African diaspora in the Americas

African diaspora in the Americas

Regions with significant populations
Brazil	20,656,458 [1]
United States	46,936,733 [2]
Haiti	10,896,000 [3]
Colombia	4,944,400 [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
Mexico	2,576,213 [9]
Jamaica	2,531,000 [10]
Dominican Republic	1,704,000 [11] [12]
Panama	1,258,915 [13]
Canada	1,198,540 [14]
Cuba	1,034,044 [15]
Venezuela	936,770 [16] [17]
Peru	828,824 [18]
Ecuador	814,468 [19]
Puerto Rico	574,287 [20]
Nicaragua	572,000 [21]
Trinidad and Tobago	452,536 [22]
Bahamas	324,000 [23]
Barbados	280,000 [24]
Martinique	273,985
Uruguay	255,074 [25]
Guyana	227,062 [26]
Suriname	202,500 [27]
Honduras	191,000 [28] [29]
Argentina	149,493 [30] [31] [32]
Saint Lucia	142,000 [33]
Belize	108,000 [34]
Languages
English, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Haitian Creole, Martinican Creole, Papiamento, Dutch
Religion
Christianity, Rastafari, Afro-American religions, Traditional African religions, Islam, others
Related ethnic groups
African diaspora, Maroons

Sub-Saharan African diaspora in the Americas (including Blacks, Mulattos and Zambos) by country

The African diaspora in the Americas refers to the people born in the Americas with partial, predominant, or complete sub-Saharan African ancestry. Many are descendants of persons enslaved in Africa and transferred to the Americas by Europeans, then forced to work mostly in European-owned mines and plantations, between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. Significant groups have been established in the United States (African Americans), in Canada (Black Canadians), in the Caribbean (Afro-Caribbean), and in Latin America (Afro-Latin Americans).

History

Main article: Atlantic slave trade

After the United States achieved independence, next came the independence of Haiti, a country populated almost entirely by people of African descent and the second American colony to win its independence from European colonial powers. After the process of independence, many countries have encouraged European immigration to America, thus reducing the proportion of black and mulatto population throughout the country: Brazil, the United States, and the Dominican Republic. Miscegenation and more flexible concepts of race have also reduced the overall population identifying as black in Latin America, whereas the one-drop rule in the United States has had the opposite effect. ^[35]

From 21 to 25 November 1995, the Continental Congress of Black Peoples of the Americas was held. Black people still face discrimination in most parts of the continent. According to David D.E. Ferrari, vice president of the World Bank for the Region of Latin America and the Caribbean, black people have lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, more frequent and more widespread diseases, higher rates of illiteracy and lower income than Americans of different ethnic origin. Women, also the subjects of gender discrimination, suffer worse living conditions.

On 4 November 2008, the first black U.S. president, Barack Obama, won 52% of the vote. His father was from Kenya and his mother was from Kansas. ^[36]

Distribution

Black population by country

Country	% Black African	% Mixed Black African
Haiti [3]	95%	~5%
Saint Kitts and Nevis	92.5%	3%
Barbados [24]	92.4%	3.1%
Martinique	92.4%
Jamaica [10]	92.1%	6.1%
Curaçao	91.8%
The Bahamas [23]	90.6%	2.1%
Turks and Caicos	87.6%	2.5%
Antigua and Barbuda	87.3%	4.7%
Montserrat	86.2%	4.8%
Saint Lucia [33]	85.3%	10.9%
Anguilla	85.3%	3.8%
Dominica	84.7%	9%
Grenada	82.4%	13.3%
British Virgin Islands	76.3%	5.4%
U.S. Virgin Islands	76%	2.1%
Vincent and the Grenadines	71.2%	23%
French Guiana [37]	66%
Bermuda	52%	9%
Suriname [27]	37.4%
Guyana [26]	30.2%	16.7%
Trinidad and Tobago	34.2% [38]	22.8% [22]
Panama [13]	32.8%
Belize [34]	25.6%	6.1%
Cayman Islands	20%	40%
Dominican Republic [11]	15.8%	70.4%
Aruba	15%
United States [2]	12.4%	1.8%
Brazil	10.2%	45.3%
Guadeloupe	10%	76.7%
Cuba	9.3%	26.6%
Colombia [39]	9.34%	15.44%
Nicaragua	9%
Puerto Rico [20]	7%	10.5%
Ecuador	4.8%
Uruguay [25]	4.6%	3.2%
Canada	4.26%
Venezuela [16]	3.6%	51.6%
Peru [18]	3.6%
Mexico	2.04%
Honduras [28] [29]	2%
Costa Rica [40]	1.1%	6.7%
Argentina	0.37%
Guatemala	0.3%
Bolivia	0.2%
El Salvador	0.13%
Paraguay	0.13%
Chile	0.06%

