Comparison of Hokkien writing systems

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The chart below compares a number of different writing systems for Hokkien, including bopomofo, kana, Hangul, various romanizations, and Chinese characters. [1]

Contents

Comparison chart

Vowels
IPA Pe̍h-ōe-jī Tâi-lô TLPA BP MLT DT Kana Phonetic Symbols Hangul Example
Traditional Simplified
aaaaaaaアア
apapapapapab/apāp/apアㇷ゚ㄚㆴ
atatatatatad/atāt/atアッㄚㆵ
akakakakakag/akāk/akアㇰㄚㆻ
ahahahahaq/ahāh/ahアァㄚㆷ
ãaⁿannann/aNnavaann/aⁿアア
ɔooooooooオオ
ɔkokokokokog/okokオㇰㆦㆻ
ɔ̃oⁿonnoonn/ooNnoovoonn/oⁿオオ
əooooøorオオ
oヲヲ
eeeeeeeエエ
eⁿennenn/eNneveenn/eⁿエエ
iiiiiiiイイ
iɛnianianianianienian/enイェヌㄧㄢ
iəŋengingingingengingイェンㄧㄥ
iəkekikikikeg/ekikイェㇰㄧㆻ
ĩiⁿinninn/iNniviinn/iⁿイイ
aiaiaiaiaiaiaiアイ
aiⁿainnainn/aiNnaivaiainn/aiⁿアイ
auauauauauauauアウ
amamamamamamamアム
ɔmomomomomomomオム
mmmmmm
ɔŋongongongongongongオン
ŋ̍ngngngngngng
uuuuuuuウウ
uaoauauauaoauaヲアㄨㄚ
ueoeueueueoeueヲエㄨㆤ
uaioaiuaiuaiuaioaiuaiヲァイㄨㄞ
uanoanuanuanuanoanuanヲァヌㄨㄢ
ɨiiririiiウウ
(i)ũ(i)uⁿ(i)unn(i)unn/uNn(i)uv(i)u(i)unn/uⁿウウ
Consonants
IPA Pe̍h-ōe-jī Tâi-lô TLPA BP MLT DT Kana Phonetic Symbols Hangul Example
Traditional Simplified
ppppbpbパア
bbbbbbbbhバア
phphphpphpパ̣ア
mmmmbbmmマア
ttttdtdタア
thththtthtタ̣ア
nnnnnnnナア
nngnngnnglngnngnngヌンㄋㆭ
lllllllラア
kkkkgkgカア
ɡggggggghガア
khkhkhkkhkカ̣ア
hhhhhhhハア
tɕichitsiziziciziチイ
ʑijijijilijirジイ
tɕʰichhitshicicichiciチ̣イ
ɕisisisisisisiシイ
tschtszzzz
dzjjjljrザア
tsʰchhtshcczhcサ̣
sssssssサア
Tones
Tone name IPA Pe̍h-ōe-jī Tâi-lô TLPA BP MLT DT Kana (normal vowels) Kana (nasal vowels) Phonetic Symbols Hangul Example
Traditional Simplified
Yin level (陰平 1)aaa1āafaアアアア U+1AFF7.svg
Yin rising (陰上 2)a˥˧ááa2ǎaràアア U+1AFF0.svg アア U+1AFF8.svg ㄚˋ
Yin departing (陰去 3)a˨˩ààa3àaxâアア U+1AFF1.svg アア U+1AFF9.svg ㄚ˪
Yin entering (陰入 4)ap˩

at˩ak˩aʔ˩

ap

at ak ah

aha4āp

āt āk āh

ab

ad ag aq

āp

āt āk āh

アㇷ゚ U+1AFF2.svg

アッ U+1AFF2.svg アㇰ U+1AFF2.svg アァ U+1AFF2.svg

アㇷ゚ U+1AFFA.svg

アッ U+1AFFA.svg アㇰ U+1AFFA.svg アァ U+1AFFA.svg

ㄚㆴ

ㄚㆵ ㄚㆻ ㄚㆷ

Yang level (陽平 5)a˧˥ââa5ǎaaǎアア U+1AFF3.svg アア U+1AFFB.svg ㄚˊ
Yang rising (陽上 6)ǎǎa6aar 
Yang departing (陽去 7)āāa7âaāアア U+1AFF5.svg アア U+1AFFD.svg ㄚ˫
Yang entering (陽入 8)ap˥

at˥ak˥aʔ˥

a̍p

a̍t a̍k a̍h

a̍ha8áp

át ák áh

ap

at ak ah

ap

at ak ah

アㇷ゚ U+1AFF6.svg

アッ U+1AFF6.svg アㇰ U+1AFF6.svg アァ U+1AFF6.svg

アㇷ゚ U+1AFFE.svg

アッ U+1AFFE.svg アㇰ U+1AFFE.svg アァ U+1AFFE.svg

ㄚㆴ˙

ㄚㆵ˙ ㄚㆻ˙ ㄚㆷ˙

High rising (9)a˥˥ăa9  á   昨昏昨昏
Neutral (0)--a--aha0 ~aå    

See also

References

    • Iûⁿ Ún-giân; Tiuⁿ Ha̍k-khiam (1999). "台灣福佬話非漢字拼音符號的回顧與分析 (Comparison and Analysis of non-Character Transcription Systems for Taiwanese Holo)" (in Chinese). Tainan: National Cheng Kung University. Archived from the original on 2007-11-16. Retrieved 2009-12-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)