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Empress He,personal name unknown,posthumously known as Empress Lingsi,was an empress of the Eastern Han dynasty. She was the second empress consort of Emperor Ling and the mother of Emperor Shao. After the death of Emperor Ling in 189,she became empress dowager when her young son,Liu Bian,became the new emperor. She was caught up in the conflict between her brother,General-in-Chief He Jin,and the eunuch faction,who were both vying for power in the Han imperial court. After He Jin's assassination and the elimination of the eunuch faction,the warlord Dong Zhuo took advantage of the power vacuum to lead his forces into the imperial capital and seize control of the Han central government. Dong Zhuo subsequently deposed Emperor Shao replaced him with Liu Xie and had Empress Dowager He poisoned to death.
Chen Shou,courtesy name Chengzuo (承祚),was a Chinese historian,politician,and writer who lived during the Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty of China. Chen Shou is best known for his most celebrated work,the Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi),which records the history of the late Eastern Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period. Chen Shou wrote the Sanguozhi primarily in the form of biographies of notable persons of those eras. Today,Chen's Records of the Three Kingdoms is part of the Twenty-Four Histories canon of Chinese history.
Yan Yan was a Chinese military general and politician who served under Liu Zhang,the Governor of Yi Province,during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Although there is very little information about Yan Yan in historical records,he is given a much prominent role in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms as a general who initially serves under Liu Zhang before switching allegiance to Liu Bei later.
Zhang Yi,courtesy name Junsi,was an official of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Huang Quan,courtesy name Gongheng,was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlords Liu Zhang and Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty and in the state of Shu Han during the early Three Kingdoms period before defecting to Cao Wei. Liu Bei relied heavily on Huang Quan for counsel in both domestic and foreign policy. Under the Wei government,however,Huang Quan was restricted to only internal affairs because even though the Wei emperor Cao Pi appreciated him for his talent,he doubted Huang Quan's allegiance and believed he was still secretly loyal to Liu Bei.
Deng Zhi,courtesy name Bomiao,was a government official,diplomat and military general of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. A descendant of Deng Yu,Deng Zhi started his career in the late Eastern Han dynasty under the warlord Liu Bei as a low-level officer in Pi County. After Liu Bei discovered his talent,Deng Zhi steadily rose through the ranks to become a county prefect and later a commandery administrator and imperial secretary. In 223,the Shu regent Zhuge Liang sent him as Shu's envoy to meet Sun Quan,the ruler of Shu's ally state Wu,and reestablish the Wu–Shu alliance against their common rival state Wei. Deng Zhi succeeded in his mission and earned praise from Sun Quan for strengthening Wu–Shu ties. In 227,Deng Zhi became a military general and he participated in the first Shu invasion of Wei by leading a decoy force with Zhao Yun to distract the Wei general Cao Zhen. Although they lost the battle,Deng Zhi and Zhao Yun managed to rally their troops to put up a firm defence during their retreat and minimise their losses. Following Zhuge Liang's death in 234,Deng Zhi rose to higher general ranks and was stationed in present-day Chongqing for about 10 years before he was recalled back to the Shu capital Chengdu in his 70s to serve as General of Chariots and Cavalry. In 248,he suppressed a rebellion in Fuling. He died in 251.
Luo Xian,courtesy name Lingze,was a military general of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263,he continued serving under the Cao Wei state,then the succeeding Jin dynasty in 266. He is best known for defending his position at Yong'an for about six months against attacks from Shu's former ally state Wu after the fall of Shu.
Huo Yi,courtesy name Shaoxian,was a military general of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. His father,Huo Jun,served under Liu Bei,the founding emperor of Shu. During his service under the Shu emperor Liu Shan,Huo Yi suppressed tribal rebellions in the restive Nanzhong region and maintained peace in the area. After Shu was conquered by its rival state Cao Wei in 263,Huo Yi surrendered to the Wei regime and was permitted to remain in charge of keeping the peace in Nanzhong. In return,Huo Yi became a Wei subject and continued serving under the Jin dynasty,which replaced the Wei regime in 266.
Liu Bei's takeover of Yi Province was a military campaign by the warlord Liu Bei in taking control of Yi Province from the provincial governor,Liu Zhang. The campaign took place between the years 211 and 214 in the late Eastern Han dynasty;although the conflict between Liu Bei and Liu Zhang started in January or February 213 when the latter discovered the former secret communications and subsequently executed Zhang Song. It concluded with victory for Liu Bei and his successful takeover of the province from Liu Zhang in July 214. Yi Province would serve as the foundation of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period.
