There are dozens of ethnic groups in Guizhou province of China that are not officially recognized. These ethnic groups and their languages include: [1] [2]
Group | Population | Official classification | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|
Liujia 六甲人 | 152 | Han | Rongjiang County |
Chenzhou 辰州人 | - | Han | Pingtang County |
Nanjing 南京人 | 61,171 | Han | Bijie, Anshun, Liupanshui prefectures |
Laba 喇叭 | 60,000+ | Miao | Qinglong, Pu'an, Liuzhi, Shuicheng, Pan, Longli counties |
Xijia 西家 | 9,000+ | Miao | Kaili, Duyun, Majiang |
Mojia 莫家 | 17,017 | Buyi | Border region of Dushan and Libo counties |
Qixingmin 七姓民 | 7,589 | Bai | Shuicheng, Weining, Hezhang counties |
Changpao Yao 长袍瑶, Youmairen 油迈人 | 300+ | Yao | Libo, Wangmo counties |
Lu 卢人 | 7,747 | Manchu | Border region of Qianxi, Jinsha, Dafang counties |
Yi, Yiren or Yizi and Gau 羿人, 羿子 | 1,015 | Gelao / Han | Bijie Prefecture |
Xialusi 下路司, Diao 刁人 | 984 | Dong | Congjiang County |
Sanqiao 三撬 | 2,374 | Miao or Dong | Liping County |
Limin 里民 | 70,000 | Yi | Qinglong, Guanling, Zhenning, Shuicheng counties |
Mulao 木佬 | 28,000 | Mulao | Majiang, Duyun, Fuquan, Weng'an counties |
Yanghuang 佯僙 | 40,000 | Maonan | Pingtang, Dushan, Huishui, Luodian counties |
Raojia 绕家 | 9,000+ | Yao | Majiang, Duyun counties |
Dongjia 东家 | 40,000+ | She | Majiang, Kaili, Duyun, Fuquan counties |
Longjia 龙家 | 10,000+ | Bai | Bijie, Anshun, Liupanshui prefectures |
Gejia⿰ 亻革家 | 40,000 | Huangping, Kaili, Guanling, Shibing counties | |
Caijia 蔡家 | 20,000 | Qianxi, Bijie, Nayong, Hezhang, Zhijin, Shuicheng, Liuzhi counties | |
Chuanqing 穿青 | 600,000+ | Han | Bijie, Anshun, Liupanshui precfectures |
The Gelao people are an ethnic group of China and Vietnam. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. However, many Gelao are also variously classified as Yi, Miao, and Zhuang by the Chinese government.
The Hmu language, also known as Qiandong Miao, Central Miao (中部苗语), East Hmongic, or Black Miao, is a dialect cluster of Hmongic languages of China. The best studied dialect is that of Yǎnghāo (养蒿) village, Taijiang County, Guizhou Province.
Gelao is a Kra language in the Kra–Dai language family. It is spoken by the Gelao people in southern China and northern Vietnam. Despite an ethnic population of 580,000, only a few thousand still speak Gelao in China. Estimates run from 3,000 in China by Li in 1999, of which 500 are monolinguals, to 7,900 by Edmondson in 2008. Edmondson (2002) estimates that the three Gelao varieties of Vietnam have only about 350 speakers altogether.
The Kam or Gam language, also known as Dong, is a Kam–Sui language spoken by the Dong people. Ethnologue distinguishes three Kam varieties as separate but closely related languages.
Bijie is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Guizhou Province, China, bordering Sichuan to the north and Yunnan to the west.
Funing County is located in Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in the east of Yunnan province, China. It is the easternmost county-level division of Yunnan, bordering Guangxi to the north, east and southeast, and Vietnam's Hà Giang Province to the south.
Qiubei County is under the administration of the Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in southeast Yunnan province, China.
Liuzhi Special District is a district of Guizhou, China. It was known as Langdai Country before 1960. The county is under the administration of Liupanshui city, located in the western part of Guizhou Province. It is bounded by Zhijing and Nayong to the north, Guanling to the south, Zhenning and Puding to the east, Shuichen to the west, as well as Qinglong and Pu'an to the southwest. The area is approximately 1,792 km2 (692 sq mi). The population is 729,000. There are about 32 ethnic minorities and they account for 30.52% of the population.
The Then language is a Kam–Sui language spoken in Pingtang and Huishui counties, southern Guizhou. It is spoken by the Yanghuang 佯僙 people, many of whom are officially classified as Maonan by the Chinese government.
The West Hmongic languages, also known as Chuanqiandian Miao and Western Miao, are a major branch of the Hmongic languages of China and Southeast Asia.
Cao Miao is a variety of Dong (Kam) according to Shi Lin (2012). Dialects include Liushi ("Sixty") Miao 六十苗, Sishi ("Forty") Miao 四十苗, and Ershi ("Twenty") Miao 二十苗. The Flowery Miao 花苗 do not consider themselves to be Cao Miao 草苗, although their language is similar to Sixty Miao and Forty Miao.
Caijia is an endangered Sino-Tibetan language spoken in an area centred on Bijie, in the west of the Chinese province of Guizhou. It was first documented by Chinese researchers in the 1980s. It has been described by different authors as a relative of Bai or an early split from Old Chinese. The autonym is. According to Lu (2022), Caijia speakers in Xingfa 兴发乡, Hezhang County refer to their language as.
The Qixingmin are an officially unrecognized ethnic group of western Guizhou province, China. They are officially classified as Bai by the Chinese government. The Qixingmin speak a Yi (Loloish) language known as Luoji. The Guizhou Province Ethnic Gazeteer (2002:692) reports that, in 1982, there were about 700 speakers among the more easterly Qixingmin.
The Longjia are an unofficially recognized ethnic group of western Guizhou province, China. They are officially classified as Bai by the Chinese government.
The Greater Bai or simply Bai languages are a putative group of Sino-Tibetan languages proposed by Zhengzhang, a linguist, in 2010, who argues that Bai and Caijia are sister languages. In contrast, Sagart (2011) argues that Caijia and the Waxiang language of northwestern Hunan constitute an early split off from Old Chinese. Additionally, Longjia and Luren are two extinct languages of western Guizhou closely related to Caijia.
Longjia is a Sino-Tibetan language of Guizhou, China related to Caijia and Luren. Longjia may already be extinct.
Lu, or Luren (卢人), is an extinct Sino-Tibetan language of Guizhou, China. The Luren language may have been extinct since the 1960s.
Xiqi is an unclassified Loloish language of Huaning County, Yunnan, China. It is also called Siqipo 斯期颇 in Mile County.