Total population | |
---|---|
1,322,625 (Of those ~300,000 are Black Sub-Saharan African) | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Andalusia, Catalonia, the Balearics, the Canaries, Madrid, Murcia, Valencia | |
Languages | |
Spanish; English, French, Portuguese, various languages of Africa | |
Religion | |
Predominantly Christian (mainly Roman Catholic), Sunni Islam, Traditional African religions, others, nonreligious | |
Related ethnic groups | |
African people, Spanish Equatoguinean, Cape Verdean Spanish, Afro-European |
Afro-Spaniards are Spanish people of African descent namely Black or Black of mixed ancestry. The term may include Spaniards of any African background who are considered to be Black or of Black mixed ancestry mainly those of Afro-Caribbean, African American or Afro Latin American descent. The specific number of Afro-Spaniards is unknown[ dubious – discuss ] because the Spanish government does not collect data on ethnicity or racial self-identification.
In 2008, the largest numbers of African immigrants came from Morocco (71,141), Senegal (10,568), Algeria (5,592), Nigeria (4,855), Mali (3,502), Gambia (2,512), Equatorial Guinea (2,213), Ghana (1,922), Guinea (1,729), and Mauritania (1,577). [1]
Ceuta y Melilla are autonomous cities in Spain and not dependent of Andalusian Community. They have been Spaniards cities since centuries before the Moroccan Kingdom was founded.
Even though no official census data include racial or ethnic self-identification in Spain, some attempts have been made to quantify the number of Afro-Spaniards. Crossing the data of two official studies, [2] [3] there are at least 1,029,944 Afro-Spaniards, of whom a 47% were born in Spain and a 71% are Spanish nationals. [4]
There are currently 1,301,296 Spanish residents who were born in countries in the African continent, excluding the 1,802,810 born in Ceuta, Melilla, and the Canary Islands, which are Spanish provinces, and, in the case of Ceuta and Melilla, autonomous cities geographically located in Africa.
Out of these, 294,343 are Spanish citizens and 1,006,953 are foreign residents. The large majority of these originate in Morocco. There are 934,046 Moroccan born residents in Spain of which 223,590 are Spaniards and 710,457 are foreign residents. However, Moroccans being North Africans, they are usually not considered as Afro-Spaniards unless they are Black Moroccans, or have visible physical features usually associated with Black peoples. Non-Moroccan African-born residents in Spain thus number 367,250 of which 70,753 are Spanish citizens and 296,497 are foreign residents. [5] [6]
According to the national statistics agency, in 2019 there were 361,000 residents in Spain whose mother was born in an African country excluding Morocco. Out of these 91,000 were Spanish citizens. [7]
African populations have known to exist continuously in what is now Spain since pre-Roman times, [8] with a major influx of Africans occurring during the Islamic period. African admixture –primarily Berber and Arab admixture from North Africa –is dated to the Muslim period of the Middle Age, and averages from 10 to 12% in the south and west to ~3% in the northeast, dropping to close to 0% in a cluster found in the Basque region. [9] Canary Islander Spaniards have significantly higher levels of both North African and Sub-Saharan ancestry, ranging from averages of 14% to 35% and which originates both in the indigenous Guanche people and the subsequent slave trade. [10]
Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain on the North African coast. Bordered by Morocco, it lies along the boundary between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta is one of the special member state territories of the European Union, and it is one of several Spanish territories in Africa, which include Melilla and the Canary Islands. It was a regular municipality belonging to the province of Cádiz prior to the passing of its Statute of Autonomy in March 1995, as provided by the Spanish Constitution, henceforth becoming an autonomous city.
Melilla is an autonomous city of Spain on the North African coast. It lies on the eastern side of the Cape Three Forks, bordering Morocco and facing the Mediterranean Sea. It has an area of 12.3 km2 (4.7 sq mi). It was part of the Province of Málaga until 14 March 1995, when the Statute of Autonomy of Melilla was passed.
Perejil Island, also known as Parsley Island, is a small, uninhabited rocky islet located 200 metres (660 ft) off the coast of Morocco. It is administered by Spain as one of the plazas de soberanía, and its sovereignty is disputed by Morocco. It was the subject of an armed incident between the two countries in 2002.
