List of prime ministers of India

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The prime minister of India is the chief executive of the Government of India and chair of the Union Council of Ministers. [1] [2] Although the president of India is the constitutional, nominal, and ceremonial head of state, [3] [4] [5] [6] in practice and ordinarily, the executive authority is vested in the prime minister and their chosen Council of Ministers. [7] [8] [6] The prime minister is the leader elected by the party with a majority in the lower house of the Indian parliament, the Lok Sabha, which is the main legislative body in the Republic of India. [9] The prime minister and their cabinet are at all times responsible to the Lok Sabha. [10] [11] The prime minister can be a member of the Lok Sabha or of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the parliament. The prime minister ranks third in the order of precedence.

Contents

Jnehru.jpg
IndiraGandhi.png
Morarji Desai During his visit to the United States of America (cropped).jpg
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg
Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh Official Portrait, 2009.jpg
Official Photograph of Prime Minister Narendra Modi Portrait.png
  • Top left: Jawaharlal Nehru was the first and the longest-serving prime minister in Indian history.
  • Top center: Indira Gandhi was the first and only woman to serve as prime minister.
  • Top right: Morarji Desai was the first non-Congress prime minister.
  • Bottom left: Atal Bihari Vajpayee was the first non-Congress prime minister to complete a full 5 year term.
  • Bottom center: Manmohan Singh was the first prime minister from a minority religion.
  • Bottom right: Narendra Modi is the only prime minister to be born in independent India and is the longest-serving non-Congress prime minister.

The prime minister is appointed by the president of India; however, the prime minister has to enjoy the confidence of the majority of Lok Sabha members, who are directly elected every five years, unless a prime minister resigns. The prime minister is the presiding member of the Council of Ministers of the Union government. The prime minister unilaterally controls the selection and dismissal of members of the council; and allocation of posts to members within the government. This council, which is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha as per Article 75(3), assists the president regarding the operations under the latter's powers; however, by the virtue of Article 74 of the Constitution, such 'aid and advice' tendered by the council is binding.

Since 1947, India has had 14 prime ministers. [lower-alpha 1] Jawaharlal Nehru was India's first prime minister, serving as prime minister of the Dominion of India from 15 August 1947 until 26 January 1950, and thereafter of the Republic of India until his death in May 1964. (India conducted its first post-independence general elections in 1952). Earlier, Nehru had served as prime minister of the Interim Government of India during the British Raj from 2 September 1946 until 14 August 1947, his party, the Indian National Congress having won the 1946 Indian provincial elections. Nehru was succeeded by Lal Bahadur Shastri, whose 1 year 7-month term ended in his death in Tashkent, then in the USSR, where he had signed the Tashkent Declaration between India and Pakistan. [12] Indira Gandhi, Nehru's daughter, succeeded Shastri in 1966 to become the country's first female prime minister. [13] Eleven years later, her party the Indian National Congress lost the 1977 Indian general election to the Janata Party, whose leader Morarji Desai became the first non-Congress prime minister. [14] After Desai resigned in 1979, his former associate Charan Singh briefly held office until the Congress won the 1980 Indian general election and Indira Gandhi returned as prime minister. [15] Her second term as prime minister ended five years later on 31 October 1984, when she was assassinated by her bodyguards. [13] Her son Rajiv Gandhi was sworn in as India's youngest premier. Members of Nehru–Gandhi family have been prime minister for approximately 38 years. [16]

After a general election loss, Rajiv Gandhi's five-year term ended; his former cabinet colleague, Vishwanath Pratap Singh of the Janata Dal, formed the year-long National Front coalition government in 1989. A seven-month interlude under prime minister Chandra Shekhar followed, after which the Congress party returned to power, forming the government under P. V. Narasimha Rao in June 1991, Rajiv Gandhi having been assassinated earlier that year. [17] Rao's five-year term was succeeded by four short-lived governments—Atal Bihari Vajpayee from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) for 13 days in 1996, a year each under United Front prime ministers H. D. Deve Gowda and Inder Kumar Gujral, and Vajpayee again for 13 months in 1998–1999. [17] In 1999, Vajpayee's National Democratic Alliance (NDA) won the general election, the first non-Congress alliance to do so, and he served a full five-year term as prime minister. [18] The Congress, and its United Progressive Alliance won the general elections in 2004 and 2009, Manmohan Singh serving as prime minister between 2004 and 2014. [19] The BJP won the 2014 Indian general election, and its parliamentary leader Narendra Modi formed the first non-Congress single party majority government. [20] The BJP goes on to win the 2019 Indian general election with a bigger margin than last time, granting a second term for the incumbent Modi government. [21] In 2024 Indian general election, incumbent BJP losses majority but remains the single largest party in the country, and BJP and its National Democratic Alliance forms the government. Modi becomes the prime minister for the third consecutive time, second only to do so after the first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. [22] [23]

