Demographics of Panama

Last updated
Demographics of Panama
Panama single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of Panama in 2020
Population4,337,768 (2022 est.)
Growth rate1.53% (2022 est.)
Birth rate14.5 births/1,000 population (2022)
Death rate5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2022)
Life expectancy77.62 years
  male74.76 years
  female80.66 years
Fertility rate1.92 children per woman (2022)
Infant mortality rate16.44 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate3.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Age structure
0–14 years25.44%
15–64 years65.66%
65 and over8.90%
Nationality
Nationality Panamanian
Major ethnic Mestizo - 65%
Language
Official Spanish

This is a demography of the population of Panama including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. Panama's 2020 census has been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic but the government are currently assessing additional implications. They are evaluating the preparatory processes that can begin now[ when? ], such as procurement. [1]

Contents

Population size and structure

Census population and growth rate
YearPop.±% p.a.
1911336,742    
1920446,098+3.17%
1930467,459+0.47%
1940622,576+2.91%
1950805,285+2.61%
19601,075,541+2.94%
19701,428,082+2.88%
19801,805,287+2.37%
19902,329,329+2.58%
20002,839,177+2.00%
20103,405,813+1.84%
20234,064,780+1.37%
Source: [2]

Panama's population was 4,351,267 people in 2021, compared to 860,000 in 1950. [3] [4] The proportion of the population aged below 15 in 2010 was 29%. 64.5% of the population were aged between 15 and 65, with 6.6% of the population being 65 years or older. [5]

Total population
(x 1000)
Proportion
aged 0–14
(%)
Proportion
aged 15–64
(%)
Proportion
aged 65+
(%)
195086040.255.74.1
195598341.854.14.1
19601 13642.952.84.3
19651 31943.851.84.4
19701 52643.951.84.3
19751 75442.852.84.4
19801 99040.455.04.6
19852 23337.657.64.7
19902 48735.259.95.0
19952 75733.361.55.2
20003 05531.862.65.5
20053 36630.463.75.9
20103 67829.064.56.6
20154 08028.164.67.3

Structure of the population

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2013) (Data refer to projections based on the 2010 Population Census.): [6]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total1 934 2641 916 4713 850 735100
0-4187 797179 822367 6199.55
5-9184 487176 909361 3969.39
10-14180 579173 379353 9589,19
15-19170 895164 639335 5348,71
20-24160 414155 878316 2928.21
25-29154 493150 986305 4797.93
30-34147 618144 488292 1067.59
35-39140 942138 936279 8787.27
40-44130 725130 042260 7676.77
45-49113 877114 213228 0905.92
50-5496 56498 076194 6405.05
55-5976 08478 641154 7254.02
60-6458 97462 105121 0793.14
65-6945 36048 70094 0602.44
70-7433 83937 31371 1521.85
75-7923 62227 02050 6421.32
80-8414 94417 95632 9000.85
85-898 17410 45818 6320.48
90-943 5734 9388 5110,22
95-991 1191 6782 7970.07
100+1842944780.01
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0-14552 863530 1101 082 97328.12
15-641 250 5861 238 0042 488 59064.63
65+130 815148 357279 1727.25
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2021) (Data based on the 2010 Population Census.): [7]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total2 173 7612 163 6454 337 406100
0–4188 707180 605369 3128.51
5–9188 786180 836369 6228.52
10–14186 177178 516364 6938.41
15–19184 931177 805362 7368.36
20–24179 023173 354352 3778.12
25–29166 836163 323330 1597.61
30–34158 793156 785315 5787.28
35–39152 777150 905303 6827.00
40–44145 734144 050289 7846.68
45–49136 697136 413273 1106.30
50–54121 428122 735244 1635.63
55–59102 281105 070207 3514.78
60–6482 34686 597168 9433.90
65-6961 86967 091128 9602.97
70-7445 32950 80996 1382.22
75-7931 96337 29369 2561.60
80-8420 69325 37546 0681.06
85-8911 68915 20926 8980.62
90-945 4337 52812 9610.30
95-991 8942 7774 6710.11
100+3755699440.02
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14563 670539 9571 103 62725.44
15–641 430 8461 417 0372 847 88365.66
65+179 245206 651385 8968.90

