This article needs additional citations for verification .(March 2014) |
Jialing River | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese | 嘉陵 江 | ||||||||
Literal meaning | Excellent Mound River | ||||||||
|
Former names | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ba River | |||||||||
Chinese | 巴 水 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Lang River | |||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 閬 水 | ||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 阆 水 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Yu River | |||||||||
Chinese | 渝 水 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Little River | |||||||||
Chinese | 小河 | ||||||||
|
The Jialing River, [lower-alpha 1] formerly known by numerous other names,is a major tributary of the Yangtze River in the Sichuan Basin. [2] It is named after the Jialing Valley in Feng County,Shaanxi through which it flows.
The Jialing River's most notable characteristic was formerly its pellucid green waters. [3] It is also notable for its sinuous course in its lower reaches. From Zhangwang Miao (Temple of Zhangfei) in Langzhong to the mouth,the distance as the crow flies is 223 kilometres (139 mi). However the river itself travels 680 kilometres (420 mi). The most tortuous part of its course is between Nanchong and Wusheng County.
The name Jialing did not come into general use until the Tang Dynasty. [4] Before that,it was generally known as the Ba, [4] although it also appears as the Lang and Yu as well.[ citation needed ] In the 19th century,it was known by the Sichuanese as the Small [3] [5] or Little River, [6] [lower-alpha 2] by comparison with the Jinsha and Yangtze.
The source of the Jialing,in name,is in the Jialin,which means "the tomb of Jia (嘉陵)" in Chinese. Jia (赵代王嘉) was the last king of State Zhao (赵国),who was kidnapped to State Qin (now called Tianshui,Gansu Province,甘肃省 天水市) after Qin defeated Zhao. [7] The river briefly flows through Gansu before reentering Shaanxi and then crossing south into Sichuan.
The longest stem of the Jialing River,however,can be traced to a source in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan and the entire river is 1,345 kilometres (836 mi) long. [8] This source is located at the head of the Baozuo River,considered a tributary of the Bailong River,itself the primary tributary and main stem of the Jialing River system. The branches named Jialing and Bailong meet in Guangyuan in Sichuan and continue as the Jialing to the Yangtze. The river reaches the floor of the Sichuan Basin at Langzhong and continues in a sinuous route into Chongqing and its junction with the Yangtze River.
Besides the Bailong River which forms a portion of the main stem,the largest tributaries of the Jialing River include the Xihan River,the Fu River (also known as Sui He),and the Qu River. The Xihan meets the Jialing in Shaanxi,while both the Fu and the Qu join the Jialing's respective right and left banks in Hechuan,Chongqing.
The cities along the Jialing's course include Tianshui,Baoji,Longnan,Guangyuan,Langzhong,Nanchong,and Chongqing. Cities found within the Jialing's basin and along its tributaries include Tianshui,Baoji,Longnan,Longnan,Mianyang,Suining,Bazhong,Wanyuan,Dazhou,and Guang'an.
A total of 151 species of fish inhabit the river,of which 51 species are endemic to the Yangtze River basin. [9]
The Han and Jialing basins were the heartland of the ancient state of Ba,whose major cities were located at the sites of their tributaries' confluences. [10] The Jialing assumed greater importance when Chu expanded up the Han during the 5th and 4th centuries BC. [11]
The Jialing figures in one of the legends surrounding the Tang-era artist Wu Daozi. During the Kaiyuan Era of the Emperor Xuanzong,Wu was commissioned to depict the course of the Jialing and sent to Sichuan to travel its length for the work. Supposedly,he returned to the imperial palace and completed it in a single day from memory. [12] [13] It is sometimes added that his technique was foiled by Li Sixun,who accompanied him and followed the traditional practice of working slowly from numerous prepared sketches. [14] To the extent that it is grounded in a real event,however,it probably only reflects Wu's speed of execution and not a lack of reliance on sketches. [15]
Around 1880,four out of Chongqing's 24 shipping guilds were concerned with shipping along the Jialing. [16] Chongqing,Lingshi,Lezhi,and Hechuan all developed shipyards. [17] In the 1920s,five of Chongqing's eight ferry guilds plied routes across the Jialing. [18]
Following the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949,the river was repeatedly dredged and straightened until it was navigable throughout the year by the early 1970s. [19]
Sichuan is a province in Southwest China occupying most of the Sichuan Basin and the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau between the Jinsha River on the west, the Daba Mountains in the north and the Yungui Plateau to the south. Sichuan's capital city is Chengdu. The population of Sichuan stands at 83 million. Sichuan neighbors are Qinghai to the northwest, Gansu to the north, Shaanxi to the northeast, Chongqing to the east, Guizhou to the southeast, Yunnan to the south, and the Tibet Autonomous Region to the west.