List of prime ministers of India

Key

Colour key (for political coalitions/parties):

No.PortraitName
(born died)
Constituency
Age when assumed officeTerm of office & elections
Duration in years and days
Concurrent ministerial positionsPartyGovernmentHead of State
(Tenure)
1 Jnehru.jpg Jawaharlal Nehru
(1889–1964)
MP for United Provinces
(Constituent Assembly, 1947-1952)
MP for Phulpur (1952-1964)
57 years, 274 days15 August
1947
27 May
1964 [†]
16 years, 286 days Indian National Congress Nehru I George VI [lower-alpha 2]
(1947–1950)
Rajendra Prasad
(1950–1962)
1951–52 Nehru II
1957 Nehru III
1962 Nehru IV Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
(1962–1967)
Acting Gulzarilal Nanda 1.jpg Gulzarilal Nanda
(1898–1998)
MP for Sabarkantha
65 years, 328 days27 May
1964
9 June
1964
13 days Nanda I
2 Lal Bahadur Shastri (cropped).jpg Lal Bahadur Shastri
(1904–1966)
MP for Allahabad
62 years, 250 days9 June
1964
11 January
1966 [†]
1 year, 216 days Shastri
Acting Gulzarilal Nanda 1.jpg Gulzarilal Nanda
(1898–1998)
MP for Sabarkantha
67 years, 191 days11 January
1966
24 January
1966
13 days Nanda II
3 IndiraGandhi.png Indira Gandhi
(1917–1984)
MP for Uttar Pradesh
(Rajya Sabha, 1966–1967)
MP for Rae Bareli (1967–1977)
48 years, 66 days24 January
1966
24 March
1977
11 years, 59 days Indira I
1967 Indira II Zakir Husain
(1967–1969)
V. V. Giri
(1969)
(Acting)
Mohammad Hidayatullah
(1969)
(Acting)
V. V. Giri
(1969–1974)
1971 Indian National Congress (R) Indira III
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
(1974–1977)
B. D. Jatti
(1977)
(Acting)
4 Morarji Desai During his visit to the United States of America (cropped).jpg Morarji Desai
(1896–1995)
MP for Surat
81 years, 24 days24 March
1977
28 July
1979 [RES]
2 years, 126 days 1977
Janata Party Desai
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
(1977–1982)
5 Prime minister Charan Singh (cropped).jpg Charan Singh
(1902–1987)
MP for Baghpat
76 years, 217 days28 July
1979
14 January
1980 [RES]
170 daysNone Janata Party (Secular) Charan
(3) IndiraGandhi.png Indira Gandhi
(1917–1984)
MP for Medak
62 years, 56 days14 January
1980 [§]
31 October
1984 [†]
4 years, 291 days 1980 Indian National Congress (I) Indira IV
Zail Singh
(1982–1987)
6 Rajiv Gandhi, the 6th PM of India.jpg Rajiv Gandhi
(1944–1991)
MP for Amethi
40 years, 72 days31 October
1984
2 December
1989
5 years, 32 days Rajiv I
1984 Rajiv II Ramaswamy Venkataraman
(1987–1992)
7 V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg Vishwanath Pratap Singh
(1931–2008)
MP for Fatehpur
58 years, 160 days2 December
1989
10 November
1990 [NC]
343 days 1989 Janata Dal Vishwanath
8 Chandra Shekhar Singh 2010 stamp of India.jpg Chandra Shekhar
(1927–2007)
MP for Ballia
63 years, 207 days10 November
1990
21 June
1991 [RES]
223 days Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) Chandra Shekhar
9 Visit of Narasimha Rao, Indian Minister for Foreign Affairs, to the CEC (cropped)(2).jpg P. V. Narasimha Rao
(1921–2004)
MP for Nandyal
69 years, 358 days21 June
1991
16 May
1996
4 years, 330 days 1991 Indian National Congress (I) Rao
Shankar Dayal Sharma
(1992–1997)
10 Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(1924–2018)
MP for Lucknow
71 years, 143 days16 May
1996
1 June
1996 [RES]
16 days 1996 Bharatiya Janata Party Vajpayee I
11 H. D. Deve Gowda BNC.jpg H. D. Deve Gowda
(born 1933)
MP for Karnataka (Rajya Sabha)
63 years, 14 days1 June
1996
21 April
1997 [RES]
324 days Janata Dal
(United Front)
Deve Gowda
12 Inder Kumar Gujral 071.jpg Inder Kumar Gujral
(1919–2012)
MP for Bihar (Rajya Sabha)
77 years, 138 days21 April
1997
19 March
1998 [RES]
332 days Gujral
K. R. Narayanan
(1997–2002)
(10) Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(1924–2018)
MP for Lucknow
73 years, 84 days19 March
1998 [§]
22 May
2004
6 years, 64 days 1998 Bharatiya Janata Party
(National Democratic Alliance)
Vajpayee II
1999 Vajpayee III
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
(2002–2007)
13 Official Portrait of the Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.jpg Manmohan Singh
(born 1932)
MP for Assam (Rajya Sabha)
71 years, 239 days22 May
2004
26 May
2014
10 years, 4 days 2004 Indian National Congress
(United Progressive Alliance)
Manmohan I
Pratibha Patil
(2007–2012)
2009 Manmohan II
Pranab Mukherjee
(2012–2017)
14 Official Photograph of Prime Minister Narendra Modi Portrait.png Narendra Modi
(born 1950)
MP for Varanasi
63 years, 251 days26 May
2014
Incumbent10 years, 160 days 2014 Bharatiya Janata Party
(National Democratic Alliance)
Modi I
Ram Nath Kovind
(2017–2022)
2019 Modi II
Droupadi Murmu
(2022–present)
2024 Modi III