2020 Statistics

Population Distribution (2016 vs 2020)
Age GroupYear%Change
85+2016
 
0.88%0.13
2020
 
1.01%
80-842016
 
0.92%0.11
2020
 
1.03%
75-802016
 
1.41%0.15
2020
 
1.56%
70-752016
 
1.97%0.19
2020
 
2.16%
65-692016
 
2.61%0.29
2020
 
2.89%

60-642016
 
3.39%0.40
2020
 
3.78%
55-592016
 
4.35%0.37
2020
 
4.72%
50-542016
 
5.27%0.28
2020
 
5.55%
45-492016
 
6.14%0.15
2020
 
6.29%
40-442016
 
6.79%-0.08
2020
 
6.71%
35-392016
 
7.15%-0.12
2020
 
7.03%
30-342016
 
7.47%-0.15
2020
 
7.32%
25-292016
 
7.76%-0.15
2020
 
7.61%
20-242016
 
8.12%0.01
2020
 
8.13%
15-192016
 
8.67%-0.23
2020
 
8.44%

10-142016
 
8.92%-0.42
2020
 
8.50%
5-92016
 
9.01%-0.38
2020
 
8.62%
0-42016
 
9.18%-0.54
2020
 
8.64%
Percentage of Total Male & Female per age group
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal% [8]
Total2,144,8022,133,6984,278,500100
85+18,48324,81843,3011.01
80-8419,87124,31344,1841.03
75-8030,77335,84166,6141.56
70-7543,59048,77592,3652.16
65-6959,35164,385123,7362.89
60-6478,84082,999161,8393.78
55-5999,474102,273201,7474.72
50-54118,116119,439237,5555.55
45-49134,702134,564269,2666.29
40-44144,249142,660286,9096.71
35-39151,334149,273300,6077.03
30-34157,658155,574313,2327.32
25-29164,397161,047325,4447.61
20-24176,772171,243348,0158.13
15-19184,134177,065361,1998.44
10-14185,734178,125363,8598.50
5-9188,401180,480368,8818.62
0-4188,923180,824369,7478.64


Age GroupMale. in 1000sFemale in 1000s% of Total [8]  % Males of total Males% Females of total Females
Total
2,144 / 4,278(50%)
2,133 / 4,278(50%)
4,278 / 4,278(100%)
2,144 / 2,144(100%)
2,133 / 2,133(100%)
85+
18 / 43(42%)
24 / 43(56%)
43 / 4,278(1%)
18 / 2,144(0.8%)
24 / 2,133(1%)
80-84
20 / 44(45%)
24 / 44(55%)
44 / 4,278(1%)
20 / 2,144(0.9%)
24 / 2,133(1%)
75-80
31 / 67(46%)
36 / 67(54%)
67 / 4,278(2%)
31 / 2,144(1%)
36 / 2,133(2%)
70-75
44 / 92(48%)
49 / 92(53%)
92 / 4,278(2%)
44 / 2,144(2%)
49 / 2,133(2%)
65-69
60 / 124(48%)
64 / 124(52%)
124 / 4,278(3%)
60 / 2,144(3%)
64 / 2,133(3%)
60-64
79 / 162(49%)
83 / 162(51%)
162 / 4,278(4%)
79 / 2,144(4%)
83 / 2,133(4%)
55-59
99 / 202(49%)
102 / 202(50%)
202 / 4,278(5%)
99 / 2,144(5%)
102 / 2,133(5%)
50-54
118 / 238(50%)
119 / 238(50%)
238 / 4,278(6%)
118 / 2,144(6%)
119 / 2,133(6%)
45-49
135 / 269(50%)
135 / 269(50%)
269 / 4,278(6%)
135 / 2,144(6%)
135 / 2,133(6%)
40-44
144 / 287(50%)
143 / 287(50%)
287 / 4,278(7%)
144 / 2,144(7%)
143 / 2,133(7%)
35-39
151 / 301(50%)
149 / 301(50%)
301 / 4,278(7%)
151 / 2,144(7%)
149 / 2,133(7%)
30-34
158 / 313(50%)
156 / 313(50%)
313 / 4,278(7%)
158 / 2,144(7%)
156 / 2,133(7%)
25-29
164 / 325(50%)
161 / 325(50%)
325 / 4,278(8%)
164 / 2,144(8%)
161 / 2,133(8%)
20-24
177 / 348(51%)
171 / 348(49%)
348 / 4,278(8%)
177 / 2,144(8%)
171 / 2,133(8%)
15-19
184 / 361(51%)
177 / 361(49%)
361 / 4,278(8%)
184 / 2,144(9%)
177 / 2,133(8%)
10-14
186 / 364(51%)
178 / 364(49%)
364 / 4,278(9%)
186 / 2,144(9%)
187 / 2,133(9%)
5-9
188 / 369(51%)
180 / 369(49%)
369 / 4,278(9%)
188 / 2,144(9%)
180 / 2,133(8%)
0-4
189 / 370(51%)
181 / 370(49%)
370 / 4,278(9%)
189 / 2,144(9%)
181 / 2,133(8%)

