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This is a list of prime ministers of Syria since 1920.
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This is a list of prime ministers of Syria since 1920.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Political party | Note(s) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
| Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920) | ||||||||
| 1 |  | Rida Pasha al-Rikabi رضا باشا الركابي (1864–1943) | 9 March 1920 | 3 May 1920 | 55 days | Independent | Previously Military Governor in the Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (1 October 1918 – 14 December 1919) | |
| — |  | Hashim al-Atassi هاشم الأتاسي (1875–1960) | 3 May 1920 | 25 July 1920 | 83 days | Independent | ||
| 2 |  | Aladdin Al-Droubi علاء الدين الدروبي (1870–1920) | 26 July 1920 | 21 August 1920 | 26 days | Independent | ||
| 3 |  | Jamil al-Ulshi جميل الألشي (1883–1951) | 6 September 1920 | 30 November 1920 | 85 days | Independent | ||
| State of Syria (under French mandate; 1925–1930) | ||||||||
| 4 |  | Subhi Bey Barakat صبحي بك بركات الخالدي (1889–1939) | 26 January 1925 | 21 December 1925 | 329 days | Independent | ||
| — |  | Taj al-Din al-Hasani تاج الدين الحسني (1885–1943) | 29 December 1925 | 6 January 1926 | 8 days | Independent | ||
| 5 |  | Ahmad Nami أحمد نامي (1873–1962) | 27 April 1926 | 9 February 1928 | 1 year, 288 days | Independent | ||
| 6 | | Taj al-Din al-Hasani تاج الدين الحسني (1885–1943) | 15 April 1928 | 14 May 1930 | 2 years, 29 days | Independent | ||
| First Syrian Republic (1930–1950) | ||||||||
| Mandatory Syrian Republic (1930–1946) | ||||||||
| (6) | | Taj al-Din al-Hasani تاج الدين الحسني (1885–1943) | 14 May 1930 | 19 November 1931 | 1 year, 189 days | Independent | ||
| 7 |  | Haqqi al-Azm حقي العظم (1864–1955) | 7 June 1932 | 16 March 1934 | 1 year, 282 days | Independent | ||
| 8 | | Taj al-Din al-Hasani تاج الدين الحسني (1885–1943) | 16 March 1934 | 22 February 1936 | 1 year, 343 days | Independent | ||
| 9 |  | Ata Bey al-Ayyubi عطا الأيوبي (1877–1951) | 22 February 1936 | 21 December 1936 | 303 days | Independent | ||
| 10 |  | Jamil Mardam Bey جميل مردم بك (1894–1960) | 21 December 1936 | 18 February 1939 | 2 years, 59 days | National Bloc | ||
| 11 |  | Lutfi al-Haffar لطفي الحفار (1885–1968) | 23 February 1939 | 13 March 1939 | 18 days | National Bloc | ||
| 12 |  | Nasuhi al-Bukhari نصوحي البخاري (1881–1961) | 6 April 1939 | 9 July 1939 | 94 days | Independent | ||
| 13 |  | Khalid al-Azm خالد العظم (1903–1965) | 4 April 1941 | 21 September 1941 | 170 days | Independent | ||
| 14 | | Hassan al-Hakim حسن الحكيم (1886–1982) | 21 September 1941 | 19 April 1942 | 210 days | Independent | ||
| 15 | | Husni al-Barazi حسني البرازي (1895–1975) | 19 April 1942 | 10 January 1943 | 266 days | Independent | ||
| 16 | | Jamil al-Ulshi جميل الألشي (1883–1951) | 10 January 1943 | 25 March 1943 | 74 days | Independent | ||
| 17 | | Ata Bey al-Ayyubi عطا الأيوبي (1877–1951) | 25 March 1943 | 17 August 1943 | 145 days | Independent | ||
| 18 |  | Saadallah al-Jabiri سعد الله الجابري (1891–1948) | 19 August 1943 | 14 October 1944 | 56 days | National Bloc | ||
| 19 |  | Fares al-Khoury فارس الخوري (1877–1962) | 14 October 1944 | 1 October 1945 | 352 days | National Bloc | ||
| 20 | | Saadallah al-Jabiri سعد الله الجابري (1891–1948) | 1 October 1945 | 17 April 1946 | 198 days | National Bloc | ||
| Independent First Syrian Republic (1946–1950) | ||||||||
| (20) | | Saadallah al-Jabiri سعد الله الجابري (1891–1948) | 17 April 1946 | 16 December 1946 | 243 days | National Bloc | ||