List of prime ministers by length of term

No.NamePartyLength of term
Longest continuous termTotal years of premiership
1 Jawaharlal Nehru INC 16 years, 286 days16 years, 286 days
2 Indira Gandhi INC/INC(I)/INC(R) 11 years, 59 days15 years, 350 days
3 Narendra Modi BJP 10 years, 160 days*10 years, 160 days*
4 Manmohan Singh INC 10 years, 4 days10 years, 4 days
5 Atal Bihari Vajpayee BJP 6 years, 64 days6 years, 80 days
6 Rajiv Gandhi INC(I) 5 years, 32 days5 years, 32 days
7 P. V. Narasimha Rao INC(I) 4 years, 330 days4 years, 330 days
8 Morarji Desai JP 2 years, 126 days2 years, 126 days
9 Lal Bahadur Shastri INC 1 year, 216 days1 year, 216 days
10 Vishwanath Pratap Singh JD 343 days343 days
11 Inder Kumar Gujral JD 332 days332 days
12 H. D. Deve Gowda JD 324 days324 days
13 Chandra Shekhar SJP(R) 223 days223 days
14 Charan Singh JP(S) 170 days170 days
15 Gulzarilal Nanda INC 13 days26 days
Timeline
Narendra ModiManmohan SinghInder Kumar GujralH. D. Deve GowdaAtal Bihari VajpayeeP. V. Narasimha RaoChandra ShekharV. P. SinghRajiv GandhiCharan SinghMorarji DesaiIndira GandhiLal Bahadur ShastriGulzarilal NandaJawaharlal NehruList of prime ministers of India

Lifespan of Prime Ministers

Narendra ModiManmohan SinghInder Kumar GujralH. D. Deve GowdaAtal Bihari VajpayeeP. V. Narasimha RaoChandra ShekharVishwanath Pratap SinghRajiv GandhiCharan SinghMorarji DesaiIndira GandhiLal Bahadur ShastriJawaharlal NehruList of prime ministers of India

List by party

Fraction of time of holding PMO by party (as of August 2024)

