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 Haitiportal |
This article lists the prime ministers of Haiti since the establishment of the office of Prime Minister of Haiti in 1988.
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| Haitiportal |
This article lists the prime ministers of Haiti since the establishment of the office of Prime Minister of Haiti in 1988.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Election | Term of office | Political party | President (Term) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
| 1 |  | Martial Célestin (1913–2011) | 1988 | 9 February 1988 | 20 June 1988 (Deposed) | 132 days | Independent | Leslie Manigat  (1988) | |
| Post vacant (20 June 1988 – 13 February 1991) | |||||||||
| 2 |  | René Préval (1943–2017) | 1990–91 | 13 February 1991 | 11 October 1991 (Deposed) | 240 days | Struggling People's Organization | Jean-Bertrand Aristide  (1991) | |
| 3 | | Jean-Jacques Honorat (1931–2023) | — | 11 October 1991 | 19 June 1992 | 252 days | Independent | Joseph Nérette  (1991–1992) | |
| 4 |  | Marc Bazin (1932–2010) | — | 19 June 1992 | 30 August 1993 | 1 year, 72 days | Movement for the Instauration of Democracy in Haiti | Marc Bazin  (1992–1993) | |
| 5 | | Robert Malval (born 1943) | 1993 | 30 August 1993 | 8 November 1994 | 1 year, 70 days | Independent | Émile Jonassaint (1993–1994) | |
| 6 | | Smarck Michel (1937–2012) | — | 8 November 1994 | 7 November 1995 | 364 days | Struggling People's Organization | Jean-Bertrand Aristide (1994–1996) | |
| 7 | | Claudette Werleigh (born 1946) | 1995 | 7 November 1995 | 27 February 1996 | 112 days | Struggling People's Organization | ||
| 8 |  | Rosny Smarth (born 1940) | — | 27 February 1996 | 20 October 1997 | 1 year, 235 days | Struggling People's Organization | René Préval  (1996–2001) | |
| Post vacant (20 October 1997 – 26 March 1999) | |||||||||
| 9 |  | Jacques-Édouard Alexis (born 1947) | — | 26 March 1999 | 2 March 2001 | 1 year, 341 days | Fanmi Lavalas | ||
| 10 | | Jean Marie Chérestal (born 1947) | 2000 | 2 March 2001 | 15 March 2002 | 1 year, 13 days | Fanmi Lavalas | Jean-Bertrand Aristide (2001–2004) | |
| 11 |  | Yvon Neptune (born 1946) | — | 15 March 2002 | 12 March 2004 (Deposed) | 1 year, 363 days | Fanmi Lavalas | ||
| 12 |  | Gérard Latortue (1934–2023) | — | 12 March 2004 | 9 June 2006 | 2 years, 89 days | Independent | Boniface Alexandre  (2004–2006) | |
| (9) | | Jacques-Édouard Alexis (born 1947) | 2006 | 9 June 2006 | 5 September 2008 | 2 years, 88 days | Lespwa | René Préval (2006–2011) | |
| 13 |  | Michèle Pierre-Louis (born 1947) | — | 5 September 2008 | 11 November 2009 | 1 year, 67 days | Independent | ||
| 14 |  | Jean-Max Bellerive (born 1958) | — | 11 November 2009 | 18 October 2011 | 1 year, 341 days | Lespwa | ||
| 15 |  | Garry Conille (born 1966) | 2010–11 | 18 October 2011 | 16 May 2012 | 211 days | Independent | Michel Martelly  (2011–2016) | |
| 16 |  | Laurent Lamothe (born 1972) | — | 16 May 2012 | 20 December 2014 | 2 years, 218 days | Independent | ||
| — |  | Florence Duperval Guillaume | — | 20 December 2014 | 16 January 2015 | 27 days | Independent | ||
| 17 |  | Evans Paul (born 1955) | — | 16 January 2015 | 26 February 2016 | 1 year, 41 days | Democratic Alliance Party | ||
| 18 |  | Fritz Jean (born 1953) | 2015–16 | 26 February 2016 | 28 March 2016 | 31 days | Inite | Jocelerme Privert  (2016–2017) | |
| 19 |  | Enex Jean-Charles (born 1960) | — | 28 March 2016 | 21 March 2017 | 358 days | Independent | ||
| 20 |  | Jack Guy Lafontant (born 1961) | — | 21 March 2017 | 17 September 2018 | 1 year, 180 days | Democratic Movement of Haiti – Democratic Rally of Haiti [1] | Jovenel Moïse  (2017–2021) | |
| 21 |  | Jean-Henry Céant (born 1956) | — | 17 September 2018 | 21 March 2019 | 185 days | Renmen Ayiti [2] | ||
| — |  | Jean-Michel Lapin (born 1967) | — | 21 March 2019 | 4 March 2020 | 349 days | Independent | ||
| 22 |  | Joseph Jouthe (born 1961) | — | 4 March 2020 | 13 April 2021 | 1 year, 40 days | Independent | ||
| — |  | Claude Joseph | — | 14 April 2021 | 20 July 2021 [a] | 97 days | Independent | ||