[lower-alpha 1]

Population distribution

More than half the population lives in the Panama City-Colón metropolitan corridor.

ProvinceCapital cityPopulation
(2010 Est.) [9]
Population
(2020 Est.) [8]
Bocas del Toro Bocas del Toro 118,405179,990
Coclé Penonomé 237,840266,969
Colón Colón 250,802298,344
Chiriquí David 426,790464,538
Darién La Palma 46,01157,818
Herrera Chitré 112,538118,982
Los Santos Las Tablas 90,98495,557
Panamá Ciudad de Panamá 1,796,6741,656,339
Veraguas Santiago 226,847248,325
ComarcaCapital cityPopulation
Emberá-Wounaan Unión Choco9,49713,016
Kuna de Madugandí N/DN/DN/D
Kuna Yala El Porvenir 37,54547,341
Kuna de Wargandí N/DN/DN/D
Ngäbe-Buglé Buabidi150,550224,823
Population of Panama 2020 by Province [8]
Population of Panama 2020 by Province [8]

Vital statistics

UN estimates

Registration of vital events (especially deaths) is in Panama not complete until the end of the 20th century. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [5]

PeriodLive births
per year
Deaths
per year
Natural change
per year
CBR*CDR*NC*TFR*IMR*Life expectancy
total
Life expectancy
males
Life expectancy
females
1950-195538 00011 00027 00041.412.029.55.769256.855.957.8
1955-196044 00011 00033 00041.710.631.15.878059.558.660.5
1960-196550 00011 00039 00040.99.231.65.796862.161.163.3
1965-197055 00012 00044 00038.88.130.75.415864.363.265.6
1970-197559 00011 00048 00036.17.029.24.884866.765.168.5
1975-198061 00011 00050 00032.55.926.64.193969.267.271.5
1980-198562 00011 00051 00029.55.424.13.633471.068.673.7
1985-199064 00012 00053 00027.35.122.33.242972.469.675.4
1990-199567 00013 00054 00025.54.920.62.962673.670.876.5
1995-200071 00014 00057 00024.64.819.82.872474.672.277.2
2000-200574 00015 00059 00023.14.818.32.762075.673.078.3
2005-201075 00017 00058 00021.34.916.42.621776.473.679.5
2010-201519.85.014.82.48
2015-202018.45.113.32.36
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Registered births and deaths

[6] [10]

