Demographics of Haiti

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Demographics of Haiti
Haiti single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of Haiti in 2020
Population8,812,245 (Last census)
Birth rate21.12 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate7.23 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy65.95 years
  male63.26 years
  female68.67 years
Fertility rate2.43 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate40.02 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-1.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years32.78%
15–64 years62.49%
65 and over4.73%
Sex ratio
Total0.97 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.01 male(s)/female
Under 150.99 male(s)/female
65 and over0.62 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityHaitian
Major ethnicBlack (95%)
Language
OfficialFrench, Creole
Population of Haiti (in millions) from 1800 to 2021 Haiti-demographie.png
Population of Haiti (in millions) from 1800 to 2021

Haiti is the eighty-fifth most populous country in the world, with an estimated population of 11,123,178 as of July 2018. [1] However the last census done in Haiti was in 2003, and the population recorded was 8,812,245. According to population DNA tests, approximately 80% of the population of Haiti is Afro-Haitian. Within Black Haitian DNA the composition is approximately 75% African, 25% European or mixed European. The remaining population of Haiti is primarily composed of Mulattoes, Europeans, Asians, and Arabs. Hispanic residents in Haiti are mostly Cuban and Dominican. About two-thirds of Haitian people live in rural areas.

Contents

Although a national census was taken in Haiti in 2003, much of that data has not been released. Several demographic studies, including those by social work researcher Athena Kolbe, have provided estimates the demographic information of urban residents. In 2006, each Haitian household had an average of 4.5 members.

Population of Haiti

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects [2] [3] the total population of Haiti in 2018 was 11,447,569, as compared to 3,221,000 in 1950. In 2015, the proportion of children below the age of 15 was 36.2%. 59.7% of the population was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 4.5% was 65 years or older. [4] According to the World Bank, Haiti's dependency rate is 7.51 dependents per 100 working age persons. [5]

Total populationProportion
aged 0–14
(%)
Proportion
aged 15–64
(%)
Proportion
aged 65+
(%)
19503 221 00039.656.73.7
19553 516 00039.756.93.4
19603 869 00040.356.53.2
19654 275 00041.754.93.4
19704 713 00041.854.53.7
19755 144 00041.354.83.9
19805 692 00041.154.94.0
19856 389 00042.253.84.0
19907 110 00043.152.94.0
19957 838 00042.653.53.9
20008 578 00040.355.74.0
20059 261 00038.157.84.2
201010,085,21436.259.74.5

Structure of the population

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2010) (Projections produced by l’Institut Haïtien de Statistique et d’Informatique (IHSI) and the Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (CELADE) - Population Division of ECLAC.): [6]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total4 993 7315 091 48310 085 214100
0-4644 550618 7721 263 32212.53
5-9608 495586 9841 195 47911.85
10-14588 618569 8601 158 47811.49
15-19551 467540 8971 092 36410.83
20-24509 042510 5471 019 58910.11
25-29454 123465 513919 6369.12
30-34340 518362 078702 5966.97
35-39261 157286 847548 0045.43
40-44235 182253 300488 4824.84
45-49204 077219 300423 3774.20
50-54166 418176 495342 9133.40
55-59136 034148 697284 7312.82
60-6495 939110 896206 8352.05
65-6981 85494 044175 8981.74
70-7458 18171 255129 4361.28
75-7935 53845 36080 8980.80
80+22 53830 63853 1760.53
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0-141 841 6631 775 9993 617 22935.87
15-642 953 9573 074 6206 028 57759.78
65+198 111241 297439 4084.36
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2011) (Projections produced by l’Institut Haïtien de Statistique et d’Informatique (IHSI) and the Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (CELADE) - Population Division of ECLAC.): [7]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total5 075 5175 172 78910 248 306100
0-4647 465621 4321 268 89712.38
5-9611 472589 6901 201 16111.72
10-14591 018572 0661 163 08511.35
15-19556 085544 7981 100 88310.74
20-24514 235514 8981 029 13210.04
25-29465 396475 451940 8479.18
30-34358 927379 066737 9937.20
35-39270 574296 362566 9365.53
40-44237 754257 273495 0264.83
45-49208 671224 746433 4164.23
50-54171 468182 332353 8003.45
55-59140 392152 742293 1342.86
60-6499 846114 973214 8192.10
65-6982 20194 868177 0691.73
70-7459 83372 957132 7901.30
75-7936 75147 08383 8340.82
80+23 43132 05355 4840.54
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0-141 849 9551 783 1883 633 14335.45
15-643 023 3463 142 6406 165 98660.17
65+202 216246 961449 1774.38
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2018) (Projections produced by l’Institut Haïtien de Statistique et d’Informatique (IHSI) and the Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (CELADE) - Population Division of ECLAC.): [7]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total5 659 1405 752 38711 411 527100
0–4661 535634 3711 295 90611.36
5–9635 927611 6921 247 61910.93
10–14608 695588 3961 197 09110.49
15–19580 801565 9861 146 78710.05
20–24547 618542 2961 089 9149.55
25–29504 926508 3551 013 2818.88
30–34463 541473 269936 8108.21
35–39387 698405 499793 1976.95
40–44285 013309 823594 8365.21
45–49230 537254 629485 1664.25
50–54206 255224 859431 1143.78
55–59170 991186 498357 4893.13
60–64134 300148 115282 4152.47
65-6997 454113 753211 2071.85
70-7466 08480 979147 0631.29
75-7946 18858 733104 9210.92
80+31 57645 13476 7100.67
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–141 906 1571 834 4593 740 61632.78
15–643 511 6813 619 3297 131 01062.49
65+241 302298 599539 9014.73

