Far East | |||||||||||||||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 遠東 | ||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 远东 | ||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | Far East | ||||||||||||||||||
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Burmese name | |||||||||||||||||||
Burmese | အရှေ့ဖျားဒေသ | ||||||||||||||||||
IPA | [ʔəʃḛbjádèθa̰] | ||||||||||||||||||
Vietnamese name | |||||||||||||||||||
Vietnamese alphabet | Viễn Đông | ||||||||||||||||||
ChữHán | 遠東 | ||||||||||||||||||
Thai name | |||||||||||||||||||
Thai | ตะวันออกไกล | ||||||||||||||||||
RTGS | Tawan-ok Klai | ||||||||||||||||||
Korean name | |||||||||||||||||||
Hangul | 극동 | ||||||||||||||||||
Hanja | 極東 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Mongolian name | |||||||||||||||||||
Mongolian Cyrillic | АлсДорнод Als Dornod | ||||||||||||||||||
Japanese name | |||||||||||||||||||
Kanji | 極東 | ||||||||||||||||||
Hiragana | きょくとう | ||||||||||||||||||
Katakana | キョクトー | ||||||||||||||||||
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Malay name | |||||||||||||||||||
Malay | تيمورجاءوه Timur Jauh | ||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian name | |||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | Timur Jauh | ||||||||||||||||||
Filipino name | |||||||||||||||||||
Tagalog | ᜃᜐᜒᜎᜅᜈᜈ᜔ Kasilanganan ᜐᜒᜎᜅᜈᜈ᜔ Silanganan (poetic) ᜋᜎᜌᜓᜅ᜔ᜐᜒᜎᜅᜈ᜔ Malayong Silangan (literal) | ||||||||||||||||||
Tamil name | |||||||||||||||||||
Tamil | தூரகிழக்கு Tūra Kiḻakku | ||||||||||||||||||
Portuguese name | |||||||||||||||||||
Portuguese | Extremo Oriente | ||||||||||||||||||
Russian name | |||||||||||||||||||
Russian | ДальнийВосток IPA: [ˈdalʲnʲɪjvɐˈstok] | ||||||||||||||||||
Romanization | Dál'niy Vostók | ||||||||||||||||||
Lao name | |||||||||||||||||||
Lao | ຕາເວັນອອກໄກ Taven-ok kai | ||||||||||||||||||
Khmer name | |||||||||||||||||||
Khmer | ចុងបូព៌ា Chong Bopea | ||||||||||||||||||
Tetum name | |||||||||||||||||||
Tetum | Dok Lorosa'e |
The Far East is the geographical region that encompasses the easternmost portion of the Asian continent,including East,North,and Southeast Asia. [1] [2] South Asia is sometimes also included in the definition of the term. [3] [4] In modern times,the term Far East has widely fallen out of use and been substituted by Asia–Pacific, [5] while the terms Middle East and Near East,although now pertaining to different territories,are still commonly used today.
The term first came into use in European geopolitical discourse in the 15th century,particularly the British,denoting the Far East as the "farthest" of the three "Easts",beyond the Near East and the Middle East. [6] Likewise,during the Qing dynasty of the 19th and early 20th centuries,the term "Tàixī (泰西)" –i.e.,anything further west than the Arab world –was used to refer to the Western countries.
Since the mid-20th century,the term has mostly gone out of use for the region in international mass media outlets due to its perceived Eurocentric connotations. [7] [8] [9] North Asia is sometimes excluded due to cultural and ethnic differences. [10]
The term is still used in Russia to refer to its sparsely populated easternmost regions (being "far" in this case from the political,economic and cultural centres,Moscow and Saint Petersburg).
Among Western Europeans,prior to the colonial era,Far East referred to anything further east than the Middle East. In the 16th century,King John III of Portugal called India a "rich and interesting country in the Far East [11] (Extremo Oriente)." The term was popularized during the period of the British Empire as a blanket term for lands to the east of British India.