| — | | Khalid al-Azm خالد العظم (1903–1965) | 16 December 1946 | 29 December 1946 | 13 days | Independent | ||
| 21 | | Jamil Mardam Bey جميل مردم بك (1894–1960) | 29 December 1946 | 17 December 1948 | 1 year, 354 days | National Bloc | ||
| 22 | | Khalid al-Azm خالد العظم (1903–1965) | 17 December 1948 | 30 March 1949 | 103 days | Independent | ||
| 23 |  | Husni al-Za'im حسني الزعيم (1897–1949) | 17 April 1949 | 26 June 1949 | 70 days | Syrian Social Nationalist Party | ||
| 24 |  | Muhsin al-Barazi محسن البرازي (1904–1949) | 26 June 1949 | 14 August 1949 | 49 days | Independent | ||
| 25 | | Hashim al-Atassi هاشم الأتاسي (1875–1960) | 17 August 1949 | 24 December 1949 | 129 days | People's Party | ||
| 26 |  | Nazim al-Qudsi ناظم القدسي (1906–1998) | 24 December 1949 | 27 December 1949 | 3 days | People's Party | ||
| 27 | | Khalid al-Azm خالد العظم (1903–1965) | 27 December 1949 | 4 June 1950 | 159 days | Independent | ||
| 28 | | Nazim al-Qudsi ناظم القدسي (1906–1998) | 4 June 1950 | 5 September 1950 | 93 days | People's Party | ||
| Second Syrian Republic (1950–1958) | ||||||||
| (28) | | Nazim al-Qudsi ناظم القدسي (1906–1998) | 5 September 1950 | 27 March 1951 | 203 days | People's Party | ||
| 29 | | Khalid al-Azm خالد العظم (1903–1965) | 27 March 1951 | 9 August 1951 | 135 days | Independent | ||
| 30 | | Hassan al-Hakim حسن الحكيم (1886–1982) | 9 August 1951 | 13 November 1951 | 96 days | Independent | ||
| — |  | Zaki al-Khatib زكي الخطيب (1887–1961) | 13 November 1951 | 28 November 1951 | 15 days | People's Party | ||
| 31 | | Maarouf al-Dawalibi معروف الدواليبي (1909–2004) | 28 November 1951 | 29 November 1951 | 1 day | People's Party | ||
| 32 |  | Fawzi Selu فوزي سلو (1905–1972) | 3 December 1951 | 19 July 1953 | 1 year, 228 days | Military | Selu had no power, real power laid in the hands of Adib Shishakli. [1] | |
| 33 |  | Adib Shishakli أديب الشيشكلي (1909–1964) | 19 July 1953 | 25 February 1954 | 221 days | Arab Liberation Movement | Shishakli resigned from office because of threats of a coup in 1954. [2] He fled the country, claiming that he did not want the country to fall into a civil war. [2] | |
| 34 |  | Sabri al-Asali صبري العسلي (1903–1976) | 1 March 1954 | 19 June 1954 | 110 days | National Party | ||
| 35 |  | Said al-Ghazzi سعيد الغزي (1893–1967) | 19 June 1954 | 3 November 1954 | 137 days | Independent | ||
| 36 | | Fares al-Khoury فارس الخوري (1877–1962) | 3 November 1954 | 13 February 1955 | 102 days | People's Party | ||
| 37 | | Sabri al-Asali صبري العسلي (1903–1976) | 13 February 1955 | 13 September 1955 | 212 days | National Party | ||
| 38 | | Said al-Ghazzi سعيد الغزي (1893–1967) | 13 September 1955 | 14 June 1956 | 275 days | Independent | ||
| 39 | | Sabri al-Asali صبري العسلي (1903–1976) | 14 June 1956 | 22 February 1958 | 1 year, 253 days | National Party | ||
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Political party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
| 40 |  | Nur al-Din Kahala نور الدين كحالة (1908–1965) | 7 October 1958 | 20 September 1960 | 1 year, 349 days | National Union | |
| 41 |  | Abdel Hamid al-Sarraj عبد الحميد السراج (1925–2013) | 20 September 1960 | 16 August 1961 | 330 days | National Union | |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Political party | Government | Note(s) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
| Second Syrian Republic (Syrian Arab Republic; 1961–1963) | |||||||||