   Janata Dal (3.55%)
   Janata Party (3.05%)
Political parties by total timespan of their member holding PMO (as of 2 November 2024)
No.Political partyNumber of Prime ministersTotal years of holding PMO
1 INC/INC(I)/INC(R) 754 years, 123 days
2 BJP 216 years, 240 days
3 JD 32 years, 269 days
4 JP 12 years, 126 days
5 SJP(R) 1223 days
6 JP(S) 1170 days

Parties by total duration (in years) of holding Prime Minister's Office

10
20
30
40
50
60
INC
BJP
JD
JP
JP(S)
SJP(R)

See also

Footnotes

Notes

  1. 15 including Gulzarilal Nanda who twice acted in the role, of which 7 having at least one full term, ruling country for about 70 years.
  2. Governors-General:
    Lord Louis Mountbatten
    (1947–1948),
    C. Rajagopalachari
    (1948–1950)

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References

  1. Pillay, Anashri (2019), "The Constitution of the Republic of India", in Masterman, Roger; Schütze, Robert (eds.), Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law, Cambridge University Press, pp. 146–147, doi:10.1017/9781316716731, ISBN   978-1-107-16781-0, LCCN   2019019723, S2CID   219881288, The head of government is the Prime Minister.
  2. Dam, Shubhankar (2016), "Executive", in Choudhry, Sujit; Khosla, Madhav; Mehta, Pratap Bhanu (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 307, ISBN   978-0-19-870489-8, The Prime Minister is the head of government.
  3. Pillay, Anashri (2019), "The Constitution of the Republic of India", in Masterman, Roger; Schütze, Robert (eds.), Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law, Cambridge University Press, pp. 146–147, doi:10.1017/9781316716731, ISBN   978-1-107-16781-0, LCCN   2019019723, S2CID   219881288, An elected President is the nominal head of state but exercises little power.
  4. Majeed, Akhtar (2005), "Republic of India", in Kincaid, John; Tarr, G. Alan (eds.), Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries, A Global Dialogue on Federalism, Volume I, Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press for Forum of Federation and International Association of Centers for Federal Studies, pp. 180–207, 185, ISBN   0-7735-2849-0, ...The president is the constitutional head. (p. 185)
  5. Dam, Shubhankar (2016), "Executive", in Choudhry, Sujit; Khosla, Madhav; Mehta, Pratap Bhanu (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 307, ISBN   978-0-19-870489-8, The President is the head of the Union of India
  6. 1 2 Singh, Nirvikar (2018), "Holding India Together: The Role of Institutions of Federalism", in Mishra, Ajit; Ray, Tridip (eds.), Markets, Governance, and Institutions: In the Process of Economic Development, Oxford University Press, pp. 300–323, 306, ISBN   978-0-19-881255-5
  7. Majeed, Akhtar (2005), "Republic of India", in Kincaid, John; Tarr, G. Alan (eds.), Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries, A Global Dialogue on Federalism, Volume I, Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press for Forum of Federation and International Association of Centers for Federal Studies, pp. 180–207, 185, ISBN   0-7735-2849-0, ...the executive authority is vested in the prime minister and in their Council of Ministers. (p. 185)
  8. Dam, Shubhankar (2016), "Executive", in Choudhry, Sujit; Khosla, Madhav; Mehta, Pratap Bhanu (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 307, ISBN   978-0-19-870489-8, Executive power, ordinarily, is exercised by Prime Minister.
  9. Pillay, Anashri (2019), "The Constitution of the Republic of India", in Masterman, Roger; Schütze, Robert (eds.), Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law, Cambridge University Press, pp. 146–147, doi:10.1017/9781316716731, ISBN   978-1-107-16781-0, LCCN   2019019723, S2CID   219881288, ... Like the British system, there are two houses of parliament the Lok Sabha, which has 545 members, is the main legislative body. In practice, it is the party with a majority in the Lok Sabha which elects its leader as the Prime Minister.
  10. Dam, Shubhankar (2016), "Executive", in Choudhry, Sujit; Khosla, Madhav; Mehta, Pratap Bhanu (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 307, ISBN   978-0-19-870489-8, Along with his or her cabinet, the Prime Minister is responsible to the Lower House of Parliament.
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