Black population by region according to the censuses

Region	Percentage	Total population	Country	Year
Between 50% and 100%
Chocó	73.83%	337,696	Colombia	2018
San Andrés y Providencia	55.64%	26,873	Colombia	2018
Between 25% and 50%
District of Columbia	41.45%	285,810	USA	2020
Mississippi	36.62%	1,084,481	USA	2020
Louisiana	31.43%	1,464,023	USA	2020
Georgia	31.00%	3,320,513	USA	2020
Maryland	29.47%	1,820,472	USA	2020
Alabama	25.80%	1,296,162	USA	2020
South Carolina	25.02%	1,280,531	USA	2020
Between 10% and 25%
Bahia	22.38%	3,164,691	Brazil	2022
Delaware	22.11%	218,899	USA	2020
North Carolina	20.50%	2,140,217	USA	2020
Cauca	19.74%	245,362	Colombia	2018
Virginia	18.62%	1,607,581	USA	2020
Nariño	17.45%	233,062	Colombia	2018
Valle del Cauca	17.09%	647,526	Colombia	2018
Bolívar	16.73%	319,396	Colombia	2018
Rio de Janeiro	16.16%	2,594,253	Brazil	2022
Tennessee	15.81%	1,092,948	USA	2020
Florida	15.07%	3,246,381	USA	2020
Arkansas	15.07%	453,783	USA	2020
New York	14.78%	2,986,172	USA	2020
Illinois	14.11%	1,808,271	USA	2020
Michigan	13.66%	1,376,579	USA	2020
Tocantins	13.19%	199,394	Brazil	2022
New Jersey	13.13%	1,219,770	USA	2020
Cesar	12.97%	142,436	Colombia	2018
Sergipe	12.85%	283,960	Brazil	2022
Maranhão	12.61%	854,424	Brazil	2022
Ohio	12.53%	1,478,781	USA	2020
Piauí	12.25%	400,662	Brazil	2022
Texas	12.19%	3,552,997	USA	2020
Sucre	11.91%	102,836	Colombia	2018
Minas Gerais	11.84%	2,432,877	Brazil	2022
Amapá	11.81%	86,662	Brazil	2022
Missouri	11.37%	699,840	USA	2020
Espírito Santo	11.21%	429,680	Brazil	2022
Pennsylvania	10.95%	1,423,169	USA	2020
Connecticut	10.78%	388,675	USA	2020
Federal District	10.71%	301,765	Brazil	2022
Pernambuco	10.04%	909,557	Brazil	2022
Between 5% and 10%
Mato Grosso	9.86%	360,698	Brazil	2022
Nevada	9.82%	304,739	USA	2020
Pará	9.77%	793,621	Brazil	2022
Indiana	9.56%	648,513	USA	2020
Alagoas	9.55%	298,709	Brazil	2022
Goiás	9.19%	648,560	Brazil	2022
Rio Grande do Norte	9.17%	302,749	Brazil	2022
Rondônia	8.65%	136,793	Brazil	2022
Acre	8.56%	71,086	Brazil	2022
Magdalena	8.42%	106,318	Colombia	2018
Kentucky	8.04%	362,417	USA	2020
São Paulo	7.99%	3,546,562	Brazil	2022
Paraíba	7.96%	316,572	Brazil	2022
Roraima	7.73%	49,195	Brazil	2022
Oklahoma	7.32%	289,961	USA	2020
La Guajira	7.32%	60,475	Colombia	2018
Massachusetts	7.03%	494,029	USA	2020
Minnesota	6.98%	398,434	USA	2020
Ceará	6.77%	595,694	Brazil	2022
Córdoba	6.58%	102,495	Colombia	2018
Rio Grande do Sul	6.52%	709,837	Brazil	2022
Mato Grosso do Sul	6.50%	179,101	Brazil	2022
Wisconsin	6.39%	376,356	USA	2020
Atlántico	5.99%	140,142	Colombia	2018
Kansas	5.75%	168,809	USA	2020
Rhode Island	5.67%	62,168	USA	2020
California	5.66%	2,237,044	USA	2020
Antioquia	5.22%	312,112	Colombia	2018