| 42 |  | Maamun al-Kuzbari مأمون الكزبري (1914–1998) | 29 September 1961 | 20 November 1961 | 52 days | Independent | al-Kuzbari | Kuzbari took office following the 1961 coup d'état, which dissolved the United Arab Republic. | |
| 43 |  | Izzat al-Nuss عزت النص (1912–1976) [3] | 20 November 1961 | 14 December 1961 | 24 days | Military | al-Nuss | ||
| 44 | | Maarouf al-Dawalibi معروف الدواليبي (1909–2004) | 22 December 1961 | 28 March 1962 | 96 days | People's Party | al-Dawalibi | ||
| 45 |  | Bashir al-Azma بشير العظَمة (1910–1992) | 16 April 1962 | 14 September 1962 | 151 days | Independent | al-Azma | ||
| 46 | | Khalid al-Azm خالد العظم (1903–1965) | 17 September 1962 | 9 March 1963 | 173 days | Independent | al-Azm | The 1963 coup d'état, an event known as the 8th of March Revolution, toppled Azm and brought the National Council for the Revolutionary Command (NCRC) to government, although real power lay with the Ba'athist Military Committee, which organized the coup. [4] | |
| Ba'athist Syria (Syrian Arab Republic; 1963–2024) | |||||||||
| 47 |  | Salah al-Din al-Bitar صلاح الدين البيطار (1912–1980) | 9 March 1963 | 11 May 1963 | 63 days | Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | al-Bitar I | ||
| — | | Sami al-Jundi سامي الجندي (1921–1996) | 11 May 1963 | 13 May 1963 | 2 days | Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | al-Bitar I | ||
| (47) | | Salah al-Din al-Bitar صلاح الدين البيطار (1912–1980) | 13 May 1963 | 11 November 1963 | 182 days | Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | al-Bitar II–III | ||
| 48 |  | Amin al-Hafiz أمين الحافظ (1921–2009) | 12 November 1963 | 13 May 1964 | 183 days | Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | al-Hafiz I | ||
| 49 | | Salah al-Din al-Bitar صلاح الدين البيطار (1912–1980) | 14 May 1964 | 3 October 1964 | 142 days | Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | al-Bitar IV | ||
| 50 | | Amin al-Hafiz أمين الحافظ (1921–2009) | 4 October 1964 | 22 September 1965 | 353 days | Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | al-Hafiz II | ||
| 51 |  | Yusuf Zuayyin يوسف زعيّـن (1931–2016) | 22 September 1965 | 21 December 1965 | 90 days | Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | Zuayyin I | ||
| 52 | | Salah al-Din al-Bitar صلاح الدين البيطار (1912–1980) | 1 January 1966 | 23 February 1966 | 53 days | Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | al-Bitar V | Bitar was overthrown by the Military Committee because of his support for Michel Aflaq and the National Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. [5] | |
| 53 | | Yusuf Zuayyin يوسف زعيّـن (1931–2016) | 1 March 1966 | 29 October 1968 | 2 years, 242 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | Zuayyin II | ||
| 54 |  | Nureddin al-Atassi نور الدين الأتاسي (1929–1992) | 29 October 1968 | 18 November 1970 | 2 years, 20 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | al-Atassi | Atassi was overthrown when a falling out occurred between Salah Jadid, the real ruler of Syria from 1966 to 1970, and Hafez al-Assad, the Minister of Defense. [6] Assad initiated the Corrective Movement in 1970. [7] | |
| 55 |  | Hafez al-Assad حافظ الأسد (1930–2000) | 21 November 1970 | 3 April 1971 | 133 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | al-Assad | ||
| 56 |  | Abdul Rahman Khleifawi عبد الرحمن خليفاوي (1930–2009) | 3 April 1971 | 21 December 1972 | 1 year, 262 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | Khleifawi I | ||
| 57 | | Mahmoud al-Ayyubi محمود الأيوبي (1932–2013) | 21 December 1972 | 7 August 1976 | 3 years, 230 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | al-Ayyubi | ||