| — |  | Ariel Henry (born 1949) | — | 20 July 2021 | 24 April 2024 [3] | 2 years, 279 days | Independent | Position vacant (2021–2024) | |
| — |  | Michel Patrick Boisvert | — | 25 February 2024 | 3 June 2024 | 99 days [b] | Independent | ||
| — |  | Garry Conille (born 1966) | — | 3 June 2024 | 10 November 2024 | 160 days | Independent | Transitional Presidential Council  (2024) | |
| — |  | Alix Didier Fils-Aimé (born 1971) | — | 10 November 2024 | Incumbent | 10 days | Independent | ||
The recorded history of Haiti began in 1492, when the European captain and explorer Christopher Columbus landed on a large island in the region of the western Atlantic Ocean that later came to be known as the Caribbean. The western portion of the island of Hispaniola, where Haiti is situated, was inhabited by the Taíno and Arawakan people, who called their island Ayiti. The island was promptly claimed for the Spanish Crown, where it was named La Isla Española, later Latinized to Hispaniola. By the early 17th century, the French had built a settlement on the west of Hispaniola and called it Saint-Domingue. Prior to the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), the economy of Saint-Domingue gradually expanded, with sugar and, later, coffee becoming important export crops. After the war which had disrupted maritime commerce, the colony underwent rapid expansion. In 1767, it exported indigo, cotton and 72 million pounds of raw sugar. By the end of the century, the colony encompassed a third of the entire Atlantic slave trade.
The politics of Haiti takes place in the framework of a unitary semi-presidential republic, where the president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. The politics of Haiti are considered historically unstable due to various coups d'état, regime changes, military juntas and internal conflicts. After Jean-Bertrand Aristide was deposed, Haitian politics became relatively stable. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Haiti an "authoritarian regime" in 2022. According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Haiti is 2023 the 4th least electoral democratic country in Latin America.
The president of Haiti, officially called the president of the Republic of Haiti, is the head of state of Haiti. Executive power in Haiti is divided between the president and the government, which is headed by the prime minister of Haiti.[A133] The Transitional Presidential Council has been exercising the powers of the presidency since 25 April 2024. It has a mandate to act that concludes on 7 February 2026.
The Constitution of Haiti provides for the election of the President, Parliament, and members of local governing bodies. The 2015–16 Haitian parliamentary election was held. The February 2016 Haitian presidential election was held following annulment of the February 2016 Haitian presidential election.
Michel Joseph Martelly is a Haitian musician and politician who served as the 42nd president of Haiti from May 2011 until February 2016. On August 20, 2024, the United States sanctioned the former president for trafficking drugs, in particular cocaine, into the United States, and for sponsoring several gangs based in Haiti.
The Ministry of Interior and Territorial Communities is a ministry of the Government of Haiti. An interior ministry, it is mainly responsible for the maintenance of internal security and domestic policy. In addition, the ministry is part of the Prime Minister's Cabinet.
Patriotic Unity, is a political party in Haiti founded on 28 November 2009. Its dissolution had been claimed by former leading members on 30 April 2019 but was then disputed by the current leadership. Its founder and leader was René Préval, who served as President of Haiti from 2006 to 2011.
Jack Guy Lafontant is a Haitian politician who served as Prime Minister of Haiti from 21 March 2017 until 16 September 2018.
Jean Henry Céant is a Haitian politician who was the twenty-first Prime Minister of Haiti. He was sanctioned by the Canadian Government for his involvement in human rights violations and supporting criminal gangs on 17 November 2022.