Sabadell is a city and municipality in Catalonia, Spain. It is in the south of the comarca of Vallès Occidental, where it is one of the two capitals, the other being Terrassa. It is located on the River Ripoll, 20 km (12 mi) north of Barcelona, 190 m (620 ft) above sea level.
The Spanish protectorate in Morocco was established on 27 November 1912 by a treaty between France and Spain that converted the Spanish sphere of influence in Morocco into a formal protectorate.
Unión Deportiva Melilla is a Spanish football team based in the autonomous city of Melilla. Founded in 1976, it currently plays in Segunda Federación – Group 5, holding home matches at Estadio Municipal Álvarez Claro, with an 8,000 capacity venue.
Asociación Deportiva Ceuta was a Spanish football team based in the autonomous city of Ceuta. Founded in 1996, its last season was 2011–12 in Segunda División B, holding home matches at Estadio Alfonso Murube, with a capacity of 6,500.
The Fuerzas Regulares Indígenas, known simply as the Regulares (Regulars), are infantry units of the Spanish Army, largely recruited in the cities of Ceuta and Melilla. Historically, the force, which has also included mounted divisions, has consisted of Berbers officered by Spaniards. The troops served as the indigenous component of the Army of Africa and played a significant role in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).
The Hispano-Moroccan War, also known as the Spanish–Moroccan War, the First Moroccan War, the Tetuán War, or, in Spain, as the War of Africa, was fought from Spain's declaration of war on Morocco on 22 October 1859 until the Treaty of Wad-Ras on 26 April 1860. It began with a conflict over the borders of the Spanish city of Ceuta and was fought in northern Morocco. Morocco sued for peace after the Spanish victory at the Battle of Tetuán.
The First Melillan Campaign, also called the Melilla War or the Margallo War in Spain, was a conflict between Spain and the Riffian tribes of northeastern Morocco, and later the Sultan of Morocco, that began in October 1893, was openly declared November 9, 1893, and was resolved by the Treaty of Fez in 1894.
Afro-Chileans are Chilean people of African descent. They may be descendants of slaves who were brought to Chile via the trans-Atlantic slave trade, or recent migrants from other parts of Latin America, the Caribbean or Africa.
Mamadou is a common given name in West Africa among predominantly Muslim ethnic groups such as the Mandé and Wolof people. It is a variant of the Arabic name Muhammad.
The siege of Larache, in 1689, was undertaken by an army of Morocco under 'Alawid Sultan Ismail Ibn Sharif against the Spanish forces of Charles II, which had ruled the city for almost 80 years since its cession in 1610. After three months of siege, the defenders were forced to capitulate.
Morocco and Spain maintain extensive diplomatic, commercial, and military ties. The Morocco–Spain border separates the plazas de soberanía on the Mediterranean coast from the Moroccan mainland. Morocco's foreign policy has focused on Western partners, including neighboring Spain. Relations have, however, been historically tense and conflictive.
Munir Mohand Mohamedi El Kajoui, known simply as Munir, is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Botola club RS Berkane and the Morocco national team.
The Alhucemas landing was a landing operation which took place on 8 September 1925 at Alhucemas by the Spanish Army and Navy and, in lesser numbers, an allied French naval and aerial contingent, that would put an end to the Rif War. It is considered the first amphibious landing in history involving the use of tanks and massive seaborne air support. Alhucemas is seen as a precursor of the Allied amphibious landings in World War II, and the first successful combined operation of the 20th century.
Soufiane "Sofian" Chakla is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Azerbaijan Premier League club Sabah.
Africans in Poland, also known as Afro-Poles or Afro-Polish, are citizens or residents of Poland who are of African descent. As of 2024, among European countries, the proportion of people from Africa is one of the lowest.
The 2021 Morocco–Spain border incident was a migratory incident caused by the massive crossing of people along the beaches of the border between both countries in the direction of Ceuta and Melilla in Spain that began on 17 May 2021. It originated due to a deterioration in diplomatic relations between the governments of Morocco and Spain, after the latter admitted the transfer of the president of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Brahim Ghali, to a Spanish hospital in La Rioja, in April 2021. A month after the hospitalization, the Moroccan security forces located on the border in Ceuta relaxed the last control mechanisms, allowing the passage of migrants from Morocco to the Spanish city, most of whom made the journey by swimming.
Events in the year 1995 in Spain.
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