| 58 | | Abdul Rahman Khleifawi عبد الرحمن خليفاوي (1930–2009) | 7 August 1976 | 27 March 1978 | 1 year, 232 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | Khleifawi II | ||
| 59 |  | Muhammad Ali al-Halabi محمد علي الحلبي (1937–2016) | 27 March 1978 | 9 January 1980 | 1 year, 288 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | al-Halabi | ||
| 60 |  | Abdul Rauf al-Kasm عبد الرؤوف الكسم (born 1932) | 9 January 1980 | 1 November 1987 | 7 years, 296 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | al-Kasm | ||
| 61 |  | Mahmoud Al-Zoubi محمود الزعبي (1935–2000) | 1 November 1987 | 7 March 2000 | 12 years, 127 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | Al-Zoubi | ||
| 62 | | Muhammad Mustafa Mero محمد مصطفى ميرو (1941–2020) | 7 March 2000 | 10 September 2003 | 3 years, 187 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | Mero I–II | ||
| 63 |  | Muhammad Naji al-Otari محمد ناجي عطري (born 1944) | 10 September 2003 | 14 April 2011 | 7 years, 216 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | Naji al-Otari | ||
| 64 | | Adel Safar عادل سفر (born 1953) | 14 April 2011 | 23 June 2012 | 1 year, 70 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | Safar | ||
| 65 |  | Riyad Farid Hijab رياض فريد حجاب (born 1966) | 23 June 2012 | 6 August 2012 | 44 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | Hijab | Defected to the opposition during the civil war. [8] [9] | |
| — | | Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji عمر ابراهيم غلاونجي (born 1954) | 6 August 2012 | 9 August 2012 | 3 days | Independent [10] | Hijab | ||
| 66 |  | Wael Nader al-Halqi وائل نادر الحلقي (born 1964) | 9 August 2012 | 3 July 2016 | 3 years, 329 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | al-Halqi I–II | ||
| 67 |  | Imad Khamis عماد خميس (born 1961) | 3 July 2016 | 11 June 2020 | 3 years, 344 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | Khamis | ||
| 68 |  | Hussein Arnous حسين عرنوس (born 1953) | 11 June 2020 | 14 September 2024 | 4 years, 95 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | Arnous I–II | ||
| 69 | | Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali محمد غازي الجلالي (born 1969) | 14 September 2024 | 8 December 2024 | 85 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) | al-Jalali | ||
| Transitional period (2024–present) | |||||||||
| — | | Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali محمد غازي الجلالي (born 1969) | 8 December 2024 | 10 December 2024 | 2 days | Independent | Transitional | Served as caretaker until al-Bashir assumed power. | |
| 70 |  | Mohammed al-Bashir محمد البشير (born 1983) | 10 December 2024 | Incumbent | 13 days | Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham | Transitional | Previously Prime Minister of the Syrian Salvation Government. | |
Hafez al-Assad was a Syrian politician and military officer who served as the 18th president of Syria from 1971 until his death in 2000. He had previously served as prime minister of Syria from 1970 to 1971 as well as regional secretary of the regional command of the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and secretary general of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party from 1970 to 2000. Hafez al-Assad was a key participant in the 1963 Syrian coup d'état, which brought the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power in the country, a power that lasted until the fall of the regime in 2024, then led by his son Bashar.