Vital statistics

The registration of vital events in Haiti is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. Population estimates account for under numeration in population censuses. [8]

Mid-year population (thousands)Live births (thousands)Deaths (thousands)Natural change (thousands)Crude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate (TFR) Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) Life expectancy (in years)
19503 247151876346.326.819.56.25248.237.48
1951  3 302  152  87  6546.026.419.66.24243.737.91
1952  3 359  154  86  6845.825.520.26.24235.138.83
1953  3 419  156  85  7145.524.720.76.23227.139.70
1954  3 481  157  84  7345.224.121.06.22220.040.29
1955  3 546  160  83  7745.023.321.76.23212.941.26
1956  3 614  16282  8044.822.722.16.23206.941.96
1957  3 684  163  82  8144.322.322.06.20203.442.36
1958  3 755  166  83  8444.221.922.36.22199.842.77
1959  3 828  169  83  8644.021.622.46.23196.643.12
1960  3 901  170  83  8743.621.322.36.21193.343.50
1961  3 975  173  83  8943.320.922.46.20190.143.91
1962  4 050  175  83  9143.020.622.56.19187.044.29
1963  4 122  177  89  8742.821.621.26.18188.442.77
1964  4 196  179  84  9542.519.922.66.18181.044.97
1965  4 274  180  84  9642.019.622.46.12178.045.35
1966  4 353  181  84  9741.519.422.16.07175.245.59
1967  4 433  183  84  9941.118.922.26.03171.846.13
1968  4 514  184  84  10040.718.622.15.97168.546.51
1969  4 597  186  84  10240.318.322.15.93165.246.92
1970  4 681  188  84  10340.017.922.05.87162.047.34
1971  4 766  189  84  10539.617.621.95.80158.647.72
1972  4 853  191  85  10639.217.421.85.72155.347.95
1973  4 941  192  85  10738.817.221.65.65151.648.21
1974  5 031  197  86  11139.017.121.95.66148.048.42
1975  5 125  202  87  11539.317.022.35.69144.648.68
1976  5 222  207  88  11939.516.922.75.69141.048.96
1977  5 324  212  89  12339.816.723.05.68137.749.21
1978  5 429  217  91  12639.816.623.25.67134.449.43
1979  5 536  222  92  13039.916.523.45.67131.349.68
1980  5 647  226  93  13340.016.423.65.65128.449.90
1981  5 760  231  93  13840.116.123.95.67125.450.27
1982  5 878  237  94  14340.216.024.25.70122.450.55
1983  5 998  239  95  14539.815.724.15.66119.550.87
1984  6 120  243  95  14839.615.524.15.63116.851.12
1985  6 246  248  95  15339.615.224.45.62114.051.52
1986  6 375  252  96  15739.515.024.55.61111.351.88
1987  6 508  257  96  16139.314.724.65.59108.452.24
1988  6 645  260  96  16439.014.424.65.57105.852.63
1989  6 784  263  97  16638.714.224.45.53103.252.76
1990  6 925  266  97  16838.314.024.25.48100.752.98
1991  7 066  262  97  16637.113.723.45.3298.053.39
1992  7 206  262  96  16736.413.323.15.2195.353.84
1993  7 346  262  95  16735.612.922.75.1092.654.35
1994  7 486  262  95  16734.912.622.34.9990.554.65
1995  7 627  262  92  17034.212.022.24.8887.255.55
1996  7 771  262  91  17233.711.622.04.7884.556.15
1997  7 915  263  90  17333.211.421.84.6781.756.52
1998  8 061  263  89  17432.611.021.54.5679.357.14