General elections are due to be held in Haiti in February 2026. The parliamentary elections had originally been scheduled for 27 October 2019, but were postponed to 26 September 2021, and then again to 7 November 2021, when wider elections were planned to elect the president and Parliament, alongside a constitutional referendum. However, in September 2021 they were postponed again following the dismissal of the members of the Provisional Electoral Council by acting prime minister Ariel Henry. Henry later stated that he hoped to hold the elections in early 2022. On 8 February 2022, he called for renewed efforts to organize elections. In December 2022, he signed an agreement to hold the elections in 2023, but stated in February 2024 that they will be held once the security situation was under control. Henry later committed to hold the elections by August 2025, but resigned in April 2024 to make way for a Transitional Presidential Council, which is expected to hold the presidential election in early 2026.
The current political, economic, and social crisis began with protests in cities throughout Haiti on 7 July 2018 in response to increased fuel prices. These protests gradually evolved into demands for the resignation of the president, Jovenel Moïse. Led by opposition politician Jean-Charles Moïse, protesters demanded a transitional government, provision of social programs, and the prosecution of corrupt officials. From 2019 to 2021, massive protests called for the Jovenel Moïse government to resign. Moïse had come to power in the 2016 presidential election, which had voter turnout of only 21%. Previously, the 2015 elections had been annulled due to fraud. On 7 February 2021, supporters of the opposition allegedly attempted a coup d'état, leading to 23 arrests, as well as clashes between protestors and police.
Joseph Jouthe is a Haitian politician who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Haiti from 4 March 2020 to April 14, 2021.
Claude Joseph is a Haitian politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Worship from 4 March 2020 to 24 November 2021, and served as acting prime minister of Haiti from 14 April 2021 to 20 July 2021.
Ariel Henry is a Haitian neurosurgeon and politician who served as the acting prime minister after the assassination of Jovenel Moïse, until his formal resignation on 24 April 2024. During this period where the role of the head of state was vacant, the Council of Ministers he presided exercised executive power. He also served as the acting Minister of Interior and Territorial Communities.
Jimmy Chérizier, nicknamed Barbecue, is a Haitian gang leader, former police officer, and warlord who is the head of the Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies, abbreviated as "G9" or "FRG9", a federation of over a dozen Haitian gangs based in Port-au-Prince. Known for often making public appearances in military camouflage and a beret, he calls himself the leader of an "armed revolution". Considered the most powerful warlord in Haiti, he is currently believed to be one of the country's most powerful figures.
Since 2020, Haiti's capital Port-au-Prince has been the site of an ongoing gang war. The government of Haiti and Haitian security forces have struggled to maintain their control of Port-au-Prince amid this conflict, with gangs reportedly controlling up to 90% of the city by 2023. In response to the escalating gang fighting, an armed vigilante movement, known as bwa kale, also emerged, with the purpose of fighting the gangs. On 2 October 2023, United Nations Security Council Resolution 2699 was approved, authorizing a Kenya-led "multinational security support mission" to Haiti. Until 2024, the war was between two major groups and their allies: the Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies and the G-Pep. However, in February 2024 the two rival gangs formed a coalition opposing the government and the UN mission.
Events in the year 2024 in Haiti.
Michel Patrick Boisvert is a Haitian civil servant and politician who served as the interim Prime Minister of Haiti from 25 February to 3 June 2024. The Transitional Presidential Council, inaugurated on 25 April, has the power to replace him, and did so on 3 June 2024 after it appointed Garry Conille as Prime Minister. Boisvert has served as Minister of Economy and Finance since 2020, initially in the cabinets of Joseph Jouthe, Claude Joseph, and Ariel Henry. Boisvert previously served as director-general of the Ministry of Economy and Finance from 2018 to 2020. Amid the February–March 2024 escalation of the Haitian crisis, Boisvert has served as acting prime minister, overseeing the operations of Henry's government during his absence from the country. Following Henry's formal resignation on 24 April 2024, Boisvert continued to serve as acting prime minister of Haiti.
The Transitional Presidential Council is a temporary body constituted by the Council of Ministers on 12 April 2024 and sworn in at the National Palace on 25 April to exercise the powers and duties of the president of Haiti either until an elected president is inaugurated or until 7 February 2026, whichever comes first.
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| Post–earthquake (2011–2021) | ||
| Post–Moïse (2021–present) | ||
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