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Haiti,officially the Republic of Haiti,and formerly known as Hayti,is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea,east of Cuba and Jamaica,and south of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island which it shares with the Dominican Republic. To its south-west lies the small Navassa Island,which is claimed by Haiti but is disputed as a United States territory under federal administration. Haiti is 27,750 km2 (10,714 sq mi) in size,the third largest country in the Caribbean by area,and has an estimated population of 11.4 million,making it the most populous country in the Caribbean and the 5th most populous country in North America. The capital is Port-au-Prince.
The recorded history of Haiti began in 1492,when the European captain and explorer Christopher Columbus landed on a large island in the region of the western Atlantic Ocean that later came to be known as the Caribbean. The western portion of the island of Hispaniola,where Haiti is situated,was inhabited by the Taíno and Arawakan people,who called their island Ayiti. The island was promptly claimed for the Spanish Crown,where it was named La Isla Española,later Latinized to Hispaniola. By the early 17th century,the French had built a settlement on the west of Hispaniola and called it Saint-Domingue. Prior to the Seven Years' War (1756–1763),the economy of Saint-Domingue gradually expanded,with sugar and,later,coffee becoming important export crops. After the war which had disrupted maritime commerce,the colony underwent rapid expansion. In 1767,it exported indigo,cotton and 72 million pounds of raw sugar. By the end of the century,the colony encompassed a third of the entire Atlantic slave trade.
Jean-Bertrand Aristide is a Haitian former Salesian priest and politician who became Haiti's first democratically elected president. A proponent of liberation theology,Aristide was appointed to a parish in Port-au-Prince in 1982 after completing his studies to become a priest. He became a focal point for the pro-democracy movement first under Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier and then under the military transition regime which followed. He won the 1990–91 Haitian general election,with 67% of the vote. As a priest,he taught liberation theology and,as a president,he attempted to normalize Afro-Creole culture,including Vodou religion,in Haiti.
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Tourism in Haiti is an industry that generated just under a million arrivals in 2012,and is typically one of the main sources of revenue for the nation. With its favorable climate,second-longest coastline of beaches,and most mountainous ranges in the Caribbean,waterfalls,caves,colonial architecture and distinct cultural history,Haiti has had its history as an attractive destination for tourists. However,unstable governments have long contested its history and the country's economic development throughout the 20th century.
Sony Esteus was a Haitian radio journalist. For seventeen years,he served as executive director of Sosyete Animasyon Kominikayon Sosyal,an organization supporting Haitian community-based radio. At its height,SAKS supported around 30 community radio stations around the country,though many of these faced difficulties and suspended broadcasts following the 2010 earthquake. Esteus also serves as the Caribbean representative of the World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters.
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Haiti–Mexico relations are the diplomatic relations between Haiti and Mexico. Both nations are members of Association of Caribbean States,Community of Latin American and Caribbean States,Organization of American States and the United Nations.
References
- Notes
- ↑ Pezzullo 2011
- ↑ "New Top Minister Vows He Will End Haiti's 'Madness'". Sun Sentinel . 31 August 1993. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- ↑ Freed, Kenneth (28 August 1993). "Haitians Have 3 Different Views of Next Premier : Caribbean: The descriptions of Malval range from modest and patriotic to vacillating to naive and inexperienced". Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- ↑ Freed, Kenneth (1 September 1993). "Military Poses Obstacle to Haiti Stability Caribbean: Malval faces daunting task on reforms. U.N., U.S. aides arrive to lend support". Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- ↑ "Haitian Premier Rebels, And Promptly Loses Post". The Washington Post . 17 May 1994. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- ↑ French, Howard (20 December 1993). "PREMIER OF HAITI CRITICIZES ARISTIDE". The New York Times . Archived from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- Bibliography
- Kretchik, Walter E. (1998). "Appendix A: Historical Chronology of Haiti". US Army General Staff College. Archived from the original on 16 November 2010. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
- Pezzullo, Ralph (2011). Plunging into Haiti: Clinton, Aristide, and the defeat of diplomacy. University Press of Mississippi.
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