1999  8 209  264  87  17732.110.621.54.4576.757.96
2000  8 360  267  87  18031.810.321.54.3974.458.37
2001  8 512  264  87  17731.010.220.84.2572.258.49
2002  8 662  263  87  17630.310.020.34.1370.258.86
2003  8 812  264  86  17829.99.720.24.0468.459.51
2004  8 961  264  91  17329.510.219.33.9470.758.48
2005  9 112  265  84  18029.09.219.83.8365.260.42
2006  9 266  266  84  18128.69.119.53.7463.860.76
2007  9 421  266  84  18228.28.919.23.6462.661.10
2008  9 575  267  85  18227.88.919.03.5761.461.33
2009  9 731  269  85  18427.68.718.93.5159.961.74
2010  9 843  271175  9627.517.79.83.4775.946.02
2011  9 954  271  87  18427.28.818.43.4158.361.62
2012  10 109  269  86  18326.68.518.13.3056.762.29
2013  10 261  268  86  18226.18.417.73.2255.362.61
2014  10 413  269  86  18325.88.217.53.1654.162.99
2015  10 564  270  87  18325.58.217.33.1152.863.24
2016  10 714  271  88  18325.38.217.13.0651.863.39
2017  10 864272  8718525.08.017.03.0250.263.85
2018  11 012  271  88  18324.68.016.62.9648.964.02
2019  11 160  272  89  18324.38.016.42.9247.864.26
2020  11 307  271  93  17823.98.215.82.8746.764.05
2021  11 448  269  99  17023.58.714.82.8146.063.19

While limited, some evidence suggests that large scale disasters can cause human populations to increase in the long term, rather than decrease. [9] Accordingly, in Haiti's case, some sources reported that a tripled fertility rate was expected after the 2010 Haiti earthquake. [10] However, data since then does not show a diversion from the pre-disaster trend of decreasing fertility rates.

Births and deaths

YearPopulationLive birthsDeathsNatural increaseCrude birth rateCrude death rateRate of natural increaseTFR
20059,292,282~258,325~87,347~170,97827.89.418.43.5
20069,445,412~258,804~87,842~170,96227.49.318.23.4
20079,602,305~260,222~87,381~172,84127.19.118.03.4
20089,761,929~260,644~87,857~172,78726.79.017.73.3
20099,923,243~261,874~87,325~174,54926.48.817.63.3
201010,085,216~262,216~200,000~62,21626.019.86.23.2
201110,248,306~265,431~88,135~177,29625.98.617.3
201210,413,211~267,620~88,512~179,10825.78.517.23.2
201310,579,230~247,025~84,634~162,39123.35815.352.88

Number of births and deaths are calculated based on Crude Birth and Death Rates. [11]

Fertility and births

The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR): [12]

YearCBR (Total)TFR (Total)CBR (Urban)TFR (Urban)CBR (Rural)TFR (Rural)
1994–95344.8 (3.0)313.3 (2.2)355.9 (3.7)
200032.64.7 (2.7)29.43.3 (2.0)34.05.8 (3.4)
2005–200628.74.0 (2.4)26.22.8 (1.8)30.15.0 (2.9)
201227.83.5 (2.2)24.42.6 (1.9)29.44.4 (2.6)
2016-1724.33.0 (1.9)21.12.1 (1.5)26.33.9 (2.3)

Other sources of demographic statistics

Demographic statistics below are based on the 2022 World Population Review. [13]

Demographic statistics below are based on the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. [14]

Population

11,334,637 (2022 est.)
10,788,440 (July 2018 est.)

