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Panama elects on national level a head of state, i.e. the president, and a legislature. The president and the vice-president are elected on one ballot for a five-year term by the people. The National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional) has 71 members, elected for a five-year term in single-seat and multi-seat constituencies.
Panama has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.
| Position | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Presidential (May) National Congress (May) Gubernatorial (May) | None | Presidential (May) National Congress (May) Gubernatorial (May) | |||
| President and vice president | President and vice president | None | President and vice president | |||
| National Congress | All seats | None | All seats | |||
| Provinces, cities and municipalities | All positions | None | All positions | |||
| Position | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Presidential (July) National Congress (July) Gubernatorial (July) | None | Presidential (July) National Congress (July) Gubernatorial (July) | |||
| President and vice president | 1 July | None | 1 July | |||
| National Congress | 1 July | None | 1 July | |||
| Provinces, cities and municipalities | 1 July | None | 1 July | |||
| Candidate | Party or alliance | Votes | % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laurentino Cortizo | Joining Forces | Democratic Revolutionary Party | 609,638 | 31.03 | ||
| Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement | 45,664 | 2.32 | ||||
| Total | 655,302 | 33.35 | ||||
| Rómulo Roux | Change to Wake Up | Democratic Change | 564,297 | 28.72 | ||
| Alliance Party | 44,706 | 2.28 | ||||
| Total | 609,003 | 31.00 | ||||
| Ricardo Lombana | Independent | 368,962 | 18.78 | |||
| José Blandón | Panama We Can | Panameñista Party | 174,113 | 8.86 | ||
| People's Party | 38,818 | 1.98 | ||||
| Total | 212,931 | 10.84 | ||||
| Ana Matilde Gómez | Independent | 93,631 | 4.77 | |||
| Saúl Méndez | Broad Front for Democracy | 13,540 | 0.69 | |||
| Marco Ameglio | Independent | 11,408 | 0.58 | |||
| Total | 1,964,777 | 100.00 | ||||
| Valid votes | 1,964,777 | 97.58 | ||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 48,656 | 2.42 | ||||
| Total votes | 2,013,433 | 100.00 | ||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,757,823 | 73.01 | ||||
| Source: Election Tribunal | ||||||
 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Democratic Revolutionary Party | 542,105 | 29.99 | 35 | +9 | |
| Democratic Change | 405,798 | 22.45 | 18 | –6 | |
| Panameñista Party | 312,635 | 17.30 | 8 | –8 | |
| Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement | 92,340 | 5.11 | 5 | +3 | |
| People's Party | 65,028 | 3.60 | 0 | –1 | |
| Alliance Party | 43,670 | 2.42 | 0 | –1 | |
| Broad Front for Democracy | 22,711 | 1.26 | 0 | 0 | |
| Independents | 323,153 | 17.88 | 5 | +4 | |
| Total | 1,807,440 | 100.00 | 71 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 1,807,440 | 92.68 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 142,663 | 7.32 | |||
| Total votes | 1,950,103 | 100.00 | |||
| Source: Tribunal Electoral | |||||
The politics of Panama take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic with multi-party system, whereby the President of Panama is both head of state and head of government.
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Elections in Mali gives information on election and election results in Mali.
Elections in Marshall Islands gives information on election and election results in Marshall Islands.
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Vanuatu elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The Parliament or Parlement has 52 members, elected for a four-year term in eight single-member constituencies and ten multi-member constituencies by first-past-the-post and single non-transferable vote, respectively. The president is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of members of Parliament and the presidents of Regional Councils.
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General elections were held in Panama on 4 May 2014. Due to constitutional term limits, Incumbent President Ricardo Martinelli was ineligible for a second consecutive term. Incumbent Vice President Juan Carlos Varela of the Partido Panameñista was declared the victor with 39% of the votes.
General elections were held in Panama on 5 May 2019. Due to constitutional term limits, incumbent President Juan Carlos Varela was ineligible for a second consecutive term. Businessman and politician Laurentino Cortizo of the centre-left Democratic Revolutionary Party won the election with around 33% of the vote, narrowly defeating Rómulo Roux of the centre-right Democratic Change, who won 31% of the vote.
General elections are scheduled to be held in Panama on 5 May 2024. Due to constitutional term limits, incumbent president Laurentino Cortizo is ineligible for a second consecutive term.
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