Michel Aflaq was a Syrian philosopher, sociologist and Arab nationalist. His ideas played a significant role in the development of Ba'athism and its political movement; he is considered by several Ba'athists to be the principal founder of Ba'athist thought. He published various books during his lifetime, such as The Road to Renaissance (1940), The Battle for One Destiny (1958) and The Struggle Against Distorting the Movement of Arab Revolution (1975).
Salah Jadid was a Syrian military officer and politician who was the leader of the far-left bloc of the Syrian Regional Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the country's de facto leader from 1966 until 1970, when he was ousted by Hafez al-Assad's Corrective Movement.
Shukri al-Quwatli was the first president of post-independence Syria, in 1943. He began his career as a dissident working towards the independence and unity of the Ottoman Empire's Arab territories and was consequently imprisoned and tortured for his activism. When the Kingdom of Syria was established, Quwatli became a government official, though he was disillusioned with monarchism and co-founded the republican Independence Party. Quwatli was immediately sentenced to death by the French who took control over Syria in 1920. Afterward, he based himself in Cairo where he served as the chief ambassador of the Syrian-Palestinian Congress, cultivating particularly strong ties with Saudi Arabia. He used these connections to help finance the Great Syrian Revolt (1925–1927). In 1930, the French authorities pardoned Quwatli and thereafter, he returned to Syria, where he gradually became a principal leader of the National Bloc. He was elected president of Syria in 1943 and oversaw the country's independence three years later.
Salah al-Din al-Bitar was a Syrian politician who co-founded the Baʿath Party with Michel Aflaq in the early 1940s. As students in Paris in the early 1930s, the two formulated a doctrine that combined aspects of nationalism and socialism. Bitar later served as prime minister in several early Ba'athist governments in Syria but became alienated from the party as it grew more radical. In 1966 he fled the country, lived mostly in Europe and remained politically active until he was assassinated in Paris in 1980 by unidentified hitmen linked to the regime of Hafez al-Assad.
Riad Reda Al Solh was the first prime minister of Lebanon after the country's independence. Solh was one of the most important figures in Lebanon's struggle for independence, who was able to unite the various religious groups. He is considered one of the founders of Lebanon.
The 1966 Syrian coup d'état refers to events between 21 and 23 February during which the government of the Syrian Arab Republic was overthrown and replaced. The ruling National Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party were removed from power by a union of the party's Military Committee and the Regional Command, under the leadership of Salah Jadid.
The 1963 Syrian coup d'état, labelled in Ba'athist historiography as the "March 8 Revolution", was the seizure of power in Syria by the military committee of the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. The planning and the unfolding conspiracy of the Syrian Ba'athist operatives were prompted by the Ba'ath party's seizure of power in Iraq in February 1963.
The March 1949 Syrian coup d'état was a bloodless coup d'état that took place on 30 March. It was the first military coup in modern Syrian history and overthrew the country's democratically-elected government. It was led by the Syrian Army chief of staff, Husni al-Za'im, who became president of Syria on 11 April 1949. Among the officers who assisted al-Za'im's takeover were Sami al-Hinnawi and Adib al-Shishakli, both of whom in sequence would later also become military leaders of the country. Syrian President Shukri al-Quwatli, was accused of purchasing inferior arms for the Syrian Army and poor leadership. He was briefly imprisoned, but then released into exile in Egypt. Syria's legislature, then called the House of Representatives, was dissolved. al-Za'im also imprisoned many political leaders, such as Munir al-Ajlani, whom he accused of conspiring to overthrow the republic.
The 1964 Hama riot was the first significant clash between the newly installed Ba'ath Party leadership of Syria and the Muslim Brotherhood. It occurred in April 1964, after the 1963 Ba'athist coup d'état. The insurrection was suppressed with heavy military force, resulting in many mortal casualties and partial destruction of the old Hama city neighborhoods. Hama continued to be a center of Islamists and a focal point of the 1976-1982 Islamist uprising in Syria.