Ethnic composition

Black 95%, mixed and White 5%

Age structure

Population pyramid of Haiti in 2020 Haiti single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of Haiti in 2020

Haiti's population pyramid can be categorized as "expansive," indicating a growing population. However, it is categorized as being at stage 3 of demographic transition, as the birth and death rate are falling and net population is increasing at a slower rate.

0-14 years: 31.21% (male 1,719,961/female 1,734,566)
15-24 years: 20.71% (male 1,145,113/female 1,146,741)
25-54 years: 38.45% (male 2,110,294/female 2,145,209)
55-64 years: 5.3% (male 280,630/female 305,584)
65 years and over: 4.33% (2020 est.) (male 210,451/female 269,228)
0-14 years: 32.27% (male 1,733,920 / female 1,747,387)
15-24 years: 21.11% (male 1,139,188 / female 1,137,754)
25-54 years: 37.32% (male 1,997,816 / female 2,028,495)
55-64 years: 5.1% (male 262,494 / female 287,515)
65 years and over: 4.21% (male 199,617 / female 254,254) (2018 est.)

Birth rate

21.12 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 65th
22.6 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country ranking: 65/195

Death rate

7.23 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 113rd
7.5 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 111st

Total fertility rate

2.43 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 72nd
2.66 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 65th

Net migration rate

-1.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 169th
-2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 163rd

Population growth rate

1.2% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 77th
1.31% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 84th

Median age

total: 24.1 years. Country comparison to the world: 167th male: 23.8 years female: 24.3 years (2020 est.)

Total: 23.3 years. Country ranking: 172/195
Male: 23.1 years
Female: 23.6 years (2018 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

22.8 years (2016/7 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Contraceptive prevalence rate

34.3% (2016/17)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 62.3 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 54.8 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 7.5 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 13.3 (2015 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

Life expectancy at birth in Haiti Life expectancy by WBG -Haiti -diff.png
Life expectancy at birth in Haiti
total population: 64.6 years
male: 61.9 years
female: 67.2 years (2018 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 58.8% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 55.3% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 2.9% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Religions

Catholic 55%, Protestant 29%, Vodou 2.1%, other 4.6%, none 10% (2018 est.)
note: 50-80% of Haitians incorporate some elements of Vodou culture or practice in addition to another religion, most often Roman Catholicism; Vodou was recognized as an official religion in 2003

Education expenditures

1.7% of GDP (2018) Country comparison to the world: 183rd
2.4% of GDP (2016) Country comparison to the world: 162nd

Literacy

Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

total population: 61.7%
male: 65.3%
female: 58.3% (2016)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: very high (2020)
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria

Languages

Languages

Taíno was the major pre-Columbian language in the region of what is Haiti (or Ayti), a name referring to the entire island of Hispaniola. [15] [16] The phrase means "land of high mountains." [17]

Today, the Republic of Haiti has two official languages, French and Haitian Creole. Haitian Creole is a French-based creole with 90% of its vocabulary derived from or influenced by Portuguese, Spanish, Taíno, and various West African languages. [18] French is the primary written and administrative language (as well as the main language of the press) and is spoken by 42% of Haitians. [19] [20] The language is generally spoken by educated Haitians, is the medium of instruction in most schools, and is used in the business sector. It is also spoken in ceremonial events such as weddings, graduations, and church masses.

Haiti is one of two independent nations in the Americas (along with Canada) to designate French as an official language; other French-speaking areas are all overseas départements , or collectivités, of France. Haitian Creole, [21] which was recently standardized, is spoken by virtually the entire population of Haiti. [22] It is related to the other French creoles but most closely to the Antillean Creole and Louisiana Creole variants.

