Northwestern South Asia

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Northwestern South Asia
India Pakistan Border Wagha (15027737723).jpg
A handshake between soldiers at the India–Pakistan border.
Countries
Time zones UTC+05:30; UTC+05:45; UTC+06:00
Calling codes
Religions Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Irreligion, Sikhism
Ethnic groups Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Tibeto-Burmese

Northwestern South Asia is a geographical area in South Asia. It includes the Indus Valley region of modern-day Pakistan, and the Punjab state of India.

Contents

Northwestern South Asia is the site of one of the first civilisations of the world, the Indus Valley Civilisation. [1] [2] It was historically the most-conquered region of South Asia because it is the first region that invading armies coming from the west had to cross to enter the Indian subcontinent; [3] notable conquests include the Indian campaign of Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and several Muslim invasions from the 8th century CE to the 18th century. [4] [5] Because of these many invasions, Northwestern South Asia has significant influences from various sources outside of South Asia, mainly from the Muslim world. Prior to Islamic influence, the region was largely Hindu and Buddhist, and was home to hotbeds of Buddhist activity such as Gandhara. [6]

Definition

History

Modern era

The end of colonial rule in the region saw most Indian Muslims in Northwestern South Asia become part of the new nation of Pakistan during the 1947 Partition of India. [7]

The 20th and 21st centuries saw Afghanistan invaded several times, with the Taliban having intermittently been in charge of the country. [8]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Decline of the Indus River Valley Civilization (c. 3300-1300 BCE)". Climate in Arts and History. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  2. ↑ Thornton, Christopher P.; Cable, Charlotte (2016), Introduction: Between Two Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, ISBN   978-1-934536-06-3 , retrieved 5 October 2023
  3. ↑ South Asia’s Geography of Conflict https://www.files.ethz.ch/ Robert D. Kaplan
  4. ↑ Thornton, Christopher P.; Cable, Charlotte (2016), Introduction: Between Two Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, ISBN   978-1-934536-06-3 , retrieved 5 October 2023
  5. ↑ Anjum, Tanvir (2007). "The Emergence of Muslim Rule in India: Some Historical Disconnects and Missing Links". Islamic Studies. 46 (2): 217–240. ISSN   0578-8072. JSTOR   20839068.
  6. ↑ Neelis, Jason (2010). Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange within and beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia. Brill. ISBN   978-90-04-19458-8.
  7. ↑ "Why the Partition of India and Pakistan still casts a long shadow over the region". History. 2 August 2022. Archived from the original on 2 August 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  8. ↑ "A historical timeline of Afghanistan". PBS NewsHour. 4 May 2011. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
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