Between 0% and 5%
Amazonas	4.91%	193,667	Brazil	2022
Nebraska	4.92%	96,535	USA	2020
Arizona	4.74%	339,150	USA	2020
Paraná	4.24%	485,781	Brazil	2022
Arauca	4.20%	10,058	Colombia	2018
Iowa	4.14%	131,972	USA	2020
Guaviare	4.10%	2,991	Colombia	2018
Colorado	4.07%	234,828	USA	2020
Santa Catarina	4.07%	309,908	Brazil	2022
Washington	3.99%	307,565	USA	2020
West Virginia	3.67%	65,813	USA	2020
Putumayo	3.62%	10,262	Colombia	2018
North Dakota	3.44%	26,783	USA	2020
Alaska	2.99%	21,898	USA	2020
New Mexico	2.17%	45,904	USA	2020
South Dakota	2.01%	17,842	USA	2020
Risaralda	1.99%	16,733	Colombia	2018
Oregon	1.95%	82,655	USA	2020
Maine	1.87%	25,752	USA	2020
Hawaii	1.61%	23,417	USA	2020
Casanare	1.61%	6,130	Colombia	2018
Caldas	1.59%	14,716	Colombia	2018
New Hampshire	1.46%	20,127	USA	2020
Caquetá	1.41%	5,087	Colombia	2018
Vermont	1.40%	9,034	USA	2020
Buenos Aires City	1.31%	40,670	Argentina	2022
Utah	1.22%	40,058	USA	2020
Quindío	1.18%	6,060	Colombia	2018
Santander	1.13%	22,759	Colombia	2018
Guainía	1.04%	460	Colombia	2018
Meta	0.96%	8,836	Colombia	2018
Wyoming	0.92%	5,232	USA	2020
Bogotá	0.92%	66,934	Colombia	2018
Chubut	0.90%	5,302	Argentina	2020
Tierra del Fuego	0.90%	1,658	Argentina	2022
Idaho	0.86%	15,726	USA	2020
Vaupés	0.77%	288	Colombia	2018
Vichada	0.76%	580	Colombia	2018
Salta	0.74%	10,632	Argentina	2022
Amazonas	0.74%	486	Colombia	2018
Buenos Aires	0.74%	128,804	Argentina	2022
Misiones	0.74%	9,374	Argentina	2022
Río Negro	0.73%	5,463	Argentina	2022
Santa Cruz	0.73%	2,446	Argentina	2022
Neuquén	0.71%	5,026	Argentina	2022
Jujuy	0.69%	5,583	Argentina	2022
Entre Ríos	0.63%	8,910	Argentina	2022
Corrientes	0.52%	6,310	Argentina	2022
La Rioja	0.51%	1,959	Argentina	2022
Montana	0.51%	5,484	USA	2020
Huila	0.50%	5,099	Colombia	2018
Formosa	0.49%	2,956	Argentina	2022
Córdoba	0.48%	18,366	Argentina	2022
La Pampa	0.48%	1,726	Argentina	2022
Chaco	0.48%	5,357	Argentina	2022
Cundinamarca	0.47%	13,092	Colombia	2018
Santa Fe	0.47%	16,560	Argentina	2022
Catamarca	0.46%	1,965	Argentina	2022
Tucumán	0.42%	7,172	Argentina	2022
Tolima	0.42%	5,207	Colombia	2018
Norte de Santander	0.40%	5,470	Colombia	2018
Mendoza	0.40%	8,141	Argentina	2022
Santiago del Estero	0.40%	4,211	Argentina	2022
Boyacá	0.38%	4,247	Colombia	2018
Pando	0.36%	394	Bolivia	2012
Beni	0.35%	1,493	Bolivia	2012
San Luis	0.35%	1,896	Argentina	2022
La Paz	0.33%	8,835	Bolivia	2012
San Juan	0.30%	2,449	Argentina	2022
Santa Cruz	0.30%	7,845	Bolivia	2012
Tarija	0.18%	770	Bolivia	2012
Cochabamba	0.14%	2,458	Bolivia	2012
Chuquisaca	0.11%	604	Bolivia	2012
Chuquisaca	0.11%	604	Bolivia	2012
Oruro	0.10%	490	Bolivia	2012
Potosí	0.05%	441	Bolivia	2012
Source: Censuses of American countries. [41] [42] [43] [44] [45]