Munif al-Razzaz was a Jordanian-Syrian physician and politician who was the second, and last, Secretary General of the National Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, having been elected to the post at the 8th National Congress held in April 1965.
Mansur al-Atrash was a Syrian politician and journalist. Together with fellow university students, Atrash became a founding member of the Ba'ath Party and its Syrian regional branch in 1947. During the presidency of Adib Shishakli (1951–54), he became an anti-government activist and was imprisoned twice, only to be released in an unsuccessful attempt by Shishakli to gain the support of Atrash's father, Sultan. In the year Shishakli was overthrown, Atrash was elected to parliament and turned down an offer to serve in Said al-Ghazzi's government. During the period of the United Arab Republic (1958–61), Atrash became a strong supporter of Egyptian president and pan-Arab leader Gamal Abdel Nasser. He opposed Syria's secession from the UAR and turned down offers to serve in successive separatist governments in protest.
Major General Muhammad Umran was a Syrian military officer and founding member of the Military Committee of the unitary Ba'ath Party. He was a leading figure in Syrian politics from the 1963 Syrian coup d'état until the 1966 coup d'état.
Abd al-Karim al-Jundi was a Syrian military officer and founding member of the Ba'ath Party's Military Committee which took over power in the country after the 1963 military coup. He also served as Minister of Agrarian Reform, and Director of the National Security Bureau.
The Central Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, which was established through the merger of the National Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and the Regional Command of the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in 2018, was the ruling organ of the Ba'ath Party organization in Syria and the Syrian-led Ba'athist movement. Its predecessor, the Regional Command, stems from Ba'athist ideology, where region literally means an Arab state. Until 2012, according to the Constitution of Syria, the Central Command had the power to nominate a candidate for President. While the constitution does not state that the Secretary-General of the Central Command is the President of Syria, the charter of the National Progressive Front (NPF), of which the Ba'ath Party is a member, states that the President and the Secretary-General is the NPF President, but this is not stated in any legal document.
Mohammed Ziad al-Hariri was a Syrian Army officer. A staunch Arab nationalist, he supported the union between Syria and Egypt in 1958, opposed Syria's secession from it in 1961 and served as the chief leader of the coup d'état that toppled the secessionist government in March 1963. Politically independent from the Nasserists and their Ba'athist rivals, Hariri served as the army's chief of staff following the coup and was briefly defense minister until being dismissed during a wide-scale purge of non-Ba'athists from the military. He retired from political activity soon afterward.
Muhammad al-Sufi was a Syrian field marshal who played a role in the 1963 Syrian coup d'état and briefly served as Defense Minister between March and May of that year. Politically a Nasserist, he was sidelined by Ba'athist rivals in the military and departed the political scene before returning to Syria in the 1990s.
Salim Hatum was a Syrian military officer and politician who played a significant role in Syrian politics in the 1960s. A member of the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, he was instrumental in the 1966 Syrian coup d'état that toppled the government of Amin al-Hafiz, also a Ba'athist. That same year he launched an insurrection from his home region of Jabal al-Druze against his colleagues who formed the new government but sidelined him from any major position. He fled Syria amid a warrant for his arrest, but returned in 1967 and was subsequently jailed and executed.
The Chief of the General Staff of the Army and Armed Forces was the professional head of the Syrian Armed Forces and the Syrian Army. The Chief of the General Staff is appointed by the President of Syria, who is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces.
| Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920) |  |
|---|---|
| State of Syria (1925–1930) | |
| First Syrian Republic (1930–1950) |  |
| Second Syrian Republic (1950–1958) | |
| United Arab Republic (1958–1961) | |
| Second Syrian Republic (1961–1963) | |
| Ba'athist Syria (1963–2024) | |
| Transitional period (2024–present) | |
* acting | |
