;the Far East is not just geographically distant,but also culturally exotic. It never refers,for instance,to the culturally Western nations of Australia and New Zealand,which lie even farther to the east of Europe than East Asia itself. This combination of cultural and geographic subjectivity was well illustrated in 1939 by Robert Menzies,a Prime Minister of Australia. Reflecting on his country's geopolitical situation with the onset of war,Menzies commented that:"The problems of the Pacific are different. What Great Britain calls the Far East is to us the near north." [11]
Far East,in its usual sense,is comparable to terms such as the Orient (Latin for "East"), Eastern world ,or simply the East,all of which may refer,broadly,to East and South-East Asia in general. Occasionally,albeit more in the past,the Russian Far East and South Asia have been deemed to be part of the Far East.
Commenting on such terms,John K. Fairbank and Edwin O. Reischauer (both professors of East Asian Studies at Harvard University) wrote,in East Asia:The Great Tradition:
When Europeans traveled far to the east to reach Cathay, Japan and the Indies, they naturally gave those distant regions the general name 'Far East.' Americans who reached China, Japan and Southeast Asia by sail and steam across the Pacific could, with equal logic, have called that area the 'Far West.' For the people who live in that part of the world, however, it is neither 'East' nor 'West' and certainly not 'Far.' A more generally acceptable term for the area is 'East Asia,' which is geographically more precise and does not imply the outdated notion that Europe is the center of the civilized world. [8]
Today, the term remains in the names of some longstanding institutions, including the Far Eastern Federal University in Vladivostok, Far Eastern University in Manila, the Far East University in South Korea, and Far East, the periodical magazine of the Missionary Society of St. Columban. Furthermore, the United States and United Kingdom have historically incorporated Far East in the names of several military units and commands in the region, such as the British Royal Navy's Far East Fleet, for instance.
Organizations
Asia is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometers, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Its 4.7 billion people constitute roughly 60% of the world's population.
The influence and imperialism of Western Europe and associated states peaked in Asian territories from the colonial period beginning in the 16th century and substantially reducing with 20th century decolonization. It originated in the 15th-century search for trade routes to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia that led directly to the Age of Discovery, and additionally the introduction of early modern warfare into what Europeans first called the East Indies and later the Far East. By the early 16th century, the Age of Sail greatly expanded Western European influence and development of the spice trade under colonialism. European-style colonial empires and imperialism operated in Asia throughout six centuries of colonialism, formally ending with the independence of the Portuguese Empire's last colony Macau in 1999. The empires introduced Western concepts of nation and the multinational state. This article attempts to outline the consequent development of the Western concept of the nation state.
The Orient is a term referring to the East in relation to Europe, traditionally comprising anything belonging to the Eastern world. It is the antonym of the term Occident, which refers to the Western world.
Mainland is defined as "relating to or forming the main part of a country or continent, not including the islands around it [regardless of status under territorial jurisdiction by an entity]." The term is often politically, economically and/or demographically more significant than politically associated remote territories, such as exclaves or oceanic islands situated outside the continental shelf.
A subregion is a part of a larger region or continent. Cardinal directions are commonly used to define subregions. There are many criteria for creating systems of subregions; this article is focusing on the UN statistical geoscheme, which is a changing, constantly updated, UN tool based on specific political geography considerations relevant in UN statistics.
Geography of Asia reviews geographical concepts of classifying Asia, the central and eastern part of Eurasia, comprising 58 countries and territories.
The Asia–Pacific (APAC) is the region of the world adjoining the western Pacific Ocean. The region's precise boundaries vary depending on context, but countries and territories in Australasia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia are often included. In a wider context, Central Asia, North Asia, the Pacific Islands, South Asia, West Asia, and even Pacific-adjoining countries in the Americas can be included. For example, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) includes five countries in the New World. The term has become popular since the late 1980s in commerce, finance, and politics. Despite the heterogeneity of the regions' economies, most individual nations within the zone are emerging markets experiencing rapid growth. Sometimes, the notion of "Asia–Pacific excluding Japan" (APEJ) is considered useful.
The Sinosphere, also known as the Chinese cultural sphere, East Asian cultural sphere, or the Sinic world, encompasses multiple countries in East Asia and Southeast Asia that historically were heavily influenced by Chinese culture, norms and traditions. According to academic consensus, the Sinosphere comprises Greater China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Other definitions may include the regions of modern-day Mongolia and Singapore, largely due to limited historical Chinese influences or increasing modern-day Chinese diaspora. The Sinosphere is not to be confused with Sinophone, which indicates countries where a Chinese-speaking population is dominant.
This is a gallery of international and national flags used in Asia.
The United Nations geoscheme for Asia is an internal tool created and used by the United Nations, maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) for the specific purpose of UN statistics. The scheme's subregions are presented here in alphabetical order. Its subregions may not coincide with other geographic categorization schemes.
East Asia is a region of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The modern states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. Hong Kong and Macau, two coastal cities located in the south of China, are autonomous regions under Chinese sovereignty. The economies of Japan, South Korea, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau are some of the world's largest and most prosperous economies. East Asia borders Siberia and the Russian Far East to the north, Southeast Asia to the south, South Asia to the southwest, and Central Asia to the west. To the east is the Pacific Ocean and to the southeast is Micronesia.
A de facto embassy is an office or organisation that serves de facto as an embassy in the absence of normal or official diplomatic relations among countries, usually to represent nations which lack full diplomatic recognition, regions or dependencies of countries, or territories over which sovereignty is disputed. In some cases, diplomatic immunity and extraterritoriality may be granted.
The decolonisation of Asia was the gradual growth of independence movements in Asia, leading ultimately to the retreat of foreign powers and the creation of several nation-states in the region.
The Asia–Pacific and Middle East Region is a region that competes in the Little League World Series. Asian teams first competed in the LLWS in 1961, when Japanese teams competed in the original Pacific Region. In 1962, Japanese teams began competing in the newly created Far East Region.
The history of Japanese foreign relations deals with the international relations in terms of diplomacy, economics and political affairs from about 1850 to 2000. The kingdom was virtually isolated before the 1850s, with limited contacts through Dutch traders. The Meiji Restoration was a political revolution that installed a new leadership that was eager to borrow Western technology and organization. The government in Tokyo carefully monitored and controlled outside interactions. Japanese delegations to Europe brought back European standards which were widely imposed across the government and the economy. Trade flourished, as Japan rapidly industrialized.
East Asia–United States relations covers American relations with the region as a whole, as well as summaries of relations with China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and smaller places. It includes diplomatic, military, economic, social and cultural ties. The emphasis is on historical developments.
East Asian Canadians are Canadians who were either born in or can trace their ancestry to East Asia. East Asian Canadians are also a subgroup of Asian Canadians. According to Statistics Canada, East Asian Canadians are considered visible minorities and can be further divided by on the basis of both ethnicity and nationality, such as Chinese Canadian, Hong Kong Canadian, Japanese Canadian, Korean Canadian, Mongolian Canadian, Taiwanese Canadian, or Tibetan Canadian, as seen on demi-decadal census data.
Eastern culture, also known as Eastern civilization and historically as Oriental culture, is an umbrella term for the diverse cultural heritages of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies of the Eastern world.
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: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)For purposes of this Law, the standard spoken and written Chinese language means Putonghua (a common speech with pronunciation based on the Beijing dialect) and the standardized Chinese characters.