Notable people of African descent in the Americas

• Kareem Abdul-Jabbar – American basketball player
• Muhammad Ali – American boxer
• Archie Alleyne – Canadian musician
• Deandre Ayton – Bahamian basketball player
• Ronald Acuna Jr. – Venezuelan baseball player
• Ozzie Albies – Curaçaoan baseball player
• Laz Alonso – Cuban actor
• Edem Awumey – Canadian writer
• Susana Baca – Peruvian musician
• Leandro Barbosa – Brazilian basketball player
• Charles Barkley – American basketball player
• RJ Barrett – Canadian basketball player
• Abelardo Barroso – Cuban singer
• Mario Bazán – Peruvian athlete
• DaMarcus Beasley – American football player
• Jean Beausejour – Chilean football player
• Adrián Beltré – Dominican baseball player
• Halle Berry – American actress
• Beyoncé – American singer
• Usain Bolt – Jamaican sprinter
• Cory Booker – American politician
• E. R. Braithwaite – Guyanese writer, educator and diplomat
• Melvin Brown – Mexican football player
• Rudel Calero – Nicaraguan football player
• Mariah Carey – American singer
• Sueli Carneiro – Brazilian philosopher and political activist
• Ramiro Castillo – Bolivian football player
• Aimé Césaire – Martinican author, philosopher and politician
• Bill Cosby – American actor and comedian
• Celia Cruz – Cuban singer
• Teófilo Cubillas – Peruvian football player
• Stephen Curry – American basketball player
• Léon Damas – French Guianese writer
• Edwidge Danticat – Haitian-American author
• Charlie Davies – American football player
• Oscar D'León – Venezuelan musician
• Drake – Canadian rapper
• Tim Duncan – American basketball player
• Kevin Durant – American basketball player
• Giovanny Espinoza – Ecuadorian football player
• Patrick Ewing – Jamaican basketball player
• Frantz Fanon – Martinican philosopher and Pan-Africanist
• Jefferson Farfán – Peruvian football player
• Marielle Franco – Brazilian politician
• Marcus Garvey – Jamaican Pan-Africanist
• Gilberto Gil – Brazilian musician and politician
• Juan José Nieto Gil – Colombian president
• Edray H. Goins – African American president of the National Association of Mathematicians (NAM)
• Eddy Grant – Guyanese pop and reggae music star
• Kevin Hanchard – Canadian actor
• Devern Hansack – Nicaraguan baseball pitcher
• James Harden – American basketball player
• Kamala Harris – American politician, Vice President of the United States
• Wilson Harris – Guyanese writer
• Buddy Hield – Bahamian basketball player
• Whitney Houston – American singer
• Kyrie Irving – American basketball player
• Michael Jackson – American singer
• Janet Jackson – American singer
• Lamar Jackson – American football player
• C. L. R. James – Trinidadian historian and academic
• LeBron James – American basketball player
• Wyclef Jean – Haitian musician
• Jerry Jeudy, American football player
• Dwayne Johnson – American actor and wrestler
• Magic Johnson – American basketball player
• Michael Jordan – American basketball player
• Colin Kaepernick – American civil rights activist and American football player