YearPopulationLive birthsDeathsNatural increaseCrude birth rateCrude death rateRate of natural increaseTFR
1952905,05029,0136,79122,22236.08.427.6
1953929,42531,4287,63823,79037.99.228.7
1954954,95233,5217,51126,01039.38.830.5
1955981,68634,5928,05926,53339.49.230.2
19561,009,69635,5828,35227,23039.39.230.1
19571,039,03837,7438,65629,08740.59.331.2
19581,069,78337,7338,36429,36939.38.730.6
19591,101,99740,2968,95931,33740.89.131.7
19601,135,70342,3598,82733,53239.98.331.65.254
19611,170,57244,2078,85135,35640.48.132.3
19621,206,60846,2748,23938,03541.17.333.8
19631,243,01546,6569,23937,41740.28.032.2
19641,280,33347,4198,74338,67639.67.332.3
19651,318,56748,3779,03539,34239.27.331.95.191
19661,357,73949,3949,18440,21038.97.231.7
19671,397,85450,7958,93841,85738.86.832.0
19681,438,93352,4899,56842,92138.97.131.8
19691,480,98852,7999,79143,00838.07.031.0
19701,524,44553,28710,22543,06237.17.130.05.041
19711,568,67454,9489,85745,09137.26.730.5
19721,613,45254,9109,07645,83436.06.030.0
19731,658,73452,0919,16142,93033.25.827.4
19741,704,36352,7729,00143,77132. 65.627.0
19751,750,31753,7908,68345,10732.35.227.14.254
19761,796,45353,0028,56444,43830.85.025.8
19771,842,71952,7228,03644,68629.84.525.3
19781,889,06153,0407,55545,48529.14.125.0
19791,935,38352,9198,19244,72728.24.423.8
19801,981,56252,6267,95944,66726.94.122.83.443
19812,029,83453,8737,97645,89726.94.022.9
19822,078,39454,4918,14246,34926.74.022.7
19832,127,00055,2228,49946,72326.44.122.3
19842,175,94256,6598,25048,40926.53.922.6
19852,225,13258,0388,99149,04726.64.122.53.199
19862,274,44057,6558,94248,71325.94.021.9
19872,323,96557,6479,10548,54225.34.021.3
19882,373,82158,4599,38249,07725.24.021.2
19892,423,92459,0699,55749,51225.14.121.0
19902,474,11959,9049,79950,10525.04.120.92.884
19912,527,39160,0809,68350,39724.64.020.6
19922,581,47659,90510,14349,76224.14.120.0
19932,636,07959,19110,66948,52223.34.219.1
19942,691,24459,94710,98348,96423.24.318.9
19952,746,94461,93911,03250,90723.54.219.32.718
19962,803,85363,40111,16152,24023.74.219.5
19972,861,70068,00912,17955,83025.04.520.5
19982,920,59162,35111,82450,52722.64.318.3
19992,980,08864,24811,93852,31022.94.218.7
20003,040,70164,83911,84152,99822.74.118.62.672
20013,102,26863,90012,44251,45821.34.117.22.509
20023,164,35461,67112,42849,24320.24.116.12.393
20033,226,53561,75313,24848,50519.84.315.52.368
20043,288,73362,74313,47549,26819.84.215.62.379
20053,351,00763,64514,18049,46519.74.415.32.388
20063,413,39965,76414,35851,40620.04.415.62.441
20073,475,74167,63414,77552,58919.44.315.12.477
20083,537,98668,75915,11553,64419.44.315.12.506
20093,600,00068,36415,49852,86619.04.314.72.466
20103,661,83567,95516,54251,41318.64.514.12.430
20113,723,82173,29216,36756,92519.74.415.32.466
20123,787,51175,48617,35058,13619.94.615.32.511
20133,850,73573,80417,76756,03719.24.614.62.428
20143,913,27575,18318,17157,01219.24.614.62.447
20153,975,40475,90118,18257,91919.14.614.52.445
20164,037,04375,18418,88256,30218.64.713.92.424
20174,098,13576,16619,48256,68418.64.813.82.403
20184,158,78376,86319,72057,14318.54.713.82.400
20194,218,80872,45620,04952,40717.24.812.42.240
20204,278,50069,94525,15144,79416.35.910.42.142
20214,337,40666,49824,66341,83515.35.79.62.020
20224,395,41463,92022,86041,06014.55.29.31.923