The Sichuan Basin, formerly transliterated as the Szechwan Basin, sometimes called the Red Basin, is a lowland region in southwestern China. It is surrounded by mountains on all sides and is drained by the upper Yangtze River and its tributaries. The basin is anchored by Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, in the west, and the direct-administered municipality of Chongqing in the east. Due to its relative flatness and fertile soils, it is able to support a population of more than 100 million. In addition to being a dominant geographical feature of the region, the Sichuan Basin also constitutes a cultural sphere that is distinguished by its own unique customs, cuisine and dialects. It is famous for its rice cultivation and is often considered the breadbasket of China. In the 21st century its industrial base is expanding with growth in the high-tech, aerospace, and petroleum industries.
Langzhong is a county-level city in northeastern Sichuan province, China, located on the middle reaches of the Jialing River. It is administered as part of the prefecture-level city of Nanchong. Langzhong has a total population of 880,000, with 250,000 residing in the urban area.
Guangyuan is a prefecture-level city in Sichuan Province, China, bordering the provinces of Shaanxi to the northeast and Gansu to the northwest. The city has a population of 2,305,657 as of the 2020 census.
Longnan is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of Gansu province in China. It borders Sichuan on its south and Shaanxi on its east. As of the 2020 Chinese census, the population of the prefecture-level city was 2,855,555.
Jialing may refer to:
Panlong may refer to:
Wudu District is a district and the political and cultural centre of Longnan, Gansu province, China. It borders the provinces of Shaanxi and Sichuan to the southeast. It has a population of 590,000, of which 110,000 live in the urban area.
Li County or Lixian is an administrative division of the prefecture-level city of Longnan in southeastern Gansu, a northwestern province of China. The 2010 Chinese census found a population of 458,237, a decline of around 25,000 from the year 2000 but still placing it second in size within its prefecture.
Bikou Town (碧口镇) is a town under Wen County, in Longnan, Gansu. It is located along the Bailong River, just downstream of the Bikou Dam. In 2008 it had a population of 16,901.
The Bailong River or Khuchu, Drukchu is a 576km-long river in the Yangtze River basin. From its source to confluence with the Jialing River, the Bailong is actually longer and is thus the main stem of the Jialing River system. The scenic Jiuzhaigou reserve is found along one of the Bailong's tributaries. Two reservoirs have been constructed in Wen County. The reservoirs serve to provide hydroelectricity, aquaculture, flood control, irrigation and for tourism development.
Qu River is a river of in China's Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality. It is a left tributary of the Jialing River, which in its turn is a left tributary of the Yangtze; it is thus part of the East China Sea basin. Its length is 720 km.
Fu River, or Fu Jiang is a river of in China's Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality. It is a right tributary of the Jialing River, which in its turn is a left tributary of the Yangtze; it is thus part of the East China Sea basin.
The Daba Mountains, also known by their Chinese name as the Dabashan, are a mountain range in Central China between the watersheds of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. Part of the larger Qinling mountain range, it cuts through four provinces: Sichuan, Chongqing, Shaanxi, and Hubei. It is about 1,000 kilometers (620 mi) long.
The Baoji–Chengdu railway or Baocheng railway, is a mixed single- and double-track, electrified, railroad in China between Baoji in Shaanxi province and Chengdu in Sichuan province. The Baocheng Line is the main railway connection between the northern/northwestern and southwestern China. The line has a total length of 668.2 km and passes through mostly mountainous terrain in southern Shaanxi, eastern Gansu and northern Sichuan. It opened in 1961 as the first rail outlet from Sichuan, and in 1975 became the first railway in China to be electrified. Other cities along route include Mianyang, Guangyuan, Guanghan and Lueyang.
Xi'an–Chengdu high-speed railway or Xi'an-Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line, is a dual-track, electrified, high-speed rail line in Western China between Xi'an and Chengdu, respectively the provincial capitals of Shaanxi and Sichuan. This line, which commenced operations on 6 December 2017, runs 510 km (320 mi) through Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces and accommodates trains traveling at speeds up to 250 km/h (160 mph). Travel time between the two provincial capitals was reduced from 16 to less than three hours.
Shaannan or Southern Shaanxi refers to the portion of China's Shaanxi province south of the Qinling Mountains. Its name derives from the province's abbreviation "Shaan" (陕) combined with the word "Nan", its geographical location within the province.
The name Fu River may refer to several rivers in China:
Lanzhou–Chongqing railway or Lanyu railway is a higher-speed railway in China connecting Lanzhou and Chongqing. Construction started in 2010, last segment of the railway was opened for service in September 2017. The line allows trains to travel between Chongqing and Lanzhou, Gansu via Nanchong and Guangyuan, Sichuan.