• Martin Luther King Jr. – American civil rights activist
• Hayden Knight – American football player
• Don Lemon – American journalist
• Mia Love – American politician
• Malcolm X – American human rights activist
• Bob Marley – Jamaican reggae musician
• Jackson Martínez – Colombian football player
• Margareth Menezes – Brazilian singer and producer
• Nicki Minaj – Trinidadian rapper
• Totó la Momposina – Colombian singer
• Zezé Motta – Brazilian actress
• Morella Muñoz – Venezuelan singer
• Milton Nascimento – Brazilian singer
• Anthony Nesty – Surinamese swimmer
• Lupita Nyong'o – Mexican actress
• Barack Obama – American politician, first black president of the United States
• Michelle Obama – American politician, former First Lady of the United States
• Shaquille O'Neal – American basketball player
• David Ortiz – Dominican baseball player
• Deval Patrick – American politician
• Chris Paul – American basketball player
• Pelé – Brazilian soccer player
• Carlos Posadas – Argentine musician
• Álex Quiñónez – Ecuadorian Olympic sprinter
• Rubén Rada – Uruguayan singer
• Lionel Richie – American singer
• Rihanna – Barbadian singer
• Robinho – Brazilian football player
• Walter Rodney – Guyanese historian and political activist
• Arturo Rodríguez – Argentine boxer
• Bill Russell – American basketball player
• Carlos Andrés Sánchez – Uruguayan football player
• Pablo Sandoval – Venezuelan athlete
• Giovani dos Santos – Mexican football player
• Milton Santos – Brazilian geographer
• Tupac Shakur – American rapper
• Cayetano Alberto Silva – Uruguayan musician
• Will Smith – American actor and singer
• Domingo Sosa – Argentine soldier
• Sloane Stephens – American tennis player
• Mike Tyson – American boxer
• María Isabel Urrutia – Colombian athlete
• Bebo Valdés – Cuban pianist
• Elcina Valencia – Colombian teacher
• Dwyane Wade – American basketball player
• Derek Walcott – Saint Lucian poet, playwright and the 1992 Nobel Prize Literature Winner
• Denzel Washington – American actor
• The Weeknd – Canadian singer
• Kanye West – American rapper and singer
• Russell Westbrook – American basketball player
• Andrew Wiggins – Canadian basketball player
• Eric Eustace Williams – Trinidad and Tobago's first Prime Minister
• Serena Williams – American tennis player
• Zion Williamson – American basketball player
• Russell Wilson – American football player
• Oprah Winfrey – American talk show host, actress and producer
• Tiger Woods – American golfer

See also

• African-American
• African-Canadian
• African-Caribbean
• Afro-Latin American

Related bibliography

• Ethnic domination and racist discourse in Spain and Latin America. Dijk, Teun A. van. van. Gedisa Editorial SA ISBN   84-7432-997-3
• Gender, class and race in Latin America: some contributions. Luna, Lola G. Ed PPU, SA ISBN   84-7665-959-8
• Gender, race and class "color" desensientes Latinas. Impoexports, Colombia, Yumbo
• Afro Atlantic Histories resource, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC.

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