In pre-World War I European geopolitics,Near East referred to the relatively nearby lands of the Ottoman Empire,Middle East denoted north-western Southern Asian region and Central Asia,and the Far East meant countries along the western Pacific Ocean and eastern Indian Ocean. Many European languages have analogous terms,such as the French ( Extrême-Orient ),Spanish ( Extremo Oriente ),Portuguese ( Extremo Oriente ),Italian ( Estremo Oriente ),German ( Ferner Osten ),Polish ( Daleki Wschód ),Norwegian ( Det fjerne Østen ) and Dutch ( Verre Oosten ).
Significantly,the term evokes cultural as well as geographic separation;the Far East is not just geographically distant,but also culturally exotic. It never refers,for instance,to the culturally Western nations of Australia and New Zealand,which lie even farther to the east of Europe than East Asia itself. This combination of cultural and geographic subjectivity was well illustrated in 1939 by Robert Menzies,a Prime Minister of Australia. Reflecting on his country's geopolitical situation with the onset of war,Menzies commented that:"The problems of the Pacific are different. What Great Britain calls the Far East is to us the near north." [12]
Far East,in its usual sense,is comparable to terms such as the Orient (Latin for "East"), Eastern world ,or simply the East,all of which may refer,broadly,to East and South-East Asia in general. Occasionally,albeit more in the past,the Russian Far East and South Asia have been deemed to be part of the Far East.
Commenting on such terms,John K. Fairbank and Edwin O. Reischauer (both professors of East Asian Studies at Harvard University) wrote,in East Asia:The Great Tradition:
When Europeans traveled far to the east to reach Cathay, Japan and the Indies, they naturally gave those distant regions the general name 'Far East.' Americans who reached China, Japan and Southeast Asia by sail and steam across the Pacific could, with equal logic, have called that area the 'Far West.' For the people who live in that part of the world, however, it is neither 'East' nor 'West' and certainly not 'Far.' A more generally acceptable term for the area is 'East Asia,' which is geographically more precise and does not imply the outdated notion that Europe is the center of the civilized world. [9]
Today, the term remains in the names of some longstanding institutions, including the Far Eastern Federal University in Vladivostok, Far Eastern University in Manila, the Far East University in South Korea, and Far East, the periodical magazine of the Missionary Society of St. Columban. Furthermore, the United States and United Kingdom have historically incorporated Far East in the names of several military units and commands in the region, such as the British Royal Navy's Far East Fleet, for instance.
Organizations
Asia is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilisations. Its 4.7 billion people constitute roughly 60% of the world's population.
The Orient is a term referring to the East in relation to Europe, traditionally comprising anything belonging to the Eastern world. It is the antonym of the term Occident, which refers to the Western world.
Mainland is defined as "relating to or forming the main part of a country or continent, not including the islands around it [regardless of status under territorial jurisdiction by an entity]." The term is often politically, economically and/or demographically more significant than politically associated remote territories, such as exclaves or oceanic islands situated outside the continental shelf.
A subregion is a part of a larger geographical region or continent. Cardinal directions are commonly used to define subregions. There are many criteria for creating systems of subregions; this article is focusing on the United Nations geoscheme, which is a changing, constantly updated, UN tool based on specific political geography and demography considerations relevant in UN statistics.
Geography of Asia reviews geographical concepts of classifying Asia, comprising 58 countries and territories.
The Asia–Pacific (APAC) is the region of the world adjoining the western Pacific Ocean. The region's precise boundaries vary depending on context, but countries and territories in Australasia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia are often included. In a wider context, Central Asia, North Asia, the Pacific Islands, South Asia, West Asia, and even Pacific-adjoining countries in the Americas can be included. For example, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) includes five economies in the New World. The term has become popular since the late 1980s in commerce, finance, and politics. Despite the heterogeneity of the regions' economies, most individual nations within the zone are emerging markets experiencing significant growth. Sometimes, the notion of "Asia–Pacific excluding Japan" (APEJ) is considered useful.
The Sinosphere, also known as the Chinese cultural sphere, East Asian cultural sphere, or the Sinic world, encompasses multiple countries in East Asia and Southeast Asia that were historically heavily influenced by Chinese culture. The Sinosphere comprises Greater China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Other definitions may include the regions of modern-day Mongolia and Singapore, due either to historical Chinese influence or a contemporary overseas Chinese population. The Sinosphere is different from the Sinophone world, which indicates regions where the Chinese language is spoken.