Ethnic groups

Ethnic groups in Panama (2010 est.) [11]

   Mestizos (mixed Amerindian and European/White) (65%)
   Native Panamanians (Ngabe 7.6%, Kuna 2.4%, Embera 0.9%, Bugle 0.8%, other 0.4%, unspecified 0.2%) (12.3%)
   Mulattos (6.8%)

The culture, customs, and language of Panama are predominantly Caribbean Spanish. In 2010 the population was 65% Mestizo (mixed European and Amerindian), 12.3% Native Panamanians, 9.2% black, 6.8% mulattoes, and 6.7% white. [11]

Indigenous Panamanians

Population of Panama according to ethnic group [12]
Ethnic
group
Census 1990Census 2000Census 2010
Number %Number %Number %
Non-indigenous2,135,06091.72,553,94690.02,988,25487.7
Amerindian 194,2698.3285,23110.0417,55912.3
Total2,329,3292,839,1773,405,813
Indigenous population of Panama according to ethnic group [12]
Ethnic
group
Census 1990Census 2000Census 2010
Number %Number %Number %
Ngäbe (Guaymi) 123,62663.6169,13059.3260,05862.3
Buglé (Bokota) 3,7841.918,7246.626,8716.4
Guna 47,29824.361,70721.680,52619.3
Emberá 14,6597.522,4857.931,2847.5
Wounaan 2,6051.36,8822.47,2791.7
Teribe/Naso 2,1941.13,3051.24,0461.0
Bribri 2,5210.91,0680.3
Other1030.14600.1
Not declared4770.25,9671.4

European Panamanians

European Panamanians or Caucasian ethnic groups in Panama include Spanish, British and Irish, Dutch, French, Germans, Italians, Portuguese, Poles, Russians or Ukrainians (a large number are Jews), Greeks, and Americans.

Asian Panamanians

Panama has a considerable population of Asians origin; in particular Chinese, West Asians (Lebanese, and Palestinians and Syrians) and South Asians (from India and Pakistan). The first Chinese immigrated to Panama from southern China in the 19th century to help build the Panama Railroad. There followed several waves of immigrants, especially after the 1970s, when the ensuing decades saw up to 80,000 immigrants from all over China. At least 50,000 Panamanians are ethnically Chinese, though some estimates count as many as 135,000. Most of the Chinese population reside in the province of Chiriquí. Some studies suggest that almost 1 million Panamanians have at least one Chinese ancestor. [13] [14]

African Panamanians

Afro-Panamanians first arrived during the colonial era. They are intermixed in the general population or live in small Afro-Panamanian communities along the Atlantic Coast and in villages within the Darién jungle. Most of the people in Darien are fishermen or small-scale farmers growing crops such as bananas, rice and coffee as well as raising livestock. Other Afro-Panamanians descend from later migrants from the Caribbean who came to work on railroad-construction projects, commercial agricultural enterprises, and (especially) the canal. Important Afro-Caribbean community areas include towns and cities such as Colón, Cristobal and Balboa, in the former Canal Zone, as well as the Río Abajo area of Panama City. Another region with a large Afro-Caribbean population is the province of Bocas del Toro on the Caribbean coast just south of Costa Rica. [15]

Most of the Panamanian population of West Indian descent owe their presence in the country to the monumental efforts to build the Panama Canal in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Three-quarters of the 50,000 workers who built the canal were Afro-Caribbean migrants from the British West Indies. Thousands of Afro-Caribbean workers were recruited from Jamaica, Barbados and Trinidad. [15]

Languages

Many languages, including seven indigenous languages, are spoken in Panama, although Spanish is the official and dominant language. The local variant is Panamanian Spanish. English is sometimes spoken by many professionals and those working in the business or governmental sectors of society.