Meng Yi was a Chinese military general and politician. As an official of the Qin dynasty,he served in the court of Qin Shi Huang. He was a younger brother of the general Meng Tian. After Qin Shi Huang's death,Meng Yi and his brother were executed by Qin Er Shi on the urging of Zhao Gao.
Ying Bu was a Chinese military general,monarch,politician,and warlord who lived during the early Han dynasty. He was a native of Lu County. In his early life under the Qin dynasty,Ying Bu was convicted and sentenced to qing,so he was also called Qing Bu (黥布). He was then sent to Mount Li to perform hard labour by constructing Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum. He later escaped with some men and became the leader of a bandit gang. Ying Bu participated in the insurrection against the Qin dynasty after the Dazexiang Uprising broke out in 209 BC. After the uprising failed,he became part of a rebel force led by Xiang Liang. He assisted Xiang Liang's nephew and successor Xiang Yu in overthrowing the Qin dynasty. After the fall of Qin,he initially fought on Xiang Yu's side in the Chu–Han Contention,a power struggle for supremacy over China between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang. However,later,he defected to Liu Bang's side and helped Liu defeat Xiang Yu and become the emperor. During this period of time,Ying Bu held the title "King of Jiujiang". In c.August 203,Liu Bang appointed Ying Bu as a vassal king and granted him the title "King of Huainan". In 196 BC,Ying Bu rebelled against the Han dynasty but was defeated and killed.
The Battle of Handan began in 259 BC and concluded in 257 BC,during which the garrison of Handan,the capital city of Zhao,joined by the allied force of Wei and Chu,defeated the invading army of Qin. It was one of the most remarkable failures of the Qin army after the Reform of Shang Yang.
Li Miao,courtesy name Hannan,was an official of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlord Liu Zhang and later Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty.
Tao Huang,courtesy name Shiying,was a Chinese military general and politician in Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period and later for the Jin dynasty (266–420). Tao Huang was most notable for his administration of Jiaozhou for more than twenty years,during the Eastern Wu and Western Jin eras. He was also responsible for Wu's victory against Jin in Jiao between 268 and 271,one of the few major victories Wu had over Jin in the final years of the Three Kingdoms.
You Ziyuan was a minister and military general of Han-Zhao during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. He helped Liu Yao defeat a major rebellion in 320 when the non-Xiongnu tribes in the Guanzhong region rose up against him.
Yang Nandi was a ruler of Chouchi during the Jin dynasty (266–420) and Sixteen Kingdoms period. He was the son of Yang Maosou who founded Chouchi in 296. During his reign,attacks on Chouchi by Former Zhao and Cheng-Han became more frequent. Nandi met these with mixed results,sometimes having to resort to vassalage,but was ultimately successful in preserving the survival of Chouchi.
Zhang Chai was a minister of Later Zhao during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. He was a close ally to Shi Hu's empress,Empress Liu,who helped her establish themselves as the paramount leaders of Zhao through her son Shi Shi following the death of Shi Hu in 349. The pair attempted to centralize their power and eliminate their rivals,but a popular coup led by Shi Zun saw their reign barely lasting a month as they were removed and subsequently executed. Despite the coup,it would soon be known as the beginning of a bigger power struggle within the Shi family over the throne that led to the destruction of Later Zhao in 351 in the hands of Ran Min.
Wen Li,courtesy name Guangxiu,was an official and scholar of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263,he continued serving under the Cao Wei state,then the succeeding Jin dynasty in 266.
Murong Han,courtesy name Yuanyong,was a Xianbei military general of the Former Yan dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. He was an accomplished commander under his father,Murong Hui,and was most known for his victory over the Yuwen tribe in the Battle of Jicheng in 319. After his half-brother,Murong Huang,succeeded their father in 333,he was forced to flee due to Huang's suspicion of him. For seven years,he served the Murong clan's rival tribes,the Duan and Yuwen,but was eventually welcomed back by Huang shortly after the latter declared himself Prince of Yan. Han was an vital figure in the early years of Former Yan as he played roles in the state's success against Goguryeo and the Yuwen. However,he soon caught the suspicion of Huang once more,and was finally forced to commit suicide.
He Pan (244–301),courtesy name Huixing,was an official and scholar of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263,he continued serving under the Jin dynasty,which succeeded Cao Wei state in 266.