This is a list of international, national and subnational flags used in Asia.
The United Nations geoscheme for Asia is an internal tool created and used by the United Nations, maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) for the specific purpose of UN statistics. The scheme's subregions are presented here in alphabetical order. Its subregions may not coincide with other geographic categorization schemes.
The People's Republic of China (PRC) shares land borders with 14 countries : North Korea, Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam. The land borders, in counterclockwise order from northeast to southwest, include the China–North Korea border, the eastern segment of the China–Russia border, the China–Mongolia border, the western segment of the China–Russia border, the China–Kazakhstan border, the China–Kyrgyzstan border, the China–Tajikistan border, the China–Afghanistan border, the China–Pakistan border, the western segment of the China–India border, the China–Nepal border, the central segment of the China–India border (Sikkim), the China–Bhutan border, the eastern segment of the China–India border, the China–Myanmar border, the China–Laos border, the China–Vietnam border. In addition, there is a 30-kilometre (19 mi) internal border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) internal border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999.
East Asia is a geographical and cultural region of Asia including China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. Additionally, Hong Kong and Macau are the two special administrative regions of China. The economies of China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan are among the world's largest and most prosperous. East Asia borders North Asia to the north, Southeast Asia to the south, South Asia to the southwest, and Central Asia to the west. To its east is the Pacific Ocean.
A de facto embassy is an office or organisation that serves de facto as an embassy in the absence of normal or official diplomatic relations among countries, usually to represent nations which lack full diplomatic recognition, regions or dependencies of countries, or territories over which sovereignty is disputed. In some cases, diplomatic immunity and extraterritoriality may be granted.
The Asia–Pacific and Middle East Region is a region that competes in the Little League World Series. Asian teams first competed in the LLWS in 1961, when Japanese teams competed in the original Pacific Region. In 1962, Japanese teams began competing in the newly created Far East Region.
Jurubaça was a term for interpreter in the Portuguese colonies of Southeast Asia and the Far East, particularly in Macau. The term is prevalent in mid-sixteenth- through eighteenth-century documents. According to the Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, a Jurubaça was an “Antigo intérprete da Malásia e do Extremo Oriente,” an ancient interpreter in Malaysia and the Far East. The word derives from Malay jurubassa, which translates as a person who is an interpreter. The earliest document utilizing the word iurubaças dates from the sixteenth century.
The history of Japanese foreign relations deals with the international relations in terms of diplomacy, economics and political affairs from about 1850 to 2000. The kingdom was largely isolated before the 1850s, with limited contacts through Dutch traders. The Meiji Restoration was a political revolution that installed a new leadership that was eager to borrow Western technology and organization. The government in Tokyo carefully monitored and controlled outside interactions. Japanese delegations to Europe brought back European standards which were widely imposed across the government and the economy. Trade flourished, and Japan rapidly industrialized. In the late 19th century Japan defeated China, and acquired numerous colonies, including Formosa and Okinawa. The rapid advances in Japanese military prowess led to the Russo-Japanese War, the first time a non-Western nation defeated a European power. Imperialism continued as it took control of Korea, and began moving into Manchuria. Its only military alliance was with Great Britain, from 1902 to 1923. In the First World War, it joined the Entente powers, and seized many German possessions in the Pacific and in China.
East Asia–United States relations covers American relations with the region as a whole, as well as summaries of relations with China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and smaller places. It includes diplomatic, military, economic, social and cultural ties. The emphasis is on historical developments.
East Asian Canadians are Canadians who were either born in or can trace their ancestry to East Asia. East Asian Canadians are also a subgroup of Asian Canadians. According to Statistics Canada, East Asian Canadians are considered visible minorities and can be further divided by on the basis of both ethnicity and nationality, such as Chinese Canadian, Hong Kong Canadian, Japanese Canadian, Korean Canadian, Mongolian Canadian, Taiwanese Canadian, or Tibetan Canadian, as seen on demi-decadal census data.
Eastern culture, also known as Eastern civilization and historically as Oriental culture, is an umbrella term for the diverse cultural heritages of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies of the Eastern world.
For purposes of this Law, the standard spoken and written Chinese language means Putonghua (a common speech with pronunciation based on the Beijing dialect) and the standardized Chinese characters.