Indigenous languages include Guaymí, Kuna, Northern Embera and Teribe. Bocas del Toro Creole is also spoken.

Religion

Religion in Panama (2013) [16]

   Roman Catholic (85%)
   Protestants (15%)

The majority of Panamanians are Christian; most are Roman Catholics as a result centuries of Spanish colonial influence. Other faiths exist in Panama by the country's tolerance and freedom of religion, there are large Protestant, Jewish, Bahá'í, Muslim and Hindu religious groups in Panama.

See also

Notes

  1. This is an attempt to dynamically display a population pyramid for this data. The pyramid is canted to the left and the Male Data is made negative to create the image as close to what is desired as possible.

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Emberá-Wounaan is a comarca indígena in eastern Panama. It was created by Law Number 22 on November 8, 1983, out of the former Chepigana and Pinogana districts of the Darién Province. Its capital is Unión Chocó, and it is notable for being composed of two non-contiguous sections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indigenous peoples of South America</span> Pre-Columbian peoples of South America and their descendants

The Indigenous peoples of South America or South American Indigenous peoples, are the pre-Columbian peoples of South America and their descendants. These peoples contrast with South Americans of European ancestry and those of African descent.

Talamanca is a canton in the Limón province of Costa Rica. The head city is Bribri, located in Bratsi district.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethnic groups in Central America</span>

Central America is a subregion of the Americas formed by six Latin American countries and one (officially) Anglo-American country, Belize. As an isthmus it connects South America with the remainder of mainland North America, and comprises the following countries : Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pinogana District</span> District in Darién Province, Panama

Pinogana District is a district (distrito) of Darién Province in Panama. The population according to the 2000 census was 12,823; the latest estimate is 26,160. The district covers a total area of 4,901 km². The capital lies at the town of El Real de Santa María.

Sixaola is a district of the Talamanca canton, in the Limón province of Costa Rica. It is a border town together with Guabito, Panamá Sixaola is right across the Sixaola River from Guabito, Panama.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Colombia</span>

The demographics of Colombia consist of statistics regarding Colombians' health, economic status, religious affiliations, ethnicity, population density, and other aspects of the population. Colombia is the second-most populous country in South America after Brazil, and the third-most populous in Latin America, after Brazil and Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indigenous peoples of Panama</span>

Indigenous peoples of Panama, or Native Panamanians, are the native peoples of Panama. According to the 2010 census, they make up 12.3% of the overall population of 3.4 million, or just over 418,000 people. The Ngäbe and Buglé comprise half of the indigenous peoples of Panama.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emberá people</span> Indigenous people of Panama and Colombia

The Emberá, also known in the historical literature as the Chocó or Katío Indians are an indigenous people of Panama and Colombia. In the Emberá language, the word ẽberá can be used to mean person, man, or indigenous person, depending on the context in which it is used. There are approximately 33,000 people living in Panama and 50,000 in Colombia who identify as Emberá.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Panamanians</span> People identified with the country Panama

Panamanians are people identified with Panama, a country in Central America and with residential, legal, historical, or cultural connections with North America. For most Panamanians, several or all of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their Panamanian identity. Panama is a multilingual and multicultural society, home to people of many different ethnicities and religions. Therefore, many Panamanians do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship and allegiance to Panama. The overwhelming majority of Panamanians are the product of varying degrees of admixture between European ethnic groups with native Amerindians and Black Africans.

Quitirrisí is a district of the Mora canton, in the San José province of Costa Rica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Fe District, Darién</span> District in Darién, Panama

Santa Fe is a district in the Panamanian province of Darién, located approximately 155 kilometres (96 mi) east of Panama City. The district seat is located at Santa Fe.

References

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PD-icon.svg This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.