Spanish is spoken by some Haitians along the border with the Dominican Republic, as well as by some who have been deported from Spanish-speaking countries. English is used increasingly within the business sector, but only by a small proportion of the total population. [23]

Religion

The most common religions in Haiti are Roman Catholicism, Pentecostalism and Baptist. The state religion is Roman Catholicism, which is professed by 55–60% of the population. 30–35% of Haitians practice Protestantism, mostly Pentecostalism, which arrived in Haiti in the 1970s. [14] Almost 99% of Haitians claim to be a part of at least one religion, with a fraction of them practicing some part of Vodou along with another religion. [24]

Vodou bears similarities to Cuban Santeria due to the large Cuban population in Haiti. [25] The practice of Vodou revolves around family spirits called Lwa that protect children. To repay the spirits, children perform two ceremonies where the Lwa are given gifts like food and drinks. The timing of the ceremonies depends on the monetary status of the family performing them; poorer families try to save money, waiting until there is a need to perform the rituals. [26] The practice of Vodou is rare among the urban elite.

Modern day Vodou has been shaped by both Protestant and Catholic Christianity. Under the rule of the Catholic French, the population was not allowed to practice Vodou. However, they were occasionally allowed to have dances on the weekends. These dances were actually disguised Vodou services. The underground practice of Vodou continued until Haiti gained its independence in 1804. Most Haitians see practicing both Vodou and Christianity as normal due to their significant similarities. The Catholic Church, however, was not always as accepting of Vodou. In 1941-42, a holy war was declared against Vodou, leading to the deaths of many high level religious officials in the Vodou religion. Persecution of the religion largely ended in 1950 when the Catholics gave up trying to prosecute those who practiced Vodou. Protestants, however, are still critical of the religion, often describing it as "devil worship". [27]

A fictionalized version of Vodou, commonly called "voodoo", has been used in American movies and by authors such as H.P. Lovecraft. Vodou and voodoo are not the conceptually the same, although the idea of "voodoo" lives on in American pop culture. [28]

Education

Although public education in Haiti at the primary level is free, private and parochial schools provide around 75% of educational programs offered to the public.

In recent years, several literacy campaigns launched by the Martelly administration have increased adult literacy in Haiti. [29] UNESCO projects an overall literacy rate of 61.1% in Haiti by 2015. [30]

As of December 2014, the World Bank has reported an increase in school enrollment from 78% to 90% in Haiti, close to the federal goal of universal child enrollment. [31]

Labor

In 2004, approximately 300,000 children were restavecs, or indentured servants. [32]

Emigration

Large-scale emigration, principally to the Dominican Republic, United States, and Canada (predominantly to Quebec) has created what Haitians refer to as the Eleventh Department or the Diaspora. Significant numbers of Haitians have also immigrated to Cuba, France and French Guiana, Spain, Belgium, the United Kingdom and Ireland, Venezuela, Brazil, Chile, the Bahamas and other Caribbean countries. Approximately one in every six Haitians lives abroad. [33]

Immigration

45,000 Americans live in Haiti. They represent 0.4% of Haiti's total population. [34]

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The demographics of Sierra Leone are made up of an indigenous population from 18 ethnic groups. The Temne in the north and the Mende in the south are the largest. About 60,000 are Krio, the descendants of freed slaves who returned to Sierra Leone from Great Britain, North America and slave ships captured on the high seas. In addition, about 5,000 Lebanese, 1,000 Indians, and 5,000 Europeans reside in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Togo</span>

The demographics of Togo include ethnicity, population density, age, education level, health, economic status and religious affiliations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Madagascar</span>

Demographic features of the population of Madagascar include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Uganda</span> Aspect of human geography in Uganda

Demographic features of the population of Uganda include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of the Bahamas</span>

This is a demography of the population of The Bahamas including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Barbados</span> Demographics of country

This is a demography of Barbados including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Belize</span> Demographics of country

Demographics of the population of Belize include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Benin</span>

